高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法課件 分詞的用法.ppt

分詞的用法：,一、定語(yǔ)： 分詞作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞或代詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示被修飾的名詞的動(dòng)作或行為?，F(xiàn)在分詞與所修飾的中心詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系、且表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞與所修飾的中心詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系（動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）、且動(dòng)作已完成。不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞與所修飾的中心詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示已完成的動(dòng)作。 單個(gè)的分詞一般要前置，分次短語(yǔ)則要后置。 分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)可改為一個(gè)主動(dòng)的定于從句，其時(shí)態(tài)可以是一般時(shí)態(tài)，也可以是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；而過(guò)去分次短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)則改為一個(gè)被動(dòng)的定語(yǔ)從句。,For examples,burning house falling leaves broken cup fallen leaves a boy standing over there a letter posted yesterday The pupils playing in park( who are playing in the park) are my classmates . The building standing over there (which stands over there) is our new teaching building. The machine made in China (which is made in China) works well. How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods and fields (which were wasted in the woods and fields),Excises,Most of the artists_ to the party were from South America. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited The computer center,_ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened A. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written The bell _ the end of the period rang, _ out heated discussion. A. Indicating/ interrupting B. indicated/ interrupting C. Indicating/ interrupted D. indicated/ interrupted There was a terrible noise _ the suddenly burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. having followed This is an _ speech. All students were _ . A. inspiring/ inspired B. inspiring/ inspiring C. inspired/ inspired D. inspired/ inspiring,二、表語(yǔ),份作表語(yǔ)有以下三種基本句式： 、主語(yǔ)（人）系動(dòng)詞（使人如何、有被動(dòng)含義）。 、主語(yǔ)（物）系動(dòng)詞Ving（令人如何、主動(dòng)含義）。 、主語(yǔ)（物）系動(dòng)詞（表示已存在的狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)）。 除動(dòng)詞be外，還有動(dòng)詞get, become, feel, seem, look等可以接分詞作表語(yǔ)。 The woman was deeply moved. She feels a bit discouraged at the result. The news is very exciting. The school gate is shut now.,三、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)和不定式賓足一樣，與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯主謂過(guò)關(guān)系。現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生（即動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行）。 不定式與賓語(yǔ)也是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的過(guò)程。過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示動(dòng)作已完成。 主要有以下三個(gè)句型： S+謂語(yǔ)+O+ to do sth (表示動(dòng)作過(guò)程）。 S+謂語(yǔ)+O+ doing sth （表示動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行）。 S+謂語(yǔ)+O+ done （表示動(dòng)作已完成）。,For examples,I heard a girl crying next door. I heard someone knocking at the door. He kept me waiting for a long time. I saw Tom enter the room. He left me to do all the work. I found my key lost. I found the boy beaten black and blue. He made himself understood. John will get his room painted.,另外應(yīng)注意下幾個(gè)句型,have sb/sth doing (使/讓/叫某人/物持續(xù)做某事）。 get sb /sth doing (使/讓/叫某人/物持續(xù)做某事) have sb /sth do (使/叫/讓某人/物做某事）。 get sb /sth to do (使/叫/讓某人/物做某事) have sth done (某事被做了或使某人遭受) get sth done (某事被做了或使某人遭受) They had the machine working day and night. He got the soldiers moving ahead. Mother had me go to shop. I cant get him to stop smoking. Ill have (get) my bike repaired tomorrow. Tom had his legs broken while playing football.,四、狀語(yǔ),分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式和伴隨等狀語(yǔ)。分詞作狀語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)有邏輯主謂關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在分詞與句子主語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系（主謂關(guān)系）; 過(guò)去分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系（動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）。 若分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。 分詞作狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句，可以和when. while. if .though等連用。 分詞作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是句子的主語(yǔ)，否則，用獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。,For exampls,Hearing the news, he was excited. Be careful when crossing the street. Having been bitten by a sank, she was frightened at it. Given a chance, I can surprise the world. Teacher came into the lab followed by some students. Being blind man, how could they see? Seeing from the top of the high building, you can see the whole city of Beijing. Seen from the top of the high building, Beijing looks very beautiful.,下列分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不受主語(yǔ)的限制,1.generally speaking, frankly speaking, judging from, considering, providing, supposing, taking everything into consideration, to tell you the truth etc,etc. 2.with (without) +n (porn) +doing; with (without) +n (porn) + to do sth ; with (without ) + n (porn) +done 結(jié)構(gòu)中，分詞和不定式的應(yīng)用與分詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ)不足語(yǔ)相似。,1. _ the house on fire, he dialed 119. A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen 2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth _. A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix 3. Were _ to listen to her _ voice. Its _ to hear her sing. A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure 4. _a post office, I stopped_ some stamps. A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy 5. _with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A. Comparing B. To compare C. Compared D. Having compared 6. Here are some new computer programs _for home buildings. A. designing B. design C. designed D. to design 7. _a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp. A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved 8. The teacher came into the classroom _by his students. A. following B. to be following C. followed D. having followed 9. With the money _, he couldnt buy any ticket. A. to lose B. losing C. lost D. has lost 10. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldnt make himself,11. The result of the test was rather _. A. disappointed B. disappointing C. being disappointed D. disappoint 12. Ive never heard the word _in spoken English. A. use B. used C. using D. being used 13. _how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing not D. Not known 14. Deeply _, I thanked her again and again. A. being moving B. moved C. moving D. to be moved 15. With winter _on, its time to buy warm clothes. A. came B. comes C. come D. coming 16. _the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building. A. Having shown B. Showing C. Has shown D. Having been shown 17. He went from door to door, _waste papers and magazines. A. gathering B. gathered C. gather D. being gathered 18. The student corrected his paper carefully, _the professors suggestions. A. follow B. following C. followed D. being followed 19. The _price will save you one dollar for each dozen. A. reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduces 20. People _in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. A. live B. to live C. lived D. living,21. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldnt make his point _. A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood 22. The scientists were waiting to see the problem _. A. settle B. settled C. to settle D. settling 23. The librarys study room is full of students _for the exam. A. busily prepared B. busy preparing C. busily prepare D. are busily preparing 24. The ground is _with _ leaves. A. covering, falling B. covered, falling C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen 25. Lessons _easily were soon forgotten. A. to learn B. learn C. learned D. learning 26. The wallet _several days ago was found _in the dustbin outside the building。 A. stolen, hidden B. stealing, hiding C. stealing, hidden D. stolen, hiding 27. A person _a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language, _all about his own. A. to learn, to forget B. learning, to forget C. to learn, forgetting D. learning, forgetting 28. _different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality. A. To produce B. Being produced C. Produced D. Having produced 29. The students in the university are all taking courses _a degree. A. coming to B. going to C. leading to D. turning to 30. Many things _impossible in the past are very common today. A. consider B. considering C. considered D. be considered,31. _many times, he still couldnt understand. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He having been told D. Telling 32. The old sick lady entered the hospital, _her two sons. A. to support B. supporting C. supported by D. having supported 33. China is one of the largest countries in the world, _9. 6 million square kilometres. A. to cover B. covered