【高考輔導(dǎo)資料】2011屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：專題1_語法和詞匯知識(shí)之名詞、冠詞和主謂一致

2011版高中英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：專題一 語法和詞匯知識(shí)之名詞、冠詞和主謂一致（1）（新課標(biāo)）【備考策略】1 考情分析 2 解題技巧【考點(diǎn)分類突破】一、 名詞、冠詞和主謂一致【專題考點(diǎn)】1 考查名詞詞義辨析、搭配、名詞作定語以及其基本功能，包括數(shù)、格等；2 考查冠詞的類指、泛指與特指、零冠詞的使用、冠詞的特殊搭配與抽象名詞具體化；3 考查主謂一致?！镜淅骄俊?、（2010山東卷T33）Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine.A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter【解析】選A。考查名詞辨析。句意為：那些患頭痛的人將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)服用了這種藥頭痛可以得到緩解。relief緩解，減輕；safety 安全；defense 防御；shelter 保護(hù)，避難所，躲避處；根據(jù)四個(gè)名詞選項(xiàng)，可判斷A項(xiàng)為正確答案。2、（2010湖北卷T22）After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture 【解析】選A?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意：地震之后，當(dāng)?shù)卣紫茸龅氖菫闊o家可歸的家庭提供住處。由語境（after the earthquake）可知，對(duì)the homeless families首先應(yīng)當(dāng)提供的是住處，因此選擇A accommodation 住宿。occupation 職業(yè)，占有；equipment 設(shè)備；furniture 家具；均不合題意。3. （2010北京卷T35）First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second chance to make _first impression. A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a 【解析】選B?？疾楣谠~的用法。句意為：對(duì)于人們來說，欣賞帶給他們快樂的上海世博會(huì)是一種美好的感覺。feeling指傷心或快樂的感覺時(shí)通常用作可數(shù)名詞；pleasure“愉快，高興”，通常用作不可數(shù)名詞。4、 （2010湖南卷T33）Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. isB. areC. hasD. have 【解析】選C?？疾橹髦^一致和語態(tài)。由于caused后有賓語，故該用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，即可排除A、B。考慮到主語是動(dòng)名詞短語，所以謂語動(dòng)詞該用單數(shù)。故選C。句意：在搖滾演唱會(huì)上聽超響的音樂已對(duì)一些青少年造成了聽力的喪失。5、(2010陜西卷T 24). It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area. A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built【解析】選D?？疾橹髦^一致。根據(jù) “many a + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，可排除A、B。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語at present (目前，現(xiàn)在)，要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以又可排除C?！靖櫻菥殹?、（2011江西師大附中模擬）By all _, you must try every _ to help him.A. mean; meanB. means; meansC. means; mean D. mean; means2、（2011河北正定中學(xué)模擬）Hawking is _success, _disabled man though he is. Aa；/ B/；a Cthe；a Da；the3、（2011湖南醴陵二中、醴陵四中模擬）Either you or I _ going to be in charge of this matter.A. beB. are C. isD. am 4、（2010吉林省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)二模） A gift is a _ of what a relationship means to us. The best gifts meet the needs of the receiver. A. signal B. means C. symbol D. record5. The lawyer advised him to drop the _since he stands little chance to win. A. case B. event C. incident D. affair6. Id like him to know that I dont want to be with him, but he never gets the_ . A. message B. news C. information D. word7. The _of Jay Chows concert made most of the audience present get wild. A. environment B. influenceC. impression D. atmosphere8. Frankly speaking, its peoples _to keep their promise that really annoys me. A. habit B. mistake C. loss D. failure9. （2010吉林省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)二模） The warmth of _ coat will mostly be determined by _ soft of cloth usedA. the; a B. a; the C. /; the D. a; a10（2010河北省唐山二模）We drank tea and made some small talk in kitchen.Aa；the Bthe；a C不填；the Dthe；不填11. With his wise thoughts about _nature and the world, Confucius is a great thinker in _history of China. A. 不填; the B. the; theC. 不填; 不填 D. the; 不填12. When a giraffe has _drink, it has to stand with its front legs wide apart to reach _water. A. 不填; 不填 B. a; theC. the; 不填 D. 不填; the13. It seems that Westerners seldom give their friends financial help. Maybe. For them _friendship is mostly _matter of providing emotional support and spending time together. A. 不填; the B. the; aC. 不填; a D. a; the14. Mrs. Hanson, a housewife bent on getting _higher education, has been going to college, a few courses at _time for 7 years. A. a; a B. 不填; theC. the; a D. 不填; 不填15. （2010吉林省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)二模） More than one answer _ to the questions. A. had given B. were given C. has been given D. have been given16. A lack of _of cultural differences to local customs can create problems. A. existence B. revolutionC. awareness D. evidence17. Hi, what did our monitor say just now? Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube _asked to be at the school gate before 6; 30 in the morning. A. is B. were C. are D. was18. According to news reports personal _of guns in the USA causes a lot of trouble. A. wealth B. possession C. matter D. problem19. We must take strict measures to preserve water resources in the face of _severe lack of water worsened by _factors such as overuse, pollution and drought. A. the; the B. a; 不填C. 不填; the D. the; 不填20. Chinese President Hu Jintao and French President Sarkozy met in London and agreed China and France have common _in many fields. A. affairs B. businesses C. projects D. interests21. Local people said Israeli troops were seen before dawn Sunday in _town of Beit Lahiya, _north of Gaza City. A. 不填; 不填 B. a; theC. the; the D. the; 不填22. Every possible means _been tried, however, nothing can help _the poor child from the danger. A. have; prevent B. has; preventC. has; protect D. have; protect23. Have you found anything interesting? None of the information _particularly useful to me. A. is B. are C. have D. has24. Do the students learn any foreign language in your school? Yes, more than one _taught in this school.A. language is B. language areC. language be D. languages are25. He told me that he had mailed part of the samples and that the rest _in a few days. A. was following B. have followedC. has followed D. were following26 An experienced doctor usually judges a patients illness according to the various_. A. signs B. symptomsC. signals D. appearances27 With his wise thoughts about _nature and the world, Confucius is a great thinker in _history of China. A. 不填; the B. the; theC. 不填; 不填 D. the; 不填28. A lack of _of cultural differences to local customs can create problems. A. existence B. revolutionC. awareness D. evidence29. The lawyer advised him to drop the _since he stands little chance to win. A. case B. event C. incident D. affair30. When a giraffe has _drink, it has to stand with its front legs wide apart to reach _water. A. 不填; 不填 B. a; theC. the; 不填 D. 不填; the31. Hi, what did our monitor say just now? Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube _asked to be at the school gate before 6; 30 in the morning. A. is B. were C. are D. was32. It seems that Westerners seldom give their friends financial help. Maybe. For them _friendship is mostly _matter of providing emotional support and spending time together. A. 不填; the B. the; aC. 不填; a D. a; the33. Id like him to know that I dont want to be with him, but he never gets the_ . A. message B. news C. information D. word34. Mrs. Hanson, a housewife bent on getting _higher education, has been going to college, a few courses at _time for 7 years. A. a; a B. 不填; theC. the; a D. 不填; 不填35. The _of Jay Chows concert made most of the audience present get wild. A. environment B. influenceC. impression D. atmosphere36. Reading is_ good habit. Stick to it, and youll make _great progress. A. a; / B. a; a C. the; a D. /; a37. Frankly speaking, its peoples _to keep their promise that really annoys me. A. habit B. mistake C. loss D. failure38. According to news reports personal _of guns in the USA causes a lot of trouble. A. wealth B. possession C. matter D. problem39. We must take strict measures to preserve water resources in the face of _severe lack of water worsened by _factors such as overuse, pollution and drought. A. the; the B. a; 不填C. 不填; the D. the; 不填40. Chinese President Hu Jintao and French President Sarkozy met in London and agreed China and France have common _in many fields. A. affairs B. businesses C. projects D. interests答案1 B 2 A 3 D 4 C5、 【解析】選A?？疾槊~辨析。律師建議他放棄這個(gè)案子, 因?yàn)樗A的機(jī)會(huì)很小。case案例, 案子; event重大事件; incident事件; affair瑣事, 小事。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。6【解析】選A。句意為; 我想讓他知道我不想和他在一起, 但他就是不明白我的意思。get the message為習(xí)語, 意為“明白, 理解, 領(lǐng)悟, 知悉（某人的暗示等）”。7【解析】選D?？疾槊~的辨析。句意為; 周杰倫音樂會(huì)上的氣氛讓大多數(shù)聽眾發(fā)狂。environment環(huán)境; influence影響; impression印象, 感想; atmosphere大氣, 氣氛。根據(jù)句意選D。8【解析】選D。句意為; 坦白地講, 人們不能履行自己的諾言使我很惱火。failure失敗; habit習(xí)慣; mistake錯(cuò)誤; loss損耗, 喪失。9 B 10 C11【解析】選A?？疾楣谠~的用法。nature表示“自然”時(shí), 為不可數(shù)名詞, 前面不用冠詞。第二空處的history后面有修飾成分, 特指“中國歷史”, 所以要使用定冠詞。12【解析】選B?？疾楣谠~。have a drink是固定短語; 第二個(gè)空是表示特指, 故用定冠詞。 13【解析】選C?？疾楣谠~。第一空是泛指, 表示“友誼”, 前面不用冠詞; 第二空a matter of表示“一件的事情, 關(guān)于”, 是特定用法。句意為; 對(duì)西方人而言, 友誼大多關(guān)于情感支持和共度時(shí)光。14【解析】選A?？疾楣谠~。第一空表泛指; 第二空at a time是固定詞組, 表示“每次, 依次”。所以A項(xiàng)正確。15 C16【解析】選C。句意為; 缺乏地方習(xí)俗之間存在文化差異的意識(shí)可能會(huì)引發(fā)問題。awareness意識(shí); existence存在; revolution革命; evidence證據(jù)。17【解析】選A。考查主謂一致。every. . . and every. . . 結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式, 由此排除B、C兩項(xiàng); 根據(jù)前面的are to visit Water Cube的時(shí)態(tài)可知, A項(xiàng)正確。18【解析】選B?？疾槊~。句意為; 根據(jù)新聞報(bào)道, 在美國私人擁有槍支引起了很多麻煩。wealth財(cái)富, 財(cái)產(chǎn); possession擁有, 占有; matter問題, 物質(zhì); problem問題。19【解析】選D?？疾楣谠~用法。句意為; 面對(duì)因過度用水、污染及干旱因素而惡化的缺水問題, 我們必須采取嚴(yán)厲的措施來保護(hù)水資源。第一個(gè)空應(yīng)填定冠詞the, 特指嚴(yán)重的缺水問題; 第二個(gè)空后的名詞factors是復(fù)數(shù), 前面一般不用冠詞。故D項(xiàng)正確。20【解析】選D?？疾槊~辨析。句意為; 中國國家主席胡錦濤和法國總統(tǒng)薩科奇在倫敦會(huì)晤, 一致認(rèn)為中國和法國在許多領(lǐng)域有著共同的利益。affair事情, 公共事務(wù)（常用復(fù)數(shù)）; business企業(yè), 公司, 商店; project工程, 項(xiàng)目; interest愛好, 利益（常用復(fù)數(shù)）。21【解析】選D?？疾楣谠~。因?yàn)閠own后面有of Beit Lahiya限定, 因此前面使用定冠詞the; north這里是方位副詞, 因此前面不用冠詞。22【解析】選C。根據(jù)句意; “每種可能的方法都已經(jīng)嘗試了, 然而, 沒有什么能保護(hù)這個(gè)可憐的孩子不受到危險(xiǎn)的傷害”。every means是單數(shù), 所以用“has”, 排除A、D兩項(xiàng); 而prevent. . . from. . . 是“阻止某人做某事或阻止某事發(fā)生”, 不合題意。23【解析】選A?？疾橹髦^一致。依據(jù)后文的particularly useful可以排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。而information又是不可數(shù)名詞, 所以謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。24【解析】選A?？疾橹髦^一致。句意為; 你們學(xué)校的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)外語嗎? 是的。我們學(xué)校不止教一種語言25【解析】選D?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意為; 他告訴我部分樣品已經(jīng)寄出, 剩下的（樣品）幾天后寄出。從時(shí)態(tài)角度考慮, 本句講的是過去的事情, 故用過去時(shí), 排除B、C兩項(xiàng); 然后考慮主謂一致原則, the rest相當(dāng)于the rest of the samples, 表復(fù)數(shù), 故謂語動(dòng)詞需用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 故答案為D。26【解析】選B?？疾槊~辨析。sign標(biāo)記, 跡象, 記號(hào); symptom癥狀; signal信號(hào); appearance外觀, 外表。顯然只有B項(xiàng)符合題意, 即醫(yī)生根據(jù)病人的癥狀判斷病情。27【解析】選A?？疾楣谠~的用法。nature表示“自然”時(shí), 為不可數(shù)名詞, 前面不用冠詞。第二空處的history后面有修飾成分, 特指“中國歷史”, 所以要使用定冠詞。28【解析】選C。句意為; 缺乏地方習(xí)俗之間存在文化差異的意識(shí)可能會(huì)引發(fā)問題。awareness意識(shí); existence存在; revolution革命; evidence證據(jù)。29【解析】選A?？疾槊~辨析。律師建議他放棄這個(gè)案子, 因?yàn)樗A的機(jī)會(huì)很小。case案例, 案子; event重大事件; incident事件; affair瑣事, 小事。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。30【解析】選B?？疾楣谠~。have a drink是固定短語; 第二個(gè)空是表示特指, 故用定冠詞。31【解析】選A?？疾橹髦^一致。every. . . and every. . . 結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式, 由此排除B、C兩項(xiàng); 根據(jù)前面的are to visit Water Cube的時(shí)態(tài)可知, A項(xiàng)正確。32【解析】選C?？疾楣谠~。第一空是泛指, 表示“友誼”, 前面不用冠詞; 第二空a matter of表示“一件的事情, 關(guān)于”, 是特定用法。句意為; 對(duì)西方人而言, 友誼大多關(guān)于情感支持和共度時(shí)光。33【解析】選A。句意為; 我想讓他知道我不想和他在一起, 但他就是不明白我的意思。get the message為習(xí)語, 意為“明白, 理解, 領(lǐng)悟, 知悉（某人的暗示等）”。34【解析】選A。考查冠詞。第一空表泛指; 第二空at a time是固定詞組, 表示“每次, 依次”。所以A項(xiàng)正確。35【解析】選D。考查名詞的辨析。句意為; 周杰倫音樂會(huì)上的氣氛讓大多數(shù)聽眾發(fā)狂。environment環(huán)境; influence影響; impression印象, 感想; atmosphere大氣, 氣氛。根據(jù)句意選D。36 【解析】選A?？疾楣谠~。第一個(gè)空用a表示“一個(gè)”; progress是不可數(shù)名詞, 故前面不加冠詞, make progress意為“取得進(jìn)步”。37【解析】選D 。句意為; 坦白地講, 人們不能履行自己的諾言使我很惱火。failure失敗; habit習(xí)慣; mistake錯(cuò)誤; loss損耗, 喪失。38【解析】選B?？疾槊~。句意為; 根據(jù)新聞報(bào)道, 在美國私人擁有槍支引起了很多麻煩。wealth財(cái)富, 財(cái)產(chǎn); possession擁有, 占有; matter問題, 物質(zhì); problem問題。39【解析】選D?？疾楣谠~用法。句意為; 面對(duì)因過度用水、污染及干旱因素而惡化的缺水問題, 我們必須采取嚴(yán)厲的措施來保護(hù)水資源。第一個(gè)空應(yīng)填定冠詞the, 特指嚴(yán)重的缺水問題; 第二個(gè)空后的名詞factors是復(fù)數(shù), 前面一般不用冠詞。故D項(xiàng)正確。40【解析】選D。考查名詞辨析。句意為; 中國國家主席胡錦濤和法國總統(tǒng)薩科奇在倫敦會(huì)晤, 一致認(rèn)為中國和法國在許多領(lǐng)域有著共同的利益。affair事情, 公共事務(wù)（常用復(fù)數(shù)）; business企業(yè), 公司, 商店; project工程, 項(xiàng)目; interest愛好, 利益（常用復(fù)數(shù)）?！菊骖}在線】1. （2010江蘇卷T22）The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _.A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization 2.（2010安徽卷T25）I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond .A. hearing B. strength C. recognition D. measure3. （2010湖北卷T21）This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. circle4. （2010江西卷T 35）.Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a(n) of 40,000 per year.A. averageB. numberC. amountD. quantity5.（2010四川卷T 15）. Such poets as Shakespeare widely read, of whose works, however, some difficult to understand.A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are6. （2010天津卷T3）. James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.A. room B. area C. field D. position7. （2010浙江卷16）. The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct _ .A. solution B. target C. measure D. function8. （2010江蘇卷T21）The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _ people from all walks of life are working hard for_ new Jiangsu.A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. the; a D. the; the 9. （2010福建卷T 21）. Its good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them _pleasure.A. 不填, a B. a, 不填 C. the, a D. a, the10. （2010遼寧卷T22）There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.Athe; the B. 不填; the Cthe; 不填 Da; the11. (2010山東卷T22） If we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view.A. 不填；the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the12. （2010四川卷T2）. In most countries, a university degree can give you flying start in life.A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a13. （2010浙江卷T2）. Many lifestyle patterns do such _ great harm to health that they actually speed up _weakening of the human body.A. a; / B. /; the C. a; the D. /; /14. （2010重慶卷T27）.Everything comes with price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the world.A. a, a B. the, / C. the, / D. a, /15.（2009全國卷T22）Lets go to _cinemathatll take your mind off the problem for _while. A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a16.（2009全國卷T 14）What I need is _book that contains _ABC of oil painting. A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the 17.（2009北京T 33）The biggest whale is _blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _9-story building. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a 18.（2009湖北T 25）Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for_ building. A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character 19.（2009湖北T 26）In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _for everyone to stand up. A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure 20.（2009湖南T 33）Either you or one of your students _to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. A. are B. is C. have D. be21.（2009陜西 T 6）What _pity that you couldnt be there to receive _prize!A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the22.（2009陜西 T 7）Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _visit Beijing this summer. A. is going to B. are going toC. was going to D. were going to23.（2009陜西 T 20）From their _on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation 24.（2009重慶 T 26）Washing machines made by China have won _worldwide attention and Haier has become _popular name. A. a; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a 25.（2009山東T 25）The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _rising steadily since 1997. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 26.（2009山東T 29） He says that my new car is a _of money. Dont you think those words are just sour grapes? A. lack B. load C. question D. waste 27.（2009福建T 29）The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any _when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009. A. delay B. effortC. schedule D. consideration28.（2009安徽T 21）We can never expect _bluer sky unless we create _less polluted world. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the 29.（2009安徽T 31）China has