人教版必修一unit4earthquakes語法教案

人教版必修一unit4 earthquakes-語法適用學(xué)科英語適用年級(jí)高一適用區(qū)域使用人教版的地區(qū)課時(shí)2課時(shí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.定語從句關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別；2.限定性和非限定性定語從句；3.只能用which引導(dǎo)的定語從句；4.只能用that引導(dǎo)的定語從句；5.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)謂語的形式；教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 掌握定語從句的定義,三要素,以及關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別；2. 通過練習(xí)掌握定語從句的解題方法。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)1. that和which 區(qū)別；2. whose 用法；3. 定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)教學(xué)難點(diǎn)如何去區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞以及定語從句的解題方法教學(xué)過程一、課堂導(dǎo)入 Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. You have time to take only one thing. What will you take? Why? 二、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)上節(jié)課所學(xué)的重點(diǎn)單詞，短語和句子詞語辨析1. congratulate / celebrate2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm3. rise / raise / lift4. hurt / injure / wound詞形變化1. frighten vt. 嚇唬；使驚嚇frightened n. 受驚的；受恐嚇的frightening adj.令人恐懼的2. nation n. 民族；國家；國民national adj. 民族的；國家的3. suffer v. 受苦; 吃苦頭suffering n. 苦難；痛苦sufferer n.受苦者; 受難者重點(diǎn)單詞1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆發(fā), 突然破裂 2. ruin v.&n. 毀滅，使破產(chǎn)，遺跡，廢墟（名詞時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)）3. rescue n.&vt. 援救，營救4. judge n.&v. 法官，鑒賞家，裁判，判斷，估計(jì)重點(diǎn)詞組1.right away 立刻，馬上2.at an end 結(jié)束，終結(jié)3.instead of 代替，而不4.tens of thousands of 數(shù)以萬計(jì)的重點(diǎn)句子1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.2. All hope was not lost.三、知識(shí)講解知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：重點(diǎn)句型12. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 農(nóng)家大院里的雞，甚至豬都緊張得不吃食?！皌oo + adj./adv.+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)簡稱為“too . to”結(jié)構(gòu)，在大多數(shù)情況下表示否定意義，通常可意為“太而不能;太無法”?！皌oo .to”結(jié)構(gòu)表示否定的常見句型有：too +adj./adv. + to do，有時(shí)too后也可跟一個(gè)起形容詞作用的過去分詞。too . to/to be done形式。這是“too .to”結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式為被動(dòng)式時(shí)的變體，如果主語是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)式，也可以用被動(dòng)式，此時(shí)用主動(dòng)式雖然在形式上是主動(dòng)的，但在意義上卻是被動(dòng)的。too + adj. + a (an) + n.+ to + v./to be done形式。這個(gè)句型在too+ adj.后再接一個(gè)帶不定冠詞的名詞，不定冠詞一定要放置于形容詞后。與此同時(shí)，只有當(dāng)too后形容詞修飾一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，才可以在形容詞與名詞間加不定冠詞“a/an”。當(dāng)句子主語能發(fā)出該不定式的動(dòng)作時(shí)，可以用to + v.的主動(dòng)式，當(dāng)主語是該不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，則用to be + v.-ed的被動(dòng)式。溫馨提示并不是所有“too .to”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子都表示否定意義，在下列情況下，“too .to”結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示肯定意義： “too .to”結(jié)構(gòu)之前帶有but, only, all, never, not時(shí)，是強(qiáng)調(diào)肯定的表示法，意為“非常，十分，實(shí)在，真是太”等?！皌oo .to”結(jié)構(gòu)中帶有表示某種心情或描繪性的形容詞或副詞，如ready，eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious等加動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)合成一個(gè)不可分割的狀態(tài)、態(tài)度、傾向或心情等，并且其后的不定式不是說明too的具體內(nèi)容，而是修飾形容詞，故不定式不再表示結(jié)果。在“too .to”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式為否定式時(shí)，是構(gòu)成的雙重否定，其意為“非常/很/太/那么不會(huì)不/必定能/所以能”，也不表示否定意義。 I，m too tired to think of anything now.我太累了，什么也不能想了。 The tea is too hot to drink/to be drunk. 茶太熱，不能喝。The shoes are too badly broken to be mended.這些鞋子破爛得不能修補(bǔ)。 He，s too experienced an artist to mind what the critics say. (As an artist he，s too experienced to mind what the critics say.)他是個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)非常豐富的藝術(shù)家，不會(huì)介意批評(píng)家說些什么。 He is too experienced an artist to be worried by what the critics say.他是一個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)非常豐富的藝術(shù)家，不至于為批評(píng)家們的議論而擔(dān)憂。I am but too glad to do so. 我非常喜歡這樣做。 He was too anxious to do this job. 他非常想做這件工作。 The girl is too careful not to do it well.這姑娘很細(xì)心，完全能做好那件事。13. It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！聯(lián)想拓展as if=as though意為“仿佛，像，似乎”。通常用在be，look，seem，sound，taste，smell及feel等連系動(dòng)詞的后面。如果表示真實(shí)情況應(yīng)該用陳述語氣；如果表示非真實(shí)情況則應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣, 其謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬式與wish后面賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬式相同。引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句時(shí)也要用虛擬語氣。注意：as if (though)后面除了跟句子外，還可以跟名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、形容詞(短語)、介詞短語和分詞。另外，as if (though)還可以表達(dá)感嘆語氣，來對(duì)某項(xiàng)建議、假設(shè)和推測表示不贊成、驚訝、不滿和厭惡等。How wild his white hair looked as if it had been electrified! 他的白發(fā)十分凌亂，好像觸了電似的。(虛擬語氣)She seems as if she is going to cry. 她似乎要哭了。(陳述事實(shí))As if anyone would believe that story！好像有人竟會(huì)相信那樣的事！As if we were all stupid and he alone clever！哼，就仿佛我們都是傻瓜，只有他一個(gè)人聰明似的。He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.他舉起他的手，好像要取下帽子。He behaved as if nothing had happened.他表現(xiàn)的好像什么也沒發(fā)生。 14. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。all, both, each, every, everyone, everything, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等具有總括意義的詞后跟否定詞not連用時(shí)，一般都表示部分否定，其中all, both, each, every無論在not之前還是之后，都表示部分否定。但如果句子中出現(xiàn)下列單詞或短語則該句為全部否定：none of+n./pron.; neither+n./pron.; no+n.; nothing；nobody；neither；never；nowhere；neither . nor等。All that glitters is not gold. 發(fā)光的不一定都是金子。Not all body languages mean the same thing in different countries. 并非所有的肢體語言在不同的國家里都有相同的意思。Each machine here is not produced in our plant.這里的機(jī)器不全是我們廠生產(chǎn)的。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：重點(diǎn)語法：定語從句由that, which, who, whose關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句用法簡述如下。1、that指人亦可指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，賓語可以省略；The girl that was crying just now is my best friend.剛才哭的那個(gè)女孩是我最好的朋友。2、which指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，賓語可以省略；China is a country which has a long history. 中國是一個(gè)具有悠久歷史的國家。3、who 指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，賓語可以省略；The man who was here yesterday is a painter.昨天在這里的那個(gè)人是位畫家。（who作主語）The man who I saw is called Smith.我見到的那個(gè)人名叫史密斯。（who作賓語，亦可省略）4、whose是屬格，指人也可指物，在定語從句中作定語 I live in a room(,) (whose windows) =(the windows of which)face south.我住在一個(gè)窗戶朝南的房間里?！军c(diǎn)撥】辨析 that, which； who ,that 相同點(diǎn)：都可以指物不同點(diǎn)：如下1、在下列情況下只能用that而不能用which引導(dǎo)定語從句（1）當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞是不定代詞all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等時(shí)。（2）當(dāng)先行詞被最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞以及the very, the few, the only修飾時(shí)。（3）當(dāng)先行詞被all, little, much, some, any, no, every等詞修飾時(shí)（4）當(dāng)先行詞由表示人和物的兩個(gè)并列的名詞構(gòu)成時(shí)。（5）當(dāng)主句是以which或who特殊疑問句時(shí)。（6）當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作表語時(shí)2、在下列情況下只能用which而不能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句（1）介詞后；（2）非限定性定語從句。相同點(diǎn)：都可以指人，在句中作主語不同點(diǎn)：如下 指人時(shí)，在下列情況下一般選用who：（1）當(dāng)先行詞為those, one, anyone, nobody等不定代詞時(shí)。例如：The one who knows me well is Tom.非常了解我的那個(gè)人是湯姆。（2）在分隔型定語從句中，若先行詞代指人。如：A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.有位新老師明天來教你們德語（3）先行詞為there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的主語時(shí)例如：There is a man who wants to see you.有個(gè)人想見你四、例題精析【例題1】【題干】Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that 【答案】B【解析】本題考查定語從句關(guān)系詞的選擇。不愛運(yùn)動(dòng)或者飲食熱量偏高的孩子們會(huì)很快發(fā)胖。較簡單。本定語從句不缺成分，為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，因此只能在考慮填關(guān)系副詞。A中的What不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。選B. whose誰的，符合題意?！纠}2】【題干】The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _they have the interest. A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if【答案】C【解析】本題考查狀語從句連詞辨析。句意為“工程師們非常繁忙，即使（even if）有戶外體育活動(dòng)的興趣也沒有時(shí)間去做?！薄纠}3】【題干】Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 【答案】C【解析】考查定語從句，先行詞是Gun control，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中做介詞的賓語，介詞前置，介詞與從句動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成搭配argue about sth，選C。五、課堂運(yùn)用【基礎(chǔ)】1. Many children， parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.A. their B. whoseC. of them D. with whom【答案】B 【解析】選B本題考察定語從句的用法,屬于較容易題.明顯表達(dá)為”他們的父母”2. （2009湖南卷T26）I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of which C. that D. whose【答案】D【解析】選D考查定語從句。先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)定語，意思為這個(gè)城市的名字。3. （2009遼寧卷T23）Theyve won their last three matches. _I find a bit surprising A. that B. when C. what D. which 【答案】D【解析】選D考查非限定性定語從句關(guān)系詞的辨析。此處意思是“我發(fā)現(xiàn)他們已經(jīng)贏得了最后的三場比賽，這一點(diǎn)令人有點(diǎn)吃驚”，which代替上句“Theyve won their last three matches”做find的賓語，選D。A項(xiàng)不能用于非限制性定語從句中，B,C此處沒有他們的意思?！眷柟獭?. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. A.