Unit 1 Nothing ventured, nothing gained 導(dǎo)學(xué)案 3.doc

Unit 1 Nothing ventured, nothing gained 導(dǎo)學(xué)案一、單詞典句考點(diǎn)hook v. 著迷于【經(jīng)典例句】An expedition with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton to the South PoleI was hooked.跟著偉大的歐內(nèi)斯特沙克爾頓爵士去南極探險(xiǎn)我被迷住了?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1) hook作動(dòng)詞的常見(jiàn)搭配是be/get hooked on sth，表示“迷上某事物”。如：The man got hooked on heroin.那人吸海洛因成癮。2) hook作名詞，意為“鉤；困境；鉤拳”。如：a fish hook 魚(yú)鉤；a left hook左勾拳；get off the hook擺脫困境；off the hook(指電話聽(tīng)筒)未掛上faith n. 信仰；信任；信心【經(jīng)典例句】His perseverance won our complete faith in him.他的堅(jiān)持不懈完全贏得了我們的信任?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】faith用作名詞，一般作不可數(shù)名詞，后面常跟介詞in ，常見(jiàn)的搭配有：have faith in sb./sth. 信仰(信任)某人(某物)；give ones faith to sb. 保證擁護(hù)某人；keep/break faith with sb.對(duì)某人守信用(不守信用)；in good faith 真誠(chéng)地；誠(chéng)實(shí)地【活學(xué)活用】1. 翻譯句子1) 我不再信任那家伙。_答案：Ive lost faith in the fellow.2) 他對(duì)人不守信用，朋友都離開(kāi)了他。_答案：He always breaks faith with others and friends have left him.rank n. 階層；等級(jí)；軍銜；行列 【經(jīng)典例句】There were no differences in rank or in social status.這里沒(méi)有等級(jí)與地位的差別?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1) rank用作名詞時(shí)，常見(jiàn)的搭配有：break ranks 出列，落后；fall into ranks 加入行列，排隊(duì)；keep ranks 保持隊(duì)形，維持秩序2) rank用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“位居；被分類，被評(píng)價(jià)”。如：She ranks high in her class.她在班上名列前茅?！净顚W(xué)活用】2. 完成句子1) The soldier was promoted to _ (上尉軍銜).答案：the rank of captain2) People from _(各階層、各階級(jí))are equal here.答案：all ranks and classes3) How do you _(將湯姆列為級(jí))as a chess player?答案：rank Tomselect v. 挑選；選擇【經(jīng)典例句】All our hotels have been selected for the excellent value they provide.我們住的旅館都是精心挑選的，最為合算?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】select還可用作形容詞，意為“精選的；選擇成員嚴(yán)格的”。如：I just bought A Select Collection of Poetry from Cotemporary Authors.我剛買了一本當(dāng)代作家詩(shī)歌選集。delay n. 耽擱； 延誤； 被耽擱或推遲的時(shí)間【經(jīng)典例句】We might never know their fate and possible delays.我們可能從來(lái)不知道他們的命運(yùn)及還需要耽擱多久?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1) 固定搭配：without delay 立即，馬上。如：We must leave without delay.我們必須立即離開(kāi)。2) delay還可作為動(dòng)詞，意為“延誤；耽擱；延期；推遲”。如：She delayed(for)two hours and missed the plane.她耽擱兩小時(shí)，把飛機(jī)誤了?！净顚W(xué)活用】3. 完成句子1) The train _(延誤一小時(shí))by the accident.答案：was delayed an hour2) I arrived there _(毫無(wú)耽擱).答案：without delay3) They decided to_(推遲出國(guó)).答案：delay going abroadgrasp v. 抓??；咬?。蛔ゾo；全面領(lǐng)會(huì)【經(jīng)典例句】We had to gather fresh water by grasping and then melting sea ice.我們不得不通過(guò)撈一些浮冰再融化得到一些淡水?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1) grasp at sth. 盡力抓住某物2) grasp用作名詞時(shí)，意為“抓?。话盐?；理解；領(lǐng)會(huì)”。如：Take a firm grasp of the handle and pull.抓住把手用力拉。【活學(xué)活用】4. 翻譯句子1) 你最好抓住這一機(jī)會(huì)。_答案：Youd better grasp the opportunity.2) 她始終不明白該怎樣做。_答案：She could never grasp how to do it.3) 她對(duì)該學(xué)科有深刻的了解。_答案：She has a good grasp of the subject.短語(yǔ)典句考點(diǎn)hold on等一下；停?。粓?jiān)持住【經(jīng)典例句】Hold on now, Perce. Dont you go turning into another Tom.堅(jiān)持下去，珀西，不要變成另一個(gè)湯姆。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】1) hold on還可表示“將固定??；抓??；保留”，表示“抓?。槐Ａ簟睍r(shí)，后面常接to sb. /sth.。如：He held on to the rock to stop himself slipping.他緊緊抓住巖石以免自己往下滑。You should hold on to your oil shares.你應(yīng)該繼續(xù)保留自己的石油股份。2) 其他由hold構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：hold back (from sth.) 退縮；躊躇hold sb./sth. back 阻止；扣?。灰种苃old out 維持；保持；抵抗hold up 阻礙；延誤；搶劫【活學(xué)活用】5. 用以上詞組的正確形式填空1) They managed to _ until help arrived.答案：hold on2) I would _ the house for the time being.答案：hold on to3) He bravely _ his tears.答案：held back 4) We can stay here for as long as our supplies _.答案：hold out give way (to)妥協(xié)；屈服【經(jīng)典例句】He was always with us and never gave way to disappointment, even when the ship sank.他對(duì)我們總是很坦誠(chéng)，他從不灰心喪氣，即便是在船沉的時(shí)候?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1) give way還可表示“讓位；轉(zhuǎn)為；被代替”。如：The storm gave way to bright sunshine.暴風(fēng)雨過(guò)后出現(xiàn)了燦爛的陽(yáng)光。2) 同義詞組：give in to sb./sth. 屈服；讓步；投降【活學(xué)活用】6. 翻譯句子1) 讓右方駛來(lái)的車輛先行。_答案：Give way to traffic coming from the right.2 )那女孩陷于絕望。_答案：The girl gave way to despair.3 )冬天過(guò)后，春天來(lái)了。_答案：Winter gave way to spring.give off 散發(fā)出：發(fā)出；放出【經(jīng)典例句】When wine is fermented it gives off bubble of gas.酒發(fā)酵時(shí)會(huì)放出氣泡?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1) 同義詞組：give out放出；發(fā)出；公布；用完；耗盡；分發(fā)2) 注意二者的區(qū)別：give off常用于煙、氣體、氣味；give out常用于光、熱、聲響。【活學(xué)活用】7. 用give off/give out的適當(dāng)形式填空1) This device _ flashes of light in the fog.2) The engine _ smoke and steam.3) Both my strength and money _.答案：1) gives out2) gives off3)gave outsuffer from 苦于；患病 【經(jīng)典例句】 I was suffering badly from sea sickness.我患了嚴(yán)重的暈船癥?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1) 反義詞：enjoy 享受2) suffer的同根詞：suffering n.(身體上、精神上)痛苦，苦惱；苦難，困難be about to do sth. 即將；就要【經(jīng)典例句】I was just about to ask you the same thing.我剛才正要問(wèn)你同一件事?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1) 常與when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。一般不與具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用，而be to do sth.則可以。2) 注意：be not about to do sth.意為“不打算；不愿意”。難句剖析拓展Our circumstances are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive.我們所處的環(huán)境是那么令人絕望以至于我們不敢肯定是否能活著回去?！酒饰觥?) 句中so.that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句；在狀語(yǔ)從句中it為形式主語(yǔ)，whether引導(dǎo)的句子為真正主語(yǔ)。2) alive在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。【拓展】形容詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常位于句首或句尾，用來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。Calling us calmly together, he made an urgent announcement that we must save only essential supplies before the ship sank, particularly the small boats, food, cooking equipment, candles, bedding and clothes.他鎮(zhèn)靜地把我們叫到一起，發(fā)布一條緊急通知：在船沉沒(méi)之前，我們必須留一些必需品，特別是小船、食品、炊具、蠟燭和被褥。【剖析】1) 句中that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明announcement的內(nèi)容。2) calling us calmly together 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 after he called.。3) particularly the small boats，food，cooking.and clothes補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明essential supplies。【拓展】現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常位于句首或句尾，表示時(shí)間、伴隨、原因、結(jié)果等。We who remained on Elephant Island swore that we would do as he advocated：Remain optimistic and recover our health before he returned to rescue us.我們這些留在象島等待的人都發(fā)誓我們要按他主張的那樣去做：在他回來(lái)之前保持樂(lè)觀、恢復(fù)健康。【剖析】1) who.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾we。一般來(lái)說(shuō)當(dāng)先行詞為表示人的單獨(dú)一個(gè)代詞或名詞時(shí)用who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2) that we would do as he advocated 作swore的賓語(yǔ)。3) as he advocated作方式狀語(yǔ)從句。【拓展】as 還可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間、原因、比較、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。The danger of what lay ahead of them, the chances of them ever returning to find us, the fear that we might never know their fate and possible delays, at first made us feel low and discouraged.擺在他們面前的危險(xiǎn)，他們回來(lái)找到我們的機(jī)會(huì)，我們可能永遠(yuǎn)不曉得他們的命運(yùn)所來(lái)帶來(lái)的恐懼以及可能的耽擱，起初使我們感到情緒低落，信心不足?！酒饰觥?) 句中the danger.，the chances.，the fear.，possible delays是并列關(guān)系，同時(shí)作made的主語(yǔ)。2) 句中the chances of them ever returning.一句中，them作returning的形式主語(yǔ)。3) that we might never know their fate作fear的同位語(yǔ)?！就卣埂縿?dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)除了使用代詞賓格外，還可以使用形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格形式。語(yǔ)法剖析活用現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞在句中作定語(yǔ)以及定語(yǔ)從句之用法本單元學(xué)習(xí)的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目是定語(yǔ)，能夠作定語(yǔ)的有名詞、形容詞、代詞及其詞組；不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞和從句。我們重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)一下現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)從句。1. 作定語(yǔ)用的現(xiàn)在分詞如果是單詞，一般放在被修飾詞的前面；如果是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，則放在被修飾詞后面，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：This is a very interesting book.這是一本很有趣的書(shū)。The girl standing (who is standing)there is my sister.站在那邊的女孩是我妹妹。The factory making(that makes)the pens is a small one.制造鋼筆的是一家小廠。2. 作定語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞，如果是單詞，一般放在被修飾詞的前面，一般與被修飾詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)完成關(guān)系，但有時(shí)只表示完成，不表被動(dòng)；過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，則放在被修飾詞的后面，與被修飾詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)、完成的關(guān)系。如：There are many fallen leaves on the ground.地上有許多落葉。This is a book written by a peasant.這是一本農(nóng)民寫(xiě)的書(shū)。My spoken English is no better than his.我和他的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)都不好。3. 定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞后，分為限制性和非限制性兩種。能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who，whom，whose，which，that等和關(guān)系副詞where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任句子成分。A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.字典是解釋詞語(yǔ)的書(shū)。The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring(which)he had lost on the train.那個(gè)年輕人領(lǐng)回了他在火車上丟失的金戒指，非常高興。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.正在和我父親握手的那個(gè)人是警察。【活學(xué)活用】8. 單項(xiàng)填空1) Tell the children _ there not to make so much noise.A. playB. playingC. to playD. played答案：B本句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)為tell sb. not to do sth.，所以空格處需要一個(gè)定語(yǔ)修飾children，children與play的關(guān)系為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。2) The _ look shows that he met a _ problem.A. puzzled；puzzledB. puzzling；puzzlingC. puzzled；puzzlingD .puzzling；puzzled答案：C現(xiàn)在分詞一般修飾人，過(guò)去分詞一般修飾物。 look在此意為“人的表情”。3) Did you go to the party _ on New Years Eve?A. heldB. holdC. to be heldD. being held答案：A本句的時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí)，即晚會(huì)已經(jīng)舉行了。過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)的和完成的含義。4) The television is a _ machine.A .newl