遼寧省撫順市撫順縣高級中學高考英語一輪復習 語法專項 冠詞.doc

遼寧省撫順市撫順縣高級中學2013年高考英語一輪復習 語法專項 冠詞考點分析近幾年高考重點考查冠詞的基本用法，如對冠詞表泛指，特指的考查約占隊冠詞考查總量的70%以上，這反映了近幾年高考“回歸基礎(chǔ)”的特點。此外，對冠詞的習慣用法仍然是近幾年高考的考查重點之一，如：without a break(08全國)，hit him on the head(08浙江)冠詞定義：當代語法把冠詞分為不定冠詞、定冠詞和零冠詞（不用冠詞）三種。冠詞是一種虛詞，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定詞，放在名詞（或名詞化的形容詞分詞）前面，說明其所指的人或物考點一：不定冠詞的用法（a, an） 用來表示“一“這個數(shù)量，跟one差不多，但one側(cè)重于數(shù)量，而a/an側(cè)重于種類。 如：there is a book on the table. 指人或事物的某一種類。如：his father is a driver. longjing is a wonderful tea. 指某一個人或事物，但不具體說明。如：my sister was saved by a pla man in the fire. 用于某一些表示重量、長度、時間等單位前，表示“每一”。如：we have meals three times a day.經(jīng)典考題11. i earn 10 dollars _ hour as _ supermarket cashier on sundays.a. a; an b. the; a c. an; a d. an; the 表示同樣的。如：they are of an age.（他們是同歲。）=they are of the same age.使抽象名詞具體化。如：the little girl is a help to her mother. （a help譯幫手）經(jīng)典考題12.it is often said that _teachers have _very easy life. (2005北京卷)a. 不填；不填 b. 不填；a c. the； 不填 d. the；a 經(jīng)典考題13. if you grow up in _ large family, you are more likely to develop _ ability to get on well with _others. (05江西)a. /; an; the b. a ; the; / c. the; an; the d. a; the; the 經(jīng)典考題14. its _ good feeling for people admire the shanghai world expo that gives them _ pleasure.(2010福建) a. /; a b. a; / c. the; a d. a; the 當表示“季節(jié)，月份。日期，三餐”的名詞前有形容詞修飾且不是特指時。 we have never had such a hot august for years.we really had a wonderful breakfast this morning. 用在序數(shù)詞表示“又一，再一”的含義。i want to have a third cake because the second one is too small. 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word, have/catch a cold, have a gift for, have a word with, keep a diary, in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, for a while, once upon a time, all of a sudden, tell a lie, do sb. a favor, at a distance, have a population of, a waste of, a collection of, a matter of, as a result , as a matter of fact, pay a visit to, make/earn a living等等。“a most+ 形容詞” 表示 “很 ”. most 在句中不含最高級的概念，只用來加強語氣，是“很，非?！钡囊馑?，相當于very”. 注意與形容詞最高級進行對比。i had a most unpleasant time at the dentists.不定冠詞的特殊位置quite/rather+ a/an (+adj.)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞； what/ such/half+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞； so/as/too/how/however+adj. +a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞； he is as great a man as ever lived.however clever a student he is, he should follow the teachers instructions now.he is so kind a boy.考點二; 定冠詞的基本用法 表示上文提到過的人或事物。如: i have bought a book. the book is very useful. 用于說話人與聽話人心中都有數(shù)的人或事物。如： close the window, please. 用于表示世界上獨一無二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world 等。 用于表示方位的名詞之前。如： the east, the right. 用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級之前。如：the first, the tallest. 用于形容詞之前，使其名詞化，表示一類人。如： the sick, the wounded/injured 用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞之前。如：the united states; the united nation, the great wall 用于江河，海洋，海峽，山脈，群島，建筑物等的名詞之前。如：the changjiang river, the east lake 用于復數(shù)姓氏之前，表示“夫婦“或”全家“。如： the smiths 用于樂器的名詞前。如：play the piano, play the violin. 發(fā)明物前。如：the compass was invented in china. 年代名詞前。如：he lived in the countryside in the 1970s. 用在固定結(jié)構(gòu)“vt. +sb. +介詞+the+身體某部位”中take/grab/catch/grasp/pat/hit+sb. +介詞（by/in/on）+the+身體某一部位。 用在“by+the+計量單位名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“按.”by the month/week/day/hour 按月/周/天/小時 by the pound 按英鎊 by the foot/meter按英尺/米注意： by weight (按重量) by time (按時間) by length (按長度) 用在：the+比較級， the+比較級“結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“越越.”the harder you study, the better you will learn. 用于某些固定短語中 make the most of in the meantime in the end in the habit of in the distance in the way on the whole on the other hand at the same time at the moment go to the cinema/theatre the other day for the time being on the radio/ phone to tell the truth by the way in the morning/afternoon/evening經(jīng)典考題15. as is known to all, _ peoples republic of china is _ biggest developing country in the world. (2011陜西) a. the; / b. /; the c. the; the d. /; / 考點三、不用冠詞的情況： 不可數(shù)名詞，可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)表示泛指時。如：children love cartoons.（兒童喜歡卡通影片。） 不含普通名詞的專有名詞前。如：shanghai, mount tai 名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時。如：i like this picture; i do not have any money; as time went on, einsteins theory proved to be correct. 季節(jié)，月份， 星期等名詞前，一般不用冠詞。 如：she likes spring most.注意：如果要表示“某個：應用不定冠詞；或特指應用定冠詞。如：i am not exactly sure when he returned, but i am sure that he returned on a monday.the summer of this year is extremely hot. 呼語前不用冠詞。如：what shall i do next, mother?表示只有一人擔任的頭銜的名詞作表語，同位語，補足語時不用冠詞。如：lincoln was elected president of the united states. 三餐飯前不用冠詞。如：what did you have for lunch?（注意不定冠詞用法7） 節(jié)假日前不用冠詞。如：people give gifts to each other on christmas day. 球類和棋類運動的名稱前不用冠詞。如：she is good at playing chess. 學科的名稱前不用冠詞。 many students find english difficult to learn. 用在“by+名詞”表示運輸時。如：by ship/boat/taxi/air/plane/bike/bus/car/train/land/rail/等。 turn 表示“變?yōu)椋兂伞敝v時，后接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞做表語時，名詞前不加冠詞。如：his brother turned writer 10 years ago.= his brother became a writer 10 years ago. 在一些成對出現(xiàn)的短語中不用冠詞。arm in arm(手挽手)； hand in hand （手牽手）；side by side（肩對肩）; shoulder to shoulder (肩并肩)；day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨門挨戶）; from beginning to end（從頭到尾）; from morning till night（從早到晚）， step by step （一步一步地）等。 在一些固定短語中: at least/most; in spite of; in search of; in advance; in public; in case(of); in trouble; our of work; do harm to; make fun of; take part in 等等。經(jīng)典考題16. dr peter spence, _headmaster of the school, told us, “ _ fifth of pupils here go on to study at oxford and cambridge.” (2011四川) a. /; a b. /; the c. the; the d. a; a經(jīng)典考題17. in order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language.(09四川)a. the; a b. a; a c. the; the d. a; the有些詞組中，有沒有冠詞含義是不同的。in charge of 負責in the charge of 由.負責go to church 做禮拜go to the church 去教堂at times 有時at a time一次take place 發(fā)生take the place of代替go to school 去上學go to the school去某個學校a number of 大量，許多the number of 的數(shù)目out of question 毫無疑問out of the question不可能go to college上大學go to the college上某個大學have a word with sb.與某人說句話have words with sb. 與某人吵架on earth 究竟on the earth 在地球上go to prison入獄go to the prison去某監(jiān)獄two of them他們中的兩個the two of them他們倆（共兩個）in front of 在前面(范圍之外)in the front of在的前部（范圍之內(nèi)）in class在上課in the class在班中in hospital 住院in the hospital在那所醫(yī)院里leave school 輟學，畢業(yè)leave the school 離開學校經(jīng)典考題18. when he left_ college, he got a job as _reporter in a newspaper office.(2004天津卷) a .不填；a b.不填； the c. a; the d. the ;the 經(jīng)典考題19. this book tells_ life story of john smith, who left_ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.(2005遼寧卷) a. the ;the b. a ;the c. the ;不填 d. a ;不填經(jīng)典考題20. her husband was put into_ prison, and she has to go to _prison once a month to visit him. a. a ;the b. the;the c.不填；不填 d.不填；the （四）。普通名詞前使用冠詞的類指用法該考點在高考中命題并不算多?！癮/an+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞” “the+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞” “零冠詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞”都可以表示類指，（如： a horse is a useful animal.=the horse is a useful animal.= horses are useful animals. 馬是有用的動物。）但也有細微差別。 “the+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”指的是整個類別，這個類別是可以區(qū)別于另一個類別的。 the car goes faster than the bike.“a/an+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞” 側(cè)重于指類別中任何一個的特點。a tiger is a type of very large fierce wild cat that has yellow fur with black bands across.3. “零冠詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞”側(cè)重于指類別中的許多個體。farmers are busy in autumn.ihe tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.(不能說a tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.因為瀕臨滅絕指的是整個虎類，而不是任何一一只虎都面臨滅絕的危險。)經(jīng)典考題21. in many places in china, _bicycle is still _popularity means of transportation. (08 重慶) a. a; the b. /; a c. the; a d. the; the 經(jīng)典考題22. the biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long-the height of _ 9-story building. (09北京) a. the; the b. a; a c. a; the d. the; a 高考命題高頻點綜合近幾年各省市高考英語試題涉及冠詞的題目，通常重點考查的冠詞知識點如下：1. 冠詞基本用法； 2. 序數(shù)詞前冠詞用法； 3. 抽象名詞前不定冠詞的用法；4. 專有名詞前冠詞用法； 5. 比較等級前冠詞用法； 6. 一日三餐名詞前冠詞用法；下面對專有名詞前冠詞用法再次整理如下： 根據(jù)英語語法，專有名詞前不能使用任何冠詞的，但在某些特殊情況下，它也可以使用冠詞，命題者往往會針對一些在專有名詞前使用冠詞的特殊情況進行設(shè)題。1). 與表示人名的專有名詞連用，表示“一個叫.的人” “一個類似.的人” “ 的作品”等 a mr. smith phoned just now. the museum bought a rembrandt. 那家博物館買了一幅倫勃朗的畫作。2). 與表示地點的專有名詞連用（通常帶有描繪性定語）， 表示“一個.的地方”。in the near future you can see a new fushun. 在不久的將來，你會看到一個新的撫順。3) 與表示星期的專有名詞連用，表示“某一個”的意思。 christmas day falls on a monday. 4). 定冠詞用于姓氏的復數(shù)前，表示全家人或全家中兩個或兩個以上的人。the browns live next to us. 經(jīng)典考題23. experts think that _recently discovered painting may be _ picasso. (2011浙江卷) a. the ; 不填 b. a ;the c. a; 不填 d. the; a 經(jīng)典考題24. george couldnt remember when he first met mr. anderson, but he was sure it was _ sunday because everybody was at _ church. (07重慶)a. /; the b. the; / c. a; / d. /; a 2010-2012高考真題(2011見金版新學案)1. （2012全國二） he missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump. a. the; the b. /; a c. the; a d. a; /2. (2012四川) we are said to be living in _information age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes. a. an; the b. /; the c. /; a d. the; a 3.( 2012江西卷) the smiths dont usually stay at _ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea. a/; a bthe; the c/; the dthe; a4. (2012浙江卷) the development of industry has been_ gradual process throughout _ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.a. 不填, the b. the; a c. a; 不填 d. a; a5.(2012安徽卷) carl is studying _food science at college and hopes to open up _ meat processing factory of his own one day. a. / ； a b. / ；the c. the ; a d. the ; the 6. (2012重慶卷) sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of george. a. /; / b. the,/ c. the; the d. /; the7.(2012遼寧卷) i woke up with _ bad headache, yet by_ evening the pain had gone. a. the; the b. the; an c. a; the d. a; an8.( 2012全國新課程) sarah looked at _ finished painting with _satisfaction.a.不填；a b. a; the c. the; 不填 d. the; a9.( 2012山東) being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times. a. the; the b. a; a c. a; 不填 d. 不填；a 10. (2011重慶卷) in communication, a smile is usually _ strong sign of a friendly and _ o