初中英語語法賓語從句講解專項練習及答案.doc

10 初中英語語法賓語從句講解 小口訣：賓語從句三注意，時態(tài)語序引導詞；主句一般現(xiàn)在時，從句不需受限制；主句一般過去時，從句須用相應時；陳述轉化that引，一般疑問用if/whether,特殊問句疑問詞，引導詞后陳述式。一基本講解 來源：直接引語變間接引語概念:在句中擔當賓語的從句叫賓語從句。 Eg: He said,“I am good at drawing”.He said he was good at drawing. (動詞賓語)1.引導詞 (1) that引導賓語從句時，通常用陳述句充當, that可省略。Eg: She said,“I want to go there ” She said (that) she wanted to go there.(2) whether 或 if 引導的賓語從句,由一般疑問句/選擇疑問句充當，陳述語序。Eg: “Are you interested in geography?” she said. She asked if/whether I was interested in geography.I wonder if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei . Im not sure whether he will come or not.注意：一般情況下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情況例外a. 介詞短語后只用whether 不用ifeg: We are talking about whether well go on the panic. b. 引導詞與動詞不定式或or not 連用時，只用whether. eg:I cant say whether or not he will come on timec. if當如果講時,引導的是條件狀語從句，表示如果，不能用whether. Eg: If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times. Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay.(3). 特殊疑問詞引導賓語從句時，不可省略，陳述句語序。特殊疑問詞為：how , when, where, why ,which whose.E.g. What do you want? He asked. He asked me what I wanted. I have no idea where he is now. I dont know how to deal with it. He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class.2.賓語從句時態(tài)a.主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句不受主句的限制eg: Do you know if/whether he has seen the film?Im sorry to hear that your father is ill.She says she is going to go to Beijing next week.He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.b.當主句是一般過去時，從句用過去的相應某種時態(tài)She didnt know why the boy was late again. (過去一般)I didnt know if/whether he had seen the film.（過去完成）I wondered when she was going to America.（過去將來）注意：當主句是一般過去時，而從句表示的是客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象，科學原理，格言等，從句仍然要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：Eg: He said （that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound.）The teacher told us （seeing is believing.）3.語序：陳述語序，主+謂+其他* when will you leave for Beijing?（Could you please tell me） Could you please tell me when you will leave for Beijing?*Has she seen the movie？（He asked.） He asked if she had seen the movie.*Could you tell me whats the matterwrong with you?賓語從句是英語復合句中的其中非常重要的從句之一。它是用一個句子做另一個句子的賓語，將這個句子叫做賓語從句。賓語從句做介詞或及物動詞的賓語?，F(xiàn)在從下列三個方面總結歸納如下：一，引導詞A,由that 引導的陳述句性的賓語從句，在很多動詞如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等動詞后。連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略，但在大多數(shù)情況下還是以不省為好，特別是在筆語中。例：I told him that he was wrong.l在think,believe, suppose, expect等動詞引起的賓語從句中，有時謂語盡管是否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將think 等動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。例：I dont think you are right. (我認為你做的不對)l在許多帶有復合賓語的句子中，that引導的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式賓語。例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我認為他向每一個人撒謊是錯誤的)B,由連詞if、 whether 引導的表示“是否”的賓語從句。Whether,if 在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換。例：I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.l在介詞后面的賓語從句中不用if引導例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。l賓語從句中有or not時不用if引導.例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.l和不定式連用作賓語時不用if引導.例：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.二，賓語從句的語序，賓語從句從句的語序必須是陳述語序，既連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分例：I believe that they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for us.三，賓語從句的時態(tài)。賓語從句的時態(tài)受主句的限制，既：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實際情況而定。主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句用相應的過去的時態(tài)。如果從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句要用過去完成時態(tài)。例:1)She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She says that she has finished her homework already.She said that she had finished her homework already.4)She says that she can sing a song in English.She said that she could sing a song in English.l如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實時，這時賓語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japan is an island country.lCould you tell me是用來征詢對方的意見，語氣委婉，并不表示過去。例：Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum?注意事項：由陳述句變成賓語從句時，要注意人稱的變化。例：She said: “I have been to England before.”She said that she had been to England before.She asked me: “Do you like maths?”She asked me if I liked maths. 賓語從句與簡單句的交換。由連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句，如果賓語從句的主語和主句的主語是同一個人時，可以用“疑問詞+不定式”做賓語的簡單句結構。例：I dont know what I should do next. 賓語從句專項習題鞏固練習1.Have you decided _for Australia?A. when will you leave B. when do you leaveC. you will leave when D. when you will leave2.Can you tell me _ ?A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3.The old man asked me _ .A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema4.I think _ you will like him.A. that B. if C. why D. how5.I didnt know _ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how6.I wonder _ .A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost7.She asked me _ A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is8.Ask him _.A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup9.I dont know _ .A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movieC. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts10.The doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill11.The weather forecast doesnt say _.A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow12.Do you know _?A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this isC. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to13.Could you tell me where _?A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape14.They want to know _?A. where is the hospital B. how old are youC. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying15.Tony wanted to know _.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B. when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC. what Father Christmas had put in his stockingD. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking16.No one knows _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. when B. whether C. where D. if17.July didnt know_.A. where is Tims father B. when was the first watch madeC. who the old man is D. what was wrong with her watch18.No one told us _, so we need your help.A. how should we do B. what we should do C. what to do D. what should we do19.We dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do it B. how to do C. what do it D. what to do20.He asked me _.A. whether I find out the sender of the money B. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money found out D. whether I found out the sender of the money能力提高練習1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come 3. Could you tell me _the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where 4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 5. I want to know _. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 7. Do you know what time _?A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 8. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 9. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings 10. I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means 11. I dont know _ he will be back home. A. who B. what C. when D. where12. Could you tell me _?A. where do you live B. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting for D. where you live in13. Do you still remember _?A. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say14. I cant understand _the boy alone.A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left15. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen16. They tried to find out _ the new train _.A. how far/ had gone B. how long/ has gone C. how far/ went D. how far / had run17. The manager came up to see _.A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter18. Can you tell me _?A. what are you doing B. where do you study C. what you were doing D. what to do it19. He asked his father _.A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen20.No one tells us_， so we need your help.A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it直擊中考1. Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell _. . A. when UFOs will appear next time B. why do horses know the way C. where was this kind of plant found D. how do elephants communicate2. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China? -Sorry. I dont know _. . A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad3. -May I come in ? Im sorry I am late. -Come in, please. But could you please tell me _. ? A. why you are late again B. what were you doing then C. who you talked with D. how do you come to school4. -Could you please tell me _. ? -Bus No.32 will take you right there. A. where is Henan Museum B. what Henan Museum is like C. how can I get to Henan Museum D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum5. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _. . A. where they have been B. where are they C. where are they from D. where they have gone6. -Do you know _the Capital Museum? -Next Friday. A. when will they visit B. when they will visit C. when did they visit D. when they visited7. He wanted to know _the English party. A. when will we have B. when we will have C. when would we have D. when we would have8. I want to know _. . A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airport C. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at9.-David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me _. ? -He is a doctor. A. who is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what he is11. -I wonder _. without water -About a week. A. how long man can live B. how long can man live C. when man can live D. when can man live 賓語從句鞏固練習參考答案1.參考答案D 你決定什么時候去澳大利亞了嗎？賓語從句用陳述語序。2. 參考答案D賓語從句用陳述語序，where作從句的賓語。3. 參考答案C賓語從句用陳述語序，where表示地點。4. 參考答案A if表示選擇，我想你是否將喜歡他。5. 參考答案B 有or not， 所以用whether.6. 參考答案C 賓語從句用陳述語序.7. 參考答案A賓語從句用陳述語序,who 作從句的賓語。8. 參考答案A whose是所有格，所以后面要有一個名詞，整體做從句的賓語。9. 參考答案A 賓語從句用陳述語序。10. 參考答案D 主句是過去時，從句也要用過去相應的時態(tài)，醫(yī)生問我之前我已經(jīng)病了，所以用過去完成時態(tài)。11. 參考答案C if連接賓語從句，賓語從句用陳述語序。12. 參考答案B whose是所有格，所以后面要有一個名詞，整體做從句的賓語。13. 參考答案C 賓語從句用陳述語序。14. 參考答案C賓語從句用陳述語序，時態(tài)不受限制。15. 參考答案C 主句用一般過去時，從句要用過去相應的時態(tài)，因為圣誕老人是之前就把禮物放進襪子里了，所以用過去完成時態(tài)。16. 參考答案B 有or not就用whether.17. 參考答案D 賓語從句用陳述語序, 主句用一般過去時，從句要用過去相應的時態(tài)。18. 參考答案B 沒有人告訴我們應該做什么，所以我們需要你的幫助。賓語從句用陳述語序，如果選B就是沒有人做什么，us后面是賓語從句，而us是賓格不能作從句的主語，所以 C選項缺少賓語從句的主語，應選B.19. 參考答案D我們不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陸地和海洋。What做to do 的賓語。20. 參考答案D 賓語從句用陳述語序，他問我是否我能找出寄錢的人，主句用過去時態(tài)，從句用過去相應的時態(tài)。 能力提高練習參考答案1. 參考答案D. 前一個if引導賓語從句，表示選擇“是否”，后一個if引導的是條件狀語從句表示將來的動作，所以用主將從現(xiàn)。2. 參考答案D. 我不知道后天他是否回來，賓語從句用陳述語序。 3. 參考答案D. where表示地點，最近的醫(yī)院在哪里。4. 參考答案C 賓語從句用陳述語序，已經(jīng)說了是修理錄音機，所以不用what, 而用how.5. 參考答案D賓語從句用陳述語序，whom作照顧的賓語。6. 參考答案A 主句用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句不受限制，住在哪里用一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句用陳述語序。7. 參考答案D賓語從句用陳述語序，從句是客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時。8. 參考答案D賓語從句用陳述語序。9. 參考答案B賓語從句用陳述語序，what在從句中做主語。10. 參考答案D 賓語從句用陳述語序，what在從句中做賓語。11. 參考答案C. 因為后面的從句是說他將回家，所以前面應該是我不知道他什么時間回家。12. 參考答案B. B是陳述語序，D可以用where you live或which you live in.13. 參考答案B. 賓語從句用陳述語序，what在賓語從句中做said的賓語。14. 參考答案A. 賓語從句用陳述語序，主句用現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)，從句根據(jù)事實用相應的時態(tài)。15. 參考答案C. 客觀真理用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。16. 參考答案D. 距離多遠一般用how far，go是個瞬間動詞，所以應該用可以表示持續(xù)動作的動詞。17. 參考答案A. 主句是過去時態(tài)，從句要用過去的相應時態(tài)，所以C、D排除。What作賓語從句的主語。18. 參考答案D. what作動詞不定式的真正賓語。19. 參考答案C. 賓語從句用陳述語序，主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句也用過去時態(tài)。20. 參考答案C. 因為不知怎樣做，所以需要你的幫助，如果是不知道做什么，會有人告訴你做什么的。如果對主語提問，則特殊疑問句的語序不變。21. 參考答案C. 如果對主語提問，則特殊疑問句的語序不變。22. 參考答案C. 后面有or not時，前面只能用whether.23. 參考答案C. 后面有or not時，前面只能用whether.24. 參考答案C. 在哪里買的電視，肯定是買回來了，所以應該用一般過去時，主句用現(xiàn)在時，從句可用任何時態(tài)。25. 參考答案D. 又一個五年之后，應用another.它將會變成什么樣子，所以應用what.26. 參考答案B. 賓語從句用陳述語序，has gone to表示已經(jīng)去了，現(xiàn)在還在那里，has been to表示曾經(jīng)去過，現(xiàn)在不在那里。27. 參考答案C. 賓語從句用陳述語序，后面if引導條件狀語從句，用主將從現(xiàn)時態(tài)。28. 參考答案A. tomorrow時間狀語表明賓語從句用一般將來時，后一個句子是if引導的條件狀語從句，所以用主將從現(xiàn)。29. 參考答案D. when引導時間狀語從句，表示將來的動作，用主從現(xiàn)。30. 參考答案A. 賓語從句用陳述語序，主句用現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)，從句根據(jù)事實選擇時態(tài)。31. 參考答案D 主句用一般過去時，所以從句的時態(tài)必須是過去的相應時態(tài)，賓語從句用陳述語序。32. 參考答案B 賓語從句用陳述語序，后面的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，所以從句的時態(tài)也可以是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。33. 參考答案A how many people在從句中作主語，賓語從句用陳述語序。34. 參考答案D 我想知道他的名字是什么。His name作主語，what在從句中作賓語。賓語從句用陳述語序。35. 參考答案D 他問我，我怎么了。What在從句中作主語，with me 作伴隨狀語，賓語從句用陳述語序。36. 參考答案B 你還記得在會上的時候，吉姆說什么了嗎？what作從句的賓語。賓語從句用陳述語序。37. 參考答案D 用where就不用the way了，所以排除A、C。which作從句的主語，賓語從句用陳述語序。38. 參考答案C 用多久時間一般都用how long提問，it在從句中作形式主語，真正的主語是to get there. 賓語從句用陳述語序.39. 參考答案C 你知道他教什么科目嗎？賓語從句用陳述語序。40. 參考答案A 主句是一般過去時，所以從句只能是過去的相應時態(tài)，賓語從句用陳述語序。41. 參考答案C 你知道那里發(fā)生什么了嗎？不可能一只發(fā)生也不可能是被發(fā)生，所以只能是正在發(fā)生，賓語從句用陳述語序。42. 參考答案A 由后面的答語可知，問的是時間，所以用when.43. 參考答案A 賓語從句用陳述語序。后面有時間狀語tomorrow，所以從句用一般將來時。44. 參考答案D賓語從句用陳述語序，他住在哪里是表示狀態(tài)的，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，又因live是不及物動詞，后面不能直接跟賓語，必須加個介詞才可以，in the room, 所以后用介詞in.45. 參考答案D 由1.75 meters得知，是問他有多高，所以用how tall.46. 參考答案C 主句用一般過去時態(tài)，從句要用過去相應的時態(tài)，因為在說話的時候，已經(jīng)寫了信，動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，所以應該用過去完成時態(tài)。47. 參考答案C 賓語從句中缺少waiting for 的賓語，所以應該用賓格whom.48. 參考答案D 我不知道他是否還住這里。因為不確定，所以應