2019高考英語重難增分篇第二講非謂語動詞課件新人教版.ppt

第二講非謂語動詞第一課時知識過關(guān)課,復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞還需掌握以下幾點：1句法作用(除謂語外的其他成分),2.時態(tài)和語態(tài)(以do為例),時態(tài)與語態(tài)的判斷方法：,3非謂語動詞的邏輯主語,4.有特殊要求的動詞或動詞短語,(1)有的動詞后只能用不定式而不能接動名詞作賓語。如ask，demand(要求)，plan，intend，mean(計劃)，manage，do/tryonesbest，makeanattempt，learn(學(xué)習(xí))，wish，hope，desire，expect，long，want，wouldlike，shouldlike，wouldprefer(希望、愿意)，agree，promise(同意)，decide，determine，choose，makeadecision，makeuponesmind(決定)，offer(主動提出)，apply(申請)，help(幫助)，fail(不能、沒有)，prepare(準(zhǔn)備)，pretend(假裝)，refuse(拒絕)，happen(碰巧)，afford(負擔(dān)得起)等。,(2)有的動詞或動詞短語后只能用動名詞而不能接不定式。如allow，permit(允許)，consider(考慮)，suggest，advise(建議)，keep(on)(反復(fù)；不停)，finish(完成)，imagine(想象)，practise(練習(xí))，understand(明白)，appreciate，enjoy(喜歡)，miss(錯過；懷念)，prevent(阻止)，forbid(禁止)，escape(避免)，include(包括)，forgive，pardon，excuse(原諒)，dislike(厭惡)，discuss(討論)，report(報道)，admit(承認)，mind(介意)，risk(冒險)，cantstand(不能忍受)，burstout(突然開始)，feellike(想要)，insiston(堅持)，delay(推遲，延誤)，putoff(推遲)，giveup(放棄)，bebusy(忙于)，beworth(值得)等。,(3)下列動詞和短語動詞后接不定式和接動名詞意義不同：remembertodo(記住去做)，rememberdoing(記得做過)；forgettodo(忘記去做)，forgetdoing(忘記做過)；regrettodo(遺憾地做)，regretdoing(后悔做了)；trytodo(設(shè)法做)，trydoing(試做)；goontodo(接著做另一事)，goondoing(繼續(xù)做同一事)；meantodo(打算做)，meandoing(意味著)；stoptodo(停下來去做)，stopdoing(停止做)；canthelptodo(不能幫助做)，canthelpdoing(情不自禁做)。,(4)在介詞后一般用動名詞，下面是一些含介詞的固定句式(其中有的介詞有時會被省略)：prevent/stop/keep.fromdoing(阻止做)；spend/wastetimeormoneyindoing(在做方面花費/浪費時間或金錢)；How/Whataboutdoingsth(做怎么樣？)；havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing(在做方面有些困難)；haveahardtimeindoingsth(做某事很艱難)；thereisnosenseindoing(做是沒有理由/道理的)；thank/excuse/admire/praise/blame/scold/punishsbfordoingsth(因做某事而感謝/原諒/羨慕/表揚/責(zé)備/責(zé)罵/懲罰某人)等。,(5)to是介詞的固定詞組很多，常見的有：lookforwardto(盼望)，devote.to/bedevotedto(致力于)，be/getusedto(習(xí)慣)，leadto(導(dǎo)致)，getdownto(開始認真)，payattentionto(注意)，referto(談到)，pointto(指向)，turnto(轉(zhuǎn)向)，objectto(反對)，beequalto(等于，能勝任)，belongto(屬于)等。(6)在表示“需要”的need，want，require等后用v.-ing的主動式表示被動含義，此時也可用不定式的被動式。,(7)在make，let，have(使，讓)等使役動詞后作賓補的不定式要省略不定式符號to，但在被動語態(tài)后作主補時要加上to。在hear，see，watch等感官動詞后，作賓補時，用原形表示動作全過程；用現(xiàn)在分詞表示當(dāng)時動作正在發(fā)生；若是被動語態(tài)，原形前要加上to。此外，表示情感的動詞，其分詞作形容詞用時，v.-ing表示“令人的”事物；v.-ed表示“感到的”。如：surprising令人吃驚的(事物)；surprised(人)感到吃驚的。,讀語篇，悟語法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文，留意領(lǐng)悟黑體畫線的非謂語動詞。思考：是哪類非謂語動詞，在句中作什么成分。Goodafternoon，Ladiesandgentlemen.Itisagreathonorformetointroduce1thisEnglishspeechcontest.Asweallknow，tomaster2aforeignlanguageisveryimportantforus.Takingpart3inEnglishspeechisahelpfulwaytolearnEnglish4Everyonewantstoshow5theirbest.Whenwehavebeenpreparingforit，wecanimproveourlisteningandspeaking6ability，developing7agoodhabitoflearningEnglish8,Intheprocessofthepetition，youshouldpayattentiontotherulesmadebyus9First，youshouldmakeyourvoiceheard10clearlybyeveryone，soreadingaloud11isverynecessary.Second，youshouldtryyourbesttoexpress12yourselfinEnglishfluently.Finally，youshouldfinishyourspeechinfiveminutes.IamsuretheEnglishspeechpetitionwillbeagreatsuccessandtheaudiencewillfeelsatisfied13withourperformance.Thankyou!,1tointroducethisEnglishspeechcontest是不定式作真正的主語，it是形式主語。2tomasteraforeignlanguage也是不定式作主語。3TakingpartinEnglishspeech是動名詞短語作主語。4tolearnEnglish是不定式作定語，修飾way。5toshowtheirbest是不定式作賓語，在want，hope，decide等動詞后，若用動詞作賓語，只能用不定式。6listeningandspeaking是動名詞作定語，修飾ability，表示類別。,7developingagoodhabitoflearningEnglish是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。8learningEnglish是動名詞短語作介詞of的賓語。9madebyus是過去分詞短語作后置定語。10heardclearlybyeveryone是過去分詞短語作賓補。11readingaloud是動名詞短語作主語。12toexpressyourselfinEnglishfluently是不定式作目的狀語。13satisfied是過去分詞作形容詞，在句中作表語，意為“感到滿意的”。,.單句填空(用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)1Marywillneverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday，_(wear)sunglasses.2Inoticedaman_(sit)atthefront.3Hespatitout，_(say)itwasawful.4Shewishedthathewasaseasy_(please)ashermother，whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.5Forexample，theproverb，“pluckingupacrop_(help)itgrow”，isbasedonthefollowingstory.,wearing,sitting,saying,toplease,tohelp,6Simonmadeabigbamboobox_(keep)thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.7Hisfirstbook_(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.8Lydiadoesntfeellike_(study)abroad.Herparentsareold.9Sarahpretendedtobecheerful，_(say)nothingabouttheargument.10Ihadgreatdifficulty_(find)thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.11Itrainedheavilyinthesouth，_(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.12Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand_(weigh)lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.,tokeep,tobepublished,studying,saying,finding,causing,weighing,13Icantstand_(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.14Asaresultoftheseriousflood，twothirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed_(repair)15Isntittimeyougotdownto_(mark)thepapers?16Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.17TsinghuaUniversity，_(found)in1911，ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.,working,tostop,repairing/toberepaired,marking,setting,founded,18LiJianputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself_(remind)ofhisowndreams.19_(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie，Andyhadgotachancetobeefamous.20Clairehadherluggage_(check)anhourbeforeherplaneleft.21Alexandertriedtogethiswork_(recognize)inthemedicalcircles.22Agreatnumberofstudents_(question)saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.,reminded,Offered,checked,recognized,questioned,.單句改錯(下列每句中最多有兩處錯誤，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請指出并改正。),動詞不定式,1Hemanagedescapefromthefire._2Nothingwillmakemetochangemymind._3Marydoesnthavetobemadelearnbecauseshealwaysworkshard._4Hehurriedtothetrainstation，onlyfindthetrainhadgone._5Tiredfromwork，hewantstodonothingbuttowatchTV._6Atpresent，Ihavenochoicebutwait._,在manage后加to,去掉to,在bemade后加to,在find前加to,去掉watch前的to,在but后加to,7Youfeelstressedout.Whynothavingachatwithourteachers？_8Idontthinkitpossibletomasteringaforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork._9Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore，soIknowwhatexpectinmynewjob._10Allofyoucanhaveanothertryifyouwant._,havinghave,masteringmaster,在expect前加to,在want后加to,11Inourcity，therearealotofrestaurantsthatservingwesternfood._12Youcantimaginehowexciteditistolistentotopscientistssharetheirpredictiononwhattheworldwillbelikeinacentury._13Sitbesideme，mybeloveddaughtergavemeavividdescriptionofwhatsheexperiencedinherdream._14Wewerekepttowaitingforquitealongtimebeforethehostturnedup._15OntheDragonBoatFestival，wesawtheseashorecrowdedwithpeoplewatchedthedragonboatrace._,動詞-ing形式,去掉that/servingserve,excitedexciting,SitSitting,去掉waiting前的to,watchedwatching,16Itisnogoodcopytheanswerwithouttryingtounderstandit._17Missingthetrainmeanwaitingforanotherhour._18Themajorityofthepeoplequestionedinanonlinesurveyareopposedtoincreaseretirementage._19Asasenior3studentpreparingfortheingtest，hespendsmostofhistimeimprovethisproblemsolvingability._20Itisreportedthatthehurricanecausedgreatdamagetotheconstructionsofthetown，withtensofhundredsofhousesdestroyedbythefallentrees._,copycopying,meanmeans,increaseincreasing,improveimproving,fallenfalling,21NowwhenpeoplerefertoEnglandyoufindWalesincludingaswell._22Exhausting，Islidintobedandfellfastasleep._23Thepaintingsbeingstolenfromthemuseumhaventbeenfound._24Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstyingbehind._25Mr.Smith，tiredoftheboredspeech，startedtoreadanovel._26Seeingfromthespace，theearthlooksblue._,動詞-ed形式,includingincluded,ExhaustingExhausted,去掉stolen前的being,tyingtied,boredboring,SeeingSeen,27Thearchitectsinvitingbythekingthoughthighlyofthebridgebuilt，andgavemoresuggestionsbeforeitwasfinished._28Keepinrefrigerator，thesevegetableswillremainfresh._29Doyouthinktheworkerscangetthejobfinishingontime？_30Wehearitsayfrequentlythatwhatnowpeoplemostdesireissecurity._,invitinginvited；在built前加being,KeepKept,finishingfinished,saysaid,.語篇填空(用所給動詞的正確形式填空)1_(fall)inlovewithabeautifullady，alionwenttoherparentsandaskedthem2._(marry)hertohim.Theoldparentsdidnotknowwhattosay.Not3._(hope)togivetheirdaughtertothelion，theydidnotwant4._(anger)thekingofbeasts.Atlastthefathersaid，“Weareglad5._(marry)ourdaughtertoyou，butwefearthatyoumightpossiblyhurther.So6._(remove)yourclawsandteeth，youcanmarryher.”,7_(love)theladyverymuch，theliontrimmed(修剪)hisclawsandtookouthisbigteeth.8._(e)totheparentsagain，hewassimplylaughedinhisface.9._(beat)outofthehouse，thelionfelt10._(depress)anddiedsoon.,【語篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一則有深刻意義的寓言故事。寓意：有些人輕易相信別人的話，拋棄自己的長處，結(jié)果輕而易舉地被原來害怕自己的人擊敗了。1Fallingalion與fall是主動關(guān)系，用v.ing形式作狀語，表示原因。2tomarryasksbtodosth，不定式作賓補。3hopingthey與hope是主動關(guān)系，用v.ing形式作狀語，表示讓步，相當(dāng)于Althoughtheydidnthopeto.4toangerwant后只能用不定式作賓語，意為“不想激怒百獸之王”。5tomarry在作表語的形容詞glad后作狀語，表示原因，只能用不定式。,6removingyou與remove是主動關(guān)系，用v.ing形式作狀語，表示條件，相當(dāng)于ifyouremove.。7Lovingthelion與love是主動關(guān)系，用v.ing形式作狀語，表示原因。8Cominghe與e是主動關(guān)系，用v.ing形式作伴隨狀語。9Beatenthelion與beat是被動關(guān)系，用v.ed形式作狀語，表示原因。10depressed表示獅子“感到沮喪的”，用v.ed形式作表語。,第二課時高考研究課,非謂語動詞在語法填空中的考查點,規(guī)律方法,“4步法”輕松搞定語法填空第一步：利用“有無連詞”原則確定是謂語還是非謂語分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷出句子的主干主語和謂語。如果題線處作謂語，則要用謂語動詞；如果題線處不作謂語，則要用非謂語動詞。第二步：根據(jù)句意和作用確定句子成分根據(jù)句意和題線處在句子中的位置和作用，確定其所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?，從而確定空格內(nèi)所需填入的非謂語動詞的形式。,第三步：根據(jù)與邏輯主語的關(guān)系確定語態(tài)如果非謂語動詞表示的動作與其邏輯主語之間為主謂關(guān)系，則用v.-ing形式或不定式的主動式；若為動賓關(guān)系，則用v.-ing形式的被動式、不定式的被動式或過去分詞。第四步：根據(jù)與謂語動詞的先后關(guān)系確定時態(tài)非謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前用過去分詞或不定式的完成式；如果非謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之后用不定式或v.-ing形式的一般式。,1Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，_(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.(2017全國卷)2Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired_(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.(2017全國卷),layinglaying和句中的diggingup,building并列，作include的賓語。,真題驗證1,toprocessrequiresbtodosth要求某人做某事。,3Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by_(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(2017全國卷)4Butunlikeherschoolfriends，16yearoldSarahisnotspendinghalfterm_(rest)Instead,sheisearning6，500adayasamodelinNewYork.(2017全國卷),eatingby在此處表示“通過”，是介詞，后接動詞ing形式作賓語。,restingspendtime(in)doing花費時間做某事，為固定句型。,5ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants_(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017全國卷)6Sixteenyearsearlier,Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring_(cook)ameal.(2017浙江卷),toprove根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)該使用不定式作動詞want的賓語。,tocook根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句已有謂語動詞remove，故此處用不定式作目的狀語。,7Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude_(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.(2016全國卷)8Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,youllbelesslikely_(bring)yourworkhome.(2016全國卷),introducing動名詞introducing作include的賓語。,tobringbelikelytodo.有可能做，為固定句型。,9Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout_(use)electricequipment.(2015全國卷)10Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough_(cool)thehouseduringthehotday.(2015全國卷),using介詞后常常用動名詞形式作賓語。,tocoolbeadj.enoughtodo足夠可以做，為固定句型。,11Abercrombie&Kent,atravelpanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.(2015全國卷)12Yangshuoisreallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers_(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.(2015全國卷),livinglive和people之間為主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。,conductedconduct與其所修飾的名稱study構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。,非謂語動詞在短文改錯中的考查點,1正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。如果句中已有謂語動詞，那么另外一個動詞在無連詞的情況下要改為非謂語動詞。2根據(jù)非謂語動詞在句中所作成分、句式的特殊要求，判斷非謂語動詞的形式。3確定非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是主謂關(guān)系還是動賓關(guān)系。4牢記一些常用搭配。5介詞后常常使用動名詞作賓語。,規(guī)律方法,1IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.(2016全國卷)_2Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundhisparentsweremissing.(2015全國卷)_3Wevebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars.(2015四川卷)_,真題驗證2,wearwearing介詞后應(yīng)使用動名詞作賓語。,lookslooking介詞后應(yīng)使用動名詞作賓語。,singsingingspendtime(in)doing.為固定句型。,4Ienjoyedsitclosetothewindowsandlookingattheview.(2015浙江卷)_5Oneeveningatsunset,wesatbythefire,haveourbarbecue.(陜西卷)_6Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,whichmightnotbeserveduntil8oclockatnight.(全國卷)_,sitsittingenjoy后常常接動名詞作賓語。,havehaving句中謂語動詞為sat，且句中無連詞，故have應(yīng)該改為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。,HaveHaving謂語動詞為provides，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，其前應(yīng)該為主語，故用動名詞having作主語。,第三課時寫作增分課,非謂語動詞在寫作中的增分點一、用不定式或動名詞作主語寫句子,1如果你想上一個好的大學(xué)，學(xué)好英語是一件必須做的事情。(beadmittedtoakeycollege,learnEnglishwell,amust),_,(也可用Tolearn。用Learning時句子表達的是一般常識；用Tolearn,you指的是具體的一個人),LearningEnglishwellisamustifyouwanttobeadmittedtoakeycollege.,2經(jīng)常鍛煉身體不僅對我們的健康有好處，還可以使我們學(xué)習(xí)更高效。(takeexerciseregularly,doalotofgoodto,learnmoreeffectively),3現(xiàn)在輟學(xué)不是個好主意，你以后會后悔的。(dropoutofschool,regret),_,_,Takingexerciseregularlywilldoalotofgoodtoourhealth,whichcanalsohelpuslearn,moreeffectively.,_,Todropoutofschoolnowisnotagoodidea,forwhichyouwillregretinthefuture.,二、用非謂語動詞作表語寫句子1我的愛好是聽音樂和踢足球。(hobby),2我的職責(zé)是照看所有這些花。(duty,takecareof),_,3我的夢想是上重點大學(xué)。(dream,gotoakeycollege),_,_,Myhobbiesarelisteningtomusicandplayingfootball.,Mydutyistakingcareofalltheseflowers.,Mydreamistogotoakeycollege.,三、用不定式作賓語、動名詞作賓語寫句子1我下決心盡我最大努力來趕上別人。(determine,doonesbest,catchupwithothers),2由于下雨，我沒能按時到達那里。(becauseof,fail),_,_,3我向我們的老師求助，他建議我每天練習(xí)說英語。(turntosomebodyforhelp,suggest,practice,speakEnglish),_,Ideterminedtotrymybesttocatchupwithothers.,Becauseoftherain,Ifailedtogetthereontime.,Iturnedtoourteacherforhelp,andhesuggestedpracticingspeakingEnglisheveryday.,4為什么不試著坐火車去旅行呢？坐火車既舒適又安全。(whynot,trydoing,fortableandsafe)_5我想集中注意力學(xué)習(xí)，但我整天總是情不自禁地想起這個事。(concentrateon,canthelp,keeponthinkingaboutit)_6除去向你求助，我別無選擇。(havenochoice,but,turnto)_,Whynottrytravellingonatrain?Itsfortableandsafe.,Itrytoconcentrateonmystudies,butIcanthelpkeepingonthinkingaboutitallday.,Ihavenochoicebuttoturntoyouforhelp./Ihavenothingtodobutturntoyouforhelp.,7我盼望快點收到你的來信。(lookforwardto,hearfrom)_,8當(dāng)談到學(xué)英語，每個人都有自己的方法。(whenitesto,method)_,Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.,WhenitestolearningEnglish,everyonehashisownmethod.,四、用非謂語動詞作定語寫句子1解決這個問題的最好辦法是依靠你自己。(thebestway,solvetheproblem,dependon),_2有許多人認為學(xué)生在學(xué)校不應(yīng)帶手機。(therebe,take.withthematschool)_3仍有許多問題有待解決。(therebe,remaintobedone)_,Thebestwaytosolvetheproblemistodependonyourself.,Therearemanypeoplethinkingthatstudentsshouldnttakecellphoneswiththematschool.,Therearemanyproblemsremainingtobesolved.,4我寫信申請昨天中國日報上所登廣告的那個職位。(applyfortheposition,advertise)_5三分之二被采訪的學(xué)生說他們贊成這個主意。(twothirds,interview,infavorof)_,IamwritingtoapplyforthepositionadvertisedinyesterdaysChinaDaily.,Twothirdsofthestudentsinterviewedsaytheyareinfavoroftheidea.,五、使用非謂語動詞作狀語，輕松寫高級句式1因此，他這次考試考得非常好，在班級排第一名。(asaresult,rankfirst)_2我相信，你要趕上別人，不會有什么困難。(havetrouble,catchupwith)_3每節(jié)課你都應(yīng)當(dāng)認真聽講，盡力不要錯過任何要點。(listenwithfullattention,tryto,missanypoint)_,Asaresult,hedidverywellintheexam,rankingfirstinhisclass.,Iamsureyouwillhavenotroublecatchingupwithothers.,Ineverylesson,youshouldlistenwithfullattention,tryingnottomissanypoint.,4我每天夜里睡得都很晚，在為即將到來的考試做準(zhǔn)備。(stayuplate,makepreparationsfor,theingexams)_5再給我一次機會，我會做得更好。(givemeanotherchance)_6面對這樣一個問題，我不知道該怎么辦。(facing/facedwith,ataloss)_,Istayeduplateeverynight,makingpreparationsfortheingexams.,Givenanotherchance,Icandobetter./Givemeanotherchance,andIcandobetter.,Facedwith/Facingsuchaproblem,Iamatalosswhattodo.,六、使用非謂語動詞作賓語補足語寫句子1在你離開的時候，不要讓(自來)水流著。(leavethewaterrunning)_2我將派人去機場接你。(havesomeonedosomething,pickup)_3我們要求采取更多的措施來阻止這樣的事情再次發(fā)生。(askmoreto,prevent.from)_,Dontleavethewaterrunningwhenyouleave.,Iwillhavesomeonepickyouupattheairport.,Weaskmoretobedonetop