遼寧省營(yíng)口市高考英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解、短文填單詞類訓(xùn)練題（10）.doc

遼寧營(yíng)口市2014高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解、短文填單詞類訓(xùn)練題（10）及答案專題*主旨大意一、題型特點(diǎn)與解題技巧這類試題要求對(duì)文章的整體或局部（如段落）進(jìn)行分析、概括，歸納相關(guān)部分的中心大意(main idea)，選擇標(biāo)題（title），判斷作者的寫(xiě)作目的（purpose）等，旨在考查考生加工與濃縮信息的能力。這一項(xiàng)考查的是文章的靈魂與中心。一、常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題形式有：(1)the subject/topic of the article is (2)which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?(3)what does the passage/author mainly discuss?(4)which of the following is the best title of the passage?二、應(yīng)試技巧1.開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山, 提出主題。開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山, 提出主題，隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想，是最常 見(jiàn)的演繹法寫(xiě)作方式，分清main idea 和 supporting sentences。英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中的許多文章都屬于“觀點(diǎn)論證型”和“現(xiàn)象解釋型”的文章，而這兩類文章常常采取的是“一般到具體”的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)模式。也就是說(shuō)這類文章往往開(kāi)宗明義，文章伊始就要擺明描述的主要對(duì)象或論述的主要觀點(diǎn)。 an increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to (歸因于) the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works. applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this january, according to ucas, the universities and colleges admissions service. a spokesman for the royal economic society said applications to do economics at a-level were also up. whats the main idea of the text? a. universities have received more applications. b. economics is attracting an increasing number of students c. college students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty. d. parents are concerned with childrens subject selection. ( 2009 山東) 2首段的末句和二段首句對(duì)于閱讀理解中的其他篇章結(jié)構(gòu)模式，如“問(wèn)題解決型”和“破舊立新型”的文章，文章的首段的末句或二段的首句就成了主題句高發(fā)出現(xiàn)點(diǎn)，特別是當(dāng)文章的首句后出現(xiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)折性的陳述，而所涉及的主體事物沒(méi)有發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變時(shí)，那么文章的主題句往往是轉(zhuǎn)折詞后出現(xiàn)的與首句相對(duì)立的結(jié)論。一般而言，作者常常藉用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞來(lái)引出文章或段落的主旨大意，該類型的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞有：but，yet，however。轉(zhuǎn)折連詞后面的內(nèi)容往往是作者真實(shí)的寫(xiě)作目的或基本觀點(diǎn)，而這又常是文章中心主旨的關(guān)鍵所在。relationships with family, friends, neighborsand even petswill all do the trick, but the biggest longevity(長(zhǎng)壽)boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. william farrs study and other studies show that _. a. social life proves an effective cure for illness b. being sociable helps improve ones quality of life c. women benefit more than men from marriage d. marriage contributes a great deal to longevity3歸納法先表述細(xì)節(jié), 后以結(jié)論、建議或結(jié)果來(lái)概括主題. 這是英語(yǔ)中最常見(jiàn)的歸納法寫(xiě)作方式。閱讀時(shí)要分清細(xì)節(jié)和結(jié)論a human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. in deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. mans games show how he can control his own body. no other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. therefore, man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him. whats the topic sentence of this passage?_4無(wú)主題句 無(wú)主題句即主題句隱含在全文中, 沒(méi)有明確的主題句. 必須根據(jù)文篇中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概念。必須注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過(guò)于寬泛，要恰如其分，同時(shí)注意高頻詞。 the marches were a happy family. poverty, hard work, and even the fact that father march was away with the union armies could not down the spirits of meg, jo, beth, amy and marmee, as the march girls called their mother. the march sisters tried to be good but had their share of fault. ., three years later the march girls had grown into young womanhood. mge became mrs. brooke,and .,., amy was asked to go and stay in europe with a relative of the marches. and so the little women had grown up and lived happily with their children, enjoying the harvest of love and goodness that they had devoted all their lives to. 來(lái)源:金太陽(yáng)新課標(biāo)資源網(wǎng) which of the following would be the best title for the passage? a. the march family b. the march parents c. the march girls d. the march relatives ( 2006 江蘇)5.文章標(biāo)題問(wèn)標(biāo)題的題也是一種主旨題，與主旨題的解題方法和技巧完全一樣。二者的差別主要體現(xiàn)于選項(xiàng)的形式：主旨題的答案通常以一句話表示，而問(wèn)標(biāo)題的答案大多為一個(gè)名詞詞組。最重要的是，標(biāo)題在內(nèi)容上必須而且只能反映文章的中心大意。這就要求選項(xiàng)的歸納范圍要恰如其分，既不能只提及文中的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，也不能將本文以外的內(nèi)容概括于其中，要善于識(shí)別本末倒置、主次不分、以點(diǎn)代面、以偏概全或者過(guò)度概括的干擾項(xiàng)。另外，標(biāo)題在形式上要新穎、醒目，能吸引讀者注意力，能喚起讀者對(duì)文章閱讀的興趣。 by day he is just a normal cat but when the lights go out, he glows in the dark. scientists have genetically modified a cat as part of an experiment that could lead to treatments for diseases. named mr green genes, he looks like a six-month-old cat but, under ultraviolet light, his eyes, gums and tongue glow green. that is the result of a genetic experiment at. which of the following might be the best title for the passage? a. a glowing cat b. mr. green genes c. one cats life d. an experiment of cats 6作者意圖態(tài)度作者意圖即寫(xiě)作目的與文章主題不同，但與它關(guān)系密切，所以也可以算作主旨題的一種變體。二者的異同可以從下面的對(duì)比中看出：文章主旨問(wèn)中心思想、文章大意，而寫(xiě)作目的則闡述文章為何表達(dá)這個(gè)中心思想，等于文章大意論述方法(或作者口吻)。文章大意可以根據(jù)前面所述的方法找到。理解文章的語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)，了解作者的態(tài)度意圖，文中的信息詞至關(guān)重要。信息詞包括關(guān)聯(lián)詞、副詞、形容詞，表示總結(jié)的介詞短語(yǔ)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等。關(guān)聯(lián)詞可以揭示文章各段落，句子之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，展示作者態(tài)度和意圖。常見(jiàn)的此類關(guān)聯(lián)詞有however，but，on the contrary，although，while等表示轉(zhuǎn)折，提示此信息于上文相反。還有表關(guān)聯(lián)的副詞：besides，moreover，furthermore，nevertheless等；解作者態(tài)度(attitude)或語(yǔ)氣(tone)題，關(guān)鍵在于把握作者對(duì)全文主體事物(與主題有關(guān))或某一具體事物的態(tài)度。確定作者態(tài)度，可以有兩種思路：?jiǎn)柸闹黧w事物的(包括主題)，可以根據(jù)闡述主題或有關(guān)主體事物的相關(guān)句中的形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞確定作者的態(tài)度；如果問(wèn)的是對(duì)某一具體事物的態(tài)度，則可以定位到具體相關(guān)句，然后確定答案。it was pleasant to sit out on deck and watch the scenery go by at about 3 mph. this morning we drove over to baccarat and toured its museum and the church, which has this unbelievable lamp that is going on a world tour the next day,.,.,., today we sailed from schneckenbush to saverne. we went through two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey. this river scenery is very different. what does the author think of the tour? a. tiring b. expensive c. enjoyable d. quick ( 2009寧夏)三、主旨大意題的干擾項(xiàng)（錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)）有3種：1.概括范圍太窄，只表達(dá)局部信息或某一細(xì)節(jié)，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意。2.概括范圍太寬，所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容超出或多于文章闡述的內(nèi)容。3.無(wú)關(guān)信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到語(yǔ)言依據(jù)的信息。*結(jié)束（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余項(xiàng)。if you are hungry, what do you do? have your favorite-meal and stay quiet after that?_ 71 but it never lets you know, because, you keep it busy thinking about your friends or favorite starsso it silently serves your needs and never lets itself growwhen mind loses its freedom to growcreativity sets a full stopthis might be the reason why we all sometimes think what happens next?, why cant i think? 72 why reading but not watching tv? it is because reading has been the most educative tool used by us right from childhoodsince it develops other aspects of our life, we have to take help from readingonce you read a book, you run your eyes through the lines and your mind tries to explain something to you 73 now this seed is unknowingly used by you to develop new ideasif it is used many times, the same seed can give you great help to relate a lot of things, which you would have never thought of in your wildest dreams!this is nothing but creativity 74 within no time you can start talking with your friends in english or any other language and never run out of the right wordsso guys, do give food for your thoughts by reading, reading and more reading 75 go and get a book!anow what are you waiting for?breading can help you make more friends, toocjust like your stomach, your mind is also hungrydwhy not do some reading while you are hungry?ealso this makes a significant contribution to your vocabularyfthe interesting part of the book is stored in your mind as a seedghunger of the mind can be actually solved through wide reading【答案】cgfea *結(jié)束任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。請(qǐng)將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。many students eat their breakfasts on the way to school or in the dinning-room. but some of them dont really know how to eat well when eating out.here is some important advice. the first is to eat less fast food. the most obvious harm of eating too much fast food is weight gaining because of too much fat. young people and adults are at risk of disease related to weight.too much fast food can drag your body down. french fries, for example, were recently found to contain much more acryl amide (丙烯酰胺) than other food. this may cause cancer. actually, deep fried food all contains acryl amide. so dont eat it too often.soda is another thing you should watch out for. cokes and other sodas contain a lot of sugar and can slow down a persons calcium absorption, so its best to drink as little soda as possible.food in the dinning-room may not be as tasty as fast food, but its actually easier to make healthy choices. human bodies need variety. you can have a dinner that balances lean proteins, vitamins and complex carbohydrates (碳水化合物). in other words, a meal with fish or meat, vegetables and some bread or rice will provide you with most nutrients that the body needs.some snacks, on the other hand, will help keep you going until your next big meal. it is natural for teenagers, especially boys, to feel hungry during school time. dont forget to take some foods, like whole-grain biscuits or low-fat milk in your school bag.title: advice on 76. _advicefoodcontents77. _kindeat less fast foodfrench fries and other deep 78. _ foodtoo much 79. _ acryl amidecause weight gaining cause 80. _unhealthy food81. _less sodasodaslots of sugarslow down 82. _ absorptionunhealthy foodeat in din-ning-roomfish or meat, vegetables and some bread or ricelean proteins, vitamins and complex 83. _provide most nutrients that the body needs84. _ foodtake some 85. _whole-grain biscuits orlow-fat milknot mentionedkeep you going until next big mealhealthy food參考答案76. breakfast 77. effect 78. fried79. fat 80. cancer 81. drink82. calcium 83. carbohydrates 84. healthy 85. snacks*結(jié)束高考任務(wù)型閱讀解題技巧高考考點(diǎn)分析 概括大意型閱讀最早由上海使用，2010年陜西省也開(kāi)始引用該題型。該題型是由六個(gè)選項(xiàng)和五個(gè)段落構(gòu)成。需要判斷段落主題的5個(gè)段落。通常段落長(zhǎng)度在45行之間。指定的段落中有些段落含有明顯的主題句，有些段落沒(méi)有明顯的主題句 段落主題需要考生自己總結(jié)概括。解題技巧一、 解題方向該題型的文章由若干段落組成，要求給每段話歸納段落大意，意即找出該段的中心思想或主旨。本題不是讓考生寫(xiě)出每段的段落大意，而是要求從列表中選擇。選項(xiàng)設(shè)置的數(shù)目多于文章中的段落數(shù)目，也就是說(shuō)有干擾選項(xiàng)。對(duì)于短文進(jìn)行概括是一個(gè)獲取信息、加工信息的過(guò)程，需要嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)乃季S和準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)能力，而且要使用自己的語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)。因此，“概括短文的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)”實(shí)為客觀簡(jiǎn)要地轉(zhuǎn)述作者的觀點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。二、解題步驟 每個(gè)選項(xiàng)最多只能用一次，也就是說(shuō)，兩個(gè)段落的段落大意不可能是一個(gè)選項(xiàng)。這是因?yàn)椴煌温涞闹黝}肯定不同，原文將它們?yōu)椴煌亩温?，就是要分別說(shuō)明不同的內(nèi)容。在解題時(shí)，可以按照下列步驟：1. 先看選項(xiàng)，尋找關(guān)鍵詞，確定所考段落這樣做題的好處有兩點(diǎn)：(1)尋找選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞，它有可能與某段的核心詞重合，如果重合，那該選項(xiàng)就可能是正確答案。 (2)讀文章的時(shí)候，不要一下子把文章讀完，而是讀一段話，做一道題。假如原文的第一段的小標(biāo)題已找到，那么，先讀第二段，然后到選項(xiàng)列表中找該段的小標(biāo)題。