初中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的解題技巧.docx

初中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的解題技巧閱讀理解也是中考英語(yǔ)題的必考題目之一，本題型旨在考查學(xué)生閱讀，理解的能力，幾年來(lái)，中考英語(yǔ)題中的閱讀理解材料新，題材豐富，考查學(xué)生綜合推斷能力，學(xué)生往往要么沒能正確理解語(yǔ)篇中某些句子的意思，在細(xì)節(jié)題上丟分，要么就是對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的整體把握不夠，在綜合題或者推斷題方面丟分。以下三個(gè)方面談?wù)撨@個(gè)問題：一、解題思路（一）先讀問題，弄清考查要點(diǎn)，以便能帶著問題看文章，心中有數(shù)，有的放矢。 （二）快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌，注意發(fā)現(xiàn)與問題有關(guān)的信息，如果時(shí)間緊，至少要掃視一下起首段和尾段。再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來(lái)想一想，這樣全文大意便清楚了。（三）細(xì)讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞，掌握短文細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1 抓住4W1H，就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記，把What (事件)，When（時(shí)間），Where（地點(diǎn)），Why（原因），How（經(jīng)過(guò)）劃出來(lái)。抓住了四個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的問題便可解決。 2抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語(yǔ)等。因?yàn)檫@些詞具有因果，讓步，遞進(jìn)，轉(zhuǎn)折，指代，列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。這對(duì)考生分清文章層次，辨明各種關(guān)系，了解人物心理，推斷作者意圖，進(jìn)行邏輯推理等手段來(lái)分析難點(diǎn)，都具有舉足輕重的作用。 3 注意領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的寓意。 4根據(jù)題意，初選答案。這一步須仔細(xì)審題，領(lǐng)會(huì)測(cè)試要求，確定解題方法。對(duì)那些明顯的，有把握的題可以斷然確定，不必把其余三個(gè)答案再作推敲而浪費(fèi)時(shí)間：有些略難的題，應(yīng)再查閱短文（不是重讀一遍），迅速找出依據(jù)，予以排除。常用的解題方法有如下幾種： 直接解題法。即從原文中直接找出答案。 歸納解題法。對(duì)于不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下進(jìn)行概括、歸納得出正確答案。 綜合推理法。讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文，認(rèn)真分析，綜合推理及至計(jì)算，最后歸納出正確答案。 捕捉關(guān)鍵詞。在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)該注意與問題相關(guān)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來(lái)得出正確答案。 轉(zhuǎn)換解題法。即原文這么說(shuō)，而在問題和所給選項(xiàng)中則用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說(shuō)法，但仍表示同一含義。 排除法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)言，句法結(jié)構(gòu)，信息詞和常識(shí)，在沒有把握的選項(xiàng)中用排除法得出正確答案。 四、重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對(duì)答案。再將原文讀一遍；用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題,目的在于對(duì)所做答案進(jìn)一步審查，推出未解答的題，以便減少失誤。二、題型分類英語(yǔ)閱讀理解往往有以下三大題型，抓住它的解法和思路，就可以順利做好這些題目：（一）選擇符合文章的選項(xiàng)（二）判斷正誤（三）根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容回答問題，現(xiàn)今該題型歸納在任務(wù)型閱讀中，此處不做詳解。典型例題分析閱讀理解訓(xùn)練(一)（A）Dick lived in England. One day in January he said to his wife, Im going to fly to New York next week because Ive got some work there. Where are you going to stay there? his wife asked. I dont know yet. Dick answered. Please send me your address from there in a telegram, his wife said. All right, Dick answered. He flew to New York on January 31st and found a nice hotel in the center of the city. He put his things in his room and then he sent his wife a telegram. He put the address of his hotel in it. In the evening he didnt have any work, so he went to a cinema. He came out at nine oclock and said, Now I should return to my hotel and have a nice dinner. He found a taxi and the driver said, Where do you want to go? But Dick didnt remember the name and address of his hotel. Which hotel are my things in? he said, And what am I going to do tonight? But the driver of the taxi did not know. So Dick got out and went into a post office. There he sent his wife another telegram, and in it he wrote, _根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。( ) 1. The underlined word “return” in the passage most probably means _. A. go back B. give back C. come back( ) 2. Dick flew to New York because _.A. he went there for a holiday B. he had work there C. his home was there( ) 3. Why did his wife want a telegram from him?A. Because she didnt know his address. B. Because she wanted to go to New York, too.C. Because she couldnt leave her husband by himself in New York.( ) 4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE? A. Dick stayed at a nice hotel in the center of the city. B. Dick didnt work on the first night of his arrival. C. Dick forgot to send his wife a telegram.( ) 5. “_” can be the missing sentence in the passage.A. I will have a nice dinner with you, dear.B. Please send me my address at this post office.C. Look after yourself well at home(B)THE LATEST FILMS IN DIFFERENT CINEMASFilm Mr. Peabody ShermanThe Monuments MenBlack Coal, Thin IceBoonie Bears: To the RescueCinemaHua Chen CinemaWan Da CinemaHarbin CinemaChildrens CinemaDirectorRob MinkoffGeorge ClooneyDiao YinanDing LiangTime13 : 40 15 : 128 : 00 9 : 4811 : 00 12 : 46 14 : 00 15 : 35Price ()45555025根據(jù)表格所提供的信息選擇最佳答案。( ) 6. In the above tables which film is the most expensive? A. Mr. Peabody Sherman B. The Monuments Men C. Boonie Bears: To the Rescue( ) 7. Xiao Ming is 10 years old, he finishes school at 13:40. Which film can he watch? A. Mr. Peabody Sherman B. The Monuments Men C. Boonie Bears: To the Rescue( ) 8. If you only have 80 yuan and you want to see two films and buy something to eat during watching. Which two you will choose? A. Mr. Peabody Sherman and Boonie Bears: To the Rescue B. The Monuments Men and Black Coal, Thin Ice C.The Monuments Men and Boonie Bears: To the Rescue ( ) 9. If you want to see a Chinese film which one do you want to choose? A. Mr. Peabody Sherman B. The Monuments Men C. Black Coal, Thin Ice ( ) 10. Which is TRUE according to the chart? A. Boonie Bears: To the Rescue is the cheapest of all B. The Monuments Men is directed by a Chinese director C. People can see the movie Mr. Peabody Sherman at Harbin Cinema(C)In the morning, we went camping along a path in Green Natural Park. We were happy because it was a sunny day. We were expecting an enjoyable two - day holiday. On the way, we kept singing and making jokes.However, in the afternoon, when we finished our picnic at one oclock, it was dark and windy. Soon, there was a shower. Unluckily, none of us brought an umbrella. We ran about but we could find no place to hide.Twenty minutes passed and it was still raining. There were hours to go before we reached the camp site (營(yíng)地). It was even worse that our small compass showed that we went to the wrong way. We had lost our way!We had to make a quick decision as it was raining heavily. Chris said we could set up a tent to hide in, so Mary and Tom helped to set up the tent. Chris and I tried to make a fire to keep us warm. But we were unable to light the fire, as everything was wet. We dried ourselves, chatted and waited inside the tent. At about five oclock, it stopped raining. We decide to give up the camping trip because all of us had been very tired.This camping trip may not be very successful but we know each other better. And the most important thing Ive learned from this trip is the importance of team spirit. 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷正、誤。（注意：正確的填“A”，錯(cuò)誤的填“B”）( ) 11. The writer went camping for an enjoyable two - hour holiday.( ) 12. It was even worse that they had no food to have a picnic.( ) 13. Chris suggested that they should set up a tent in the rain.( ) 14. From the passage we know they ran about to dry themselves.( ) 15. We know that the writer has learned the importance of working together from the trip.(D)The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, many moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.Air pollution is still the most serious. Its bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal (煤) in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air.Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. If there are less people who drive, we will make our world less polluted.The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in population at the same time.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。( ) 16. From the passage we know that _ kinds of pollution mentioned in the passage. A. two B. three C. four( )17. The underlined word “means” in the passage means “_” in Chinese. A. 意義 B. 方式 C. 含義( ) 18. From the passage we know that _ is not a kind of pollution in our life. A. B. C.( ) 19. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. We dont have to take care of the rise in population at the same time. B. Life hundreds of years ago is much easier than today. C. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water.( ) 20. The best title for this passage should be _. A. TECHNOLOGY AND POLLUTION B. THE EARTH, THE MOON AND THE SUN C. WAER, AIR AND SOUND訓(xùn)練(二)（A）One evening, it was raining and the wind was blowing hard. An old couple came to a small hotel and wanted to stay there for the night. A young man welcomed them warmly, but said “Im sorry! Our rooms here are all full and the hotels nearby are all full too, for there will be an important meeting held here tomorrow.”Hearing the young mans words, the old couple felt very disappointed, and turned around to leave.Just as they were leaving, the young man came up to them and stopped them: “Madam and sir, if you dont mind, you can sleep in my bedroom for a night”The next morning, the old couple took out lots of money to give it to the young man, but he refused to take it.“No! You neednt pay me any money, for I only lend my room to you.” said the young man with a smile on his face.“Youre great, young man! Its very kind of you. Maybe one day, Ill build a hotel for you!” said the old man. With these words, the old couple left. The young man only laughed and went on working.Several years later, the young man got a letter from the old couple, inviting him to go to Manhattan. The young man met the old couple in front of a five-star hotel.“Do you still remember what I said to you several years ago? Look! _” said the old man. Soon, the young man became the manager of the hotel.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。( ) 1. The underlined word “couple” in the passage most probably means _.A. family B. husband and wife C. double( ) 2. Its clear that _. A. all the hotels were too small B. a meeting would be held C. the rooms were very dirty ( ) 3. The young man only laughed because he thought_. A. he didnt like the gift B. the old man was too poor C. the couple thought too much of it ( ) 4. Which of the following is TURE? A. We should be kind-hearted to others. B. Wed better be polite to old couples. C. Old couples are rich to help young people. ( ) 5. “_” can be the missing sentence in the passage. A. This is the hotel that I built for you! B. Here is all the money for you! C. We rebuilt your hotel for you!(B)NameCao XueqinBing XinWilliamShakespeareAesopAge1715 - 17631900 - 19991564 - 1616620BC 560BCWhat is famous forNovelsChildrens worksPoems and playsStoriesWorksDream of Red ChamberStars and Spring WaterHamletRomeo and JulietAesops Fables根據(jù)表格所提供的信息選擇最佳答案。( ) 6. Cao Xueqin was _ years old when he died. A. fifty eight B. forty eight C. thirty eight( ) 7. William Shakespeare was famous for his _. A. novels B. stories C. poems and plays( ) 8. _ famous works are Stars and Spring Water. A. Cao Xueqins B. Bing Xins C. Aesops( ) 9. _ lived in the oldest time. A. Aesop B. Cao Xueqin C. William Shakespeare( ) 10. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the form? A. Bing Xin lived 50 yers longer than Cao Xueqin B. William Shakespeare died in 1616. C. The writer of klHamlet is William Shakespeare.(C)One afternoon, I took a trip to an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting. I was looking forward to watching some great paintings quietly.A young couple (夫妻) was talking loudly while they are looking at the paintings in front of me. I watched them a moment. I felt bored because of their talking about the art. So I moved on.I met them several times as I moved through those rooms of art. Each time I heard her voice, I moved away at once.I was standing at the museum shop buying some post - cards when the couple walked to the exit.“Hes a brave man,” said the shop assistant. “Most of us would give up if we were blinded at such a young age. But he and his wife come in whenever theres a new art show.”It explained the talk! A sudden sense of shame (羞愧) came to my heart for what I was thinking just now. “But what does he get out of the art?” I asked.“His wife describes each painting so he can see it in his head.”I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person who cant see the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness change his love towards art. And I felt the love shared by the two as I watched them walking away holding each others hands.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷正、誤。（注意：正確的填“A”，錯(cuò)誤的填“B”）( ) 11. The writer feel bored in the beginning when hearing the womans talking.( ) 12. The writer wanted to enjoy some great paintings with her husband.( ) 13. The woman kept talking when she and her husband bought some postcards.( ) 14. The man had to explain each painting to his blind wife.( ) 15. The passage shows us patience, courage and love.(D)There have been many6 great inventions that have changed the way we live. the first great invention was one that is still very important today - the wheel. This made it easier to carry heavy things and to travel long distances. For hundreds of years after that, there were few inventions that had as much effect as the wheel did.In the second half of the 19th century, many great inventions were made. among them were the camera, the light and the radio. These are all a big part of our lives today. In the first half of the 20th century, we saw more great inventions. For example, the helicopter in 1909, movies with sound in 1926, the computer in 1928, and jet planes in 1930. This was also a time when a new material was first made. Nylon was made in 1935. It changed the kinds of clothes people wore.By this time, most people had a very good life. People had a desire to explore the world again. People knew a lot about the earth, but they didnt know much about the universe. They began looking for ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then the United States took the second step. Since then other countries, including China and Japan have done so too.In 1969, man took his biggest step from the earth. Two Americans walked on the moon. This is certainly just the beginning, too. New inventions will some day allow us to do things we have never yet dreamed of.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。( ) 16. The underlined word “universe” in the passage means “_” in Chinese.A. 全人類 B. 星球 C. 宇宙( ) 17. The wheel _.A. isnt very important todayB. made it easier to carry heavy thingsC. changed the way people think( ) 18. According to the time that things were invented, _ shows the right order. a b cA. a b c B. b a c C. a c b( ) 19. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A. The helicopter was invented in the 19th century. B. Four countries that have taken steps in space research are mentioned in the passage. C. Nylon changed the kinds of clothes people wore.( ) 20. The best title for this passage would be _.A. GO INTO THE SPACE B. GREAT INVENTIONS C. GREAT INVENTORS訓(xùn)練(三)（A） Jess really felt very happy. When he arrived at his seat in the classroom that morning, he found an invitation on his desk. It was from several of his classmates asking him to join them on a camping trip. This was the first time he was asked to join in an out-of-school activity. Why were they asking him now? Nobody seemed to like him. In fact, he was always being so lonely that he drowned (淹沒) his feeling with food. As a result, he came to put on a lot of weight, and this gave the kids something more to make fun of him.Cindy, who was standing near Jess when he read the invitation, went out quickly to say, “_ ” Everyone was pleased that Jess thought that was true. But there was no camping trip. The whole thing was made up. At first，Cindy thought it was funBut later, when Jess told her that he was going to buy a sleeping bag with his savings, Cindy had a second idea. She knew that Jesss family had little money, and she hated to see him spend his savings on something he would never use. Cindy also hated to tell Jess the truth. Her close friends would be angry with her. What could she do now?根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。( ) 1. The underlined words “make fun of” in the passage most probably means _.A. be proud of B. make friends with C. laugh at( ) 2. What would happen if Cindy told Jess the truth?A. Jess would go on the camping trip himself.B. Jess would be thankful to his classmates.C. Cindy might have trouble with her friends.( ) 3. If Jess really bought a sleeping bag, _.A. everyone else would also buy oneB. it would be the best in the classC. he would have it for no use( ) 4. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Everybody would go camping in the classB. Jess had few friends in the classC. Jess joined in many out-of-school activities( ) 5. “_” can be the missing sentence in the passage.A. Its time for us to get ready for our camping trip. B. We are not supposed to do so.C. The trick was working.(B)Sanya Sports CenterSportsSurfingSwimmingDivingBoatingPriceBoard hire $ 15an hour with instructionFor free$ 25 per half day$ 12 per half an hourOpening timeBoards must be ret