大三上學期英美概況BritishPoliticsclassandrace.ppt

Guide to English-Speaking Countries,英語國家概況,英語國家概況,The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,Chapter 3 Government and the Commonwealth,The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,英語國家概況,Political Parties,Constitution,Government,Election,The Commonwealth,CONTENT,Books Recommended-moves,Forrest Gump 阿甘正傳 Sleepless in Seattle 西雅圖不眠夜 My Fair Lady 窈窕淑女 Sua Sha華沙 Born on the 4th of July 生于7月4日 A Walk to Remember初戀的回憶 The Notebook金色筆記 Sister Act修女也瘋狂 Phantom of the Opera歌劇魅影 Saving Face The Joy Luck Cub 喜福會 What a Girl Wants水情作女孩 Its a Wonderful Life生命真理 Crash撞車 Animal Are Beautiful People When Harry Met Sally Brave Heart勇敢的心,novels,Pride and Prejudice(1983) by Jane Austin ( British) Jude the Obscure by Thomas Hardy ( British) Jane Eyre Good Earth( 1913) by Pearl S. Buck (America, Pulizer Prize for the Novel; Nobel Prize in literature) The Thom Birds The Great Gatsby The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan,Non-fiction,The Most Beautiful Proses in the world (雙語) Chicken Soup for the Soul Series Born to Win Three Days to See & The Story of My Life by Helen Keller Candid Voices- Essays by American College Students(校園之音當代美國大學生文選),Parties,What is Shadow Cabinet? What is “front benches” or “government benches” in the House of Commons? Do civil servant hold a political office?,“Front benches”: The team chosen by the Prime Minister will sit on the “front benches” or “government benches” (執(zhí)政黨成員）in the House of Commons. The other MPs are known as “backbenchers”（普通成員） The next largest party in the Commons forms a “ shadow” cabinet whose members are responsible for criticizing government ministers and formulating opposition policies.,Do civil servant hold a political office?,Civil servants are servants of the Crown, they do not hold a political or judicial office, and they are paid with public money which is voted through Parliament. Civil servants are officials who serve the elected political government of the day. They themselves are not elected. They are career officials who remain in office despite changes in government.,How many big parties in the UK? Whats the difference?,Overall Introduction,The Parliament operates on a two-party system. Political parties originated in the late 17th century. the Whig PartyLiberal Party the Tory PartyConservative Party Where do the members of the parliament meet?,Where do the members of MPs meet?,Parliament meets in one of the most famous buildings in London, the Palace of Westminster. Its clock tower, housing Big Ben, is known throughout the world.,Comparative Description on the two major parties:,Overall Introduction,Comparative Description on the two major parties (cont.):,3.0 Overall Introduction,Comparative Description on the two major parties (cont.):,3.0 Overall Introduction,Comparative Description on the two major parties (cont.):,3.0 Overall Introduction,3.1 The Conservative Party,the “Right” landowners and businessmen, the middle and upper-middle class free enterprise and privatization of state-owned firms,Margaret Thatcher (1979-1990) The Iron Lady privatized state-owned industries and promoted a more competitive spirit in Britains economy reduced old age pensions, shortened the period of unemployment benefits, and cut child benefits curbed the power of the trade unions,3.1 The Conservative Party,Margaret Thatcher came into power due to high inflation and low growth: 1979 strikes Opinion: dislike “nanny state“, and thinks that it encourages laziness and discourages entrepreneurship（企業(yè)家精神） resort to radical policies: repudiated（拋棄）Keynesian and corporatist policies, preferred free enterprise economy,3.2 The Labor Party,the “Left” created by the growing trade union movement at the end of the 19th century After 1945to establish a welfare state nationalized industries exercised control over private industries to revive the primary industries,Recent Prime Ministers from the left Tony Blair (1997-2006) “Third Way” made the Bank of England independent (separate politics and economic policy) put an emphasis on the minimum wage and supplementing low incomes,Gordon Brown (June 27, 2007),3.2 The Labor Party,3.3 The Liberal Democrats,An amalgamation （聯(lián)合） of the old Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party (the latter being a breakaway group from the Labor Party, formed in 1981) advocates policies based on freedom of the individual and supports the adoption of Propositional Representation at elections remains a minority party a party of protest rather than a real alternative for government,Discussion,What will a candidate usually do in an election in order to win the election?,Electoral Campaigns: ads in newspapers door-to-door campaigns postal deliveries of leaflets limited “party electoral broadcasts“,Questions for consideration(P50-52),Why are elections important in Britain? What is the eligibility for voting? Under what circumstances do an early or late election happen? Give an example. Who can stand for election as an MP? What do a candidate do in an electoral campaigns? Can a peer or lord run for an MP?,election,a. Importance of elections: British Politics undergoes evolution rather than revolution: stability due to election b. Eligibility for Voting: 5% of the population in history, now 99% are allowed to vote, with the exception of Lords, certain categories of convicted criminals, the legally insane and resident foreign citizens. c. Delayed Elections (longer than 5 years: twice in history of this century) and Early elections (2 reasons: a vote of no confidence; current government is very popular) What is Eligibility for the election as an MP?,Election,held every five years in the 646 constituencies candidate who wins in each constituency becomes a Member of Parliament The party which holds the majority of “seats” in Parliament forms the government, with its party leader becoming the Prime Minister.,General election,General election for the MPs are held at least once every 5 years. During this time, political parties will put forward their policies. Each constituency will elect one person who will become their MP. The leader of the Party (Labor& Conservative) which has the most MPs in the election is invited to Buckingham Palace by the monarch and asked to form a government. The leader becomes the Prime Minister.,Class,Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice; Emma愛瑪 Thomas Hardy: Jade the Obscure “blue color” and “white color” Kinds of class-divisions: upper-class; middle-class; upper-middle class; working class, lower middle-class How do people classified them? What is difference about the British class-system and the American or Chinese social structure.,British Class,Duck,Marquise,Earl or Count,Viscount,Duchess,Countess,Viscountess,Baron or Lord,Marquis,baroness,Civilian,Baronet,Aristocracy,CLASS,Duck,Duchess,Marquis,Duck,Duchess,Marquise,Marquis,Duck,Duchess,Earl or Count,Marquise,Marquis,Duck,Duchess,Countess,Earl or Count,Marquise,Marquis,Duck,Duchess,Viscount,Countess,Earl or Count,Marquise,Marquis,Duck,Duchess,Viscountess,Viscount,Countess,Earl or Count,Marquise,Marquis,Duck,Duchess,Baron or Lord,Viscountess,Viscount,Countess,Earl or Count,Marquise,Marquis,Duck,Duchess,baroness,Baron or Lord,Viscountess,Viscount,Countess,Earl or Count,Marquise,Marquis,Duck,Duchess,Earl or Count,Duck,Duchess,Earl or Count,Duck,Marquis,Duchess,Earl or Count,Duck,Marquise,Marquis,Duchess,Earl or Count,Duck,Countess,Marquise,Marquis,Duchess,Earl or Count,Duck,Viscountess,Countess,Marquise,Marquis,Duchess,Earl or Count,Duck,Viscount,Viscountess,Countess,Marquise,Marquis,Duchess,Earl or Count,Duck,Baron or Lord,Viscount,Viscountess,Countess,Marquise,Marquis,Duchess,Earl or Count,Duck,baroness,Baron or Lord,Viscount,Viscountess,Countess,Marquise,Marquis,Duchess,Earl or Count,Duck,Knight,11th,Baron,Duck,14th,century,Count,13th,15th,Development of Peerage,伯，男，公，子，侯 這是依次出現(xiàn)的順序,Marquis,Viscount,developing rapidly,Discussion,Jeremy Johnson has been a building labourer. Since he left university after obtaining a degree in electronics. This was the only job he could get at the time but now he enjoys the physical work and he has decided to continue in the building industry. He says he is middle class. Which class would you say he was in-the middle class or the working class? Why?,There is no definite answer to the question. There is a subjective perspective ( what class attachment the individual feels) and an objective perspective( which class the individual is allocated to by statisticians). Class is an indefinite concept in Britain.,Race,Which is the largest ethnic group in the UK? Why are there so many different ethnic groups in Britain? What are some of the positive and negative effects of non-white immigrants in British society according to the author?,The English Perhaps the largest number have come to Britain from the Commonwealth. Others have come to Britain to escape religious and political persecution. There are still others who come to Britain in search of better economic opportunities.,Positive: increases the variety and interest within English culture a varied cuisine; new forms of popular music; difference religious beliefs / contribute to society. Negative: depends on the attitude of some of their white neighbour view the newcomers as a threat to their way of living / trouble in the process of assimilating the immigrants. economically poorer than the white population; under-representation in politics and treated unfairly; threatened by some racist groups,The Commonwealth,5.1 The Origin of the Commonwealth,5.2 Characteristics and Functions,5.3 Members of the Commonwealth,5.4 Organizations of the Commonwealth,5.5 Commonwealth Day,5.1 Origin of the Commonwealth,The Commonwealth of Nations is the successor of the British Empire. In 1949, “British” was dropped