2018年高三英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)專題1.1Friendship詞匯短語含解析.docx

專題1.1 Friendship【學(xué)以致用】一、重點詞匯細(xì)解1.upset adj.心煩意亂的；不安的；不適的vt.使不安；使心煩；打翻 Your friend comes to school very upset.你的朋友來到學(xué)校心煩意亂。(1) be (feel) upset about/over/at sth. 為某事煩心 be upset to do sth. 為做某事感到不安/難過 be upsetthat clause 讓人不安(2) (sth.) upset sb. (某事)使某人心煩意亂 (sb.) upset sth. (某人)打/弄翻某物 upset a plan/an arrangement 打亂計劃/安排 It upsets sb. that.讓某人心煩的是 A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket and became quite upset.一個乘客意識到他找不到車票了，變得很難過。 She was still upset about/over/at losing her love.她還在為失戀而心煩意亂。It upset her that nobody had bothered to tell her about it.讓她不高興的是誰也沒有把這件事告訴她。He arrived an hour late upsetting our arrangements/，which upset our arrangement.他遲到了一個小時候，把我們的安排打亂了。He stood up suddenly，_upsetting_ a cup of coffee on my shirt. 他突然站起來，結(jié)果將一杯咖啡打翻在我的襯衫上。2. ignore vt. 不理睬；忽視；不顧(強(qiáng)調(diào)“裝作不知道或沒看到”You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.你將不理睬鈴聲而到僻靜之處去安慰你的朋友。ignorant adj. 無知的；愚昧的；不知道的ignorance n. 無知；愚昧；不知道ignore sb./sth. 不理睬某人/假裝不知道或未見be ignorant of/about sth.be in ignorance of sth. 不知道某事She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看見他走來，但沒有理睬他。 He is ignorant of farm life.He is in ignorance of farm life.他對農(nóng)莊生活一無所知。If the baby is put into a unfamiliar room without its mother, it i_the toys no matter how interesting they might be. 3.calm vt. & vi. 使平(鎮(zhèn))靜；(使)鎮(zhèn)定adj.平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的 You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.你將不理睬鈴聲而到僻靜之處去安慰你的朋友 calm sb. down使某人平靜下來 calm down平靜/鎮(zhèn)靜下來 stay/keep/be calm保持鎮(zhèn)定 One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest，the next，the air was charged with tension.樹林中那一刻是那么的安詳寧靜，接著，空氣中充滿了緊張的氣氛。Wu Bin, the most beautiful driver in Hangzhou, _kept/stayed calm when he was injured seriously.杭州最美司機(jī)吳斌在嚴(yán)重受傷的情況下仍然保持鎮(zhèn)靜。詞語辨析calm(天氣、水面)風(fēng)平浪靜；(人)鎮(zhèn)定自如 quiet 寧靜、安靜、寂靜，側(cè)重沒有響聲、噪音或動靜；指人時側(cè)重性格溫和、文靜 silent 沉默的、不發(fā)言的、不說話的 still 指人時側(cè)重一動不動；指物時指完全沒有聲音，突出靜止不動 Its bad manners to keep _ when the teacher asks you a question. The little girl was so _ that nobody noticed she was in the room. Stand _ until I came back. Not until the sea was _ did the fishermen go out to sea.4.concern n關(guān)心，擔(dān)憂；關(guān)心的人(或)事vt.涉及，關(guān)系到，參與；使擔(dān)心，使操心 You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her and you will meet after class and talk then.告訴你的朋友你關(guān)心他(她)，你下課后會和他(她)說。必會 (1)concern oneself about 對表示關(guān)心/擔(dān)心 (2)concerned adj.擔(dān)心的；關(guān)注的；相關(guān)的 be concerned about/for 擔(dān)心；關(guān)心 be concerned with 與有關(guān)；涉及 as/so far as. be concerned 就而言；依之見 (3)show/express ones concern about/for/over 某人關(guān)心；某人掛念 (4)concerning prep.有關(guān)；關(guān)于 My achievement is a major concern of my parents.我的成績是我父母的一個主要關(guān)注的問題。As far as Im concerned，I disagree with his idea.就我個人而言，我不同意他的想法。 More and more people concern themselves about/are concerned about/for healthy problems.越來越多的人關(guān)心健康問題。It was reported that some famous singers were concerned with taking drugs.據(jù)報道，一些著名歌手涉嫌吸毒。Concerning his advice, there will be a discussion.關(guān)于他的建議，將開個會來討論一下。5.power n能力；力量；權(quán)力 The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.漆黑的夜晚，風(fēng)雨交加，電閃雷鳴，我全然被這種力量鎮(zhèn)住了。be in power 執(zhí)政；掌權(quán) come to power 上臺；執(zhí)政 have the power to do sth. 具有做某事的能力 beyond/out of ones power 力所不能及；超出某人的能力She lost her power of speech/hearing.她失去了說話的能力/聽力。 I had always believed that such a thing was beyond /out of my power.我一直認(rèn)為做這樣一件事是我能力所不及的。 Obama _came to power_at the beginning of 2009.奧巴馬于2009年初上臺執(zhí)政。詞語辨析power 主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，還可以指職權(quán)或政權(quán)， 電力，動力strength 指固有的潛力。說人時，指力氣；說物時，指強(qiáng)度。還可指優(yōu)點，長處。 force 主要指自然界的力量；也可以指暴力、勢力或軍事力量等。 energy 主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。 用energy, power, force和strength填空。Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of _.The party came to _ at the last election.Gandhi insisted on winning independence by peaceful struggles, not by _.This party has been in _for two years.Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his _.Have a good rest; you need to save your _for the tennis match this afternoon.Maths is one of her many _. 6.suffer v遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.她感到孤獨，但她得學(xué)會喜歡住在那里。suffer pain/loss/defeat/poverty/hunger/punishment/hardship/damage/.遭受痛苦/損失/失敗/貧困/饑餓/懲罰/艱難/損傷 suffer from headache/heart failure/loss of memory(疾病類詞) suffering n(身體或心靈上的）痛苦，疼痛，苦難How long have you been _ _ a headache?你頭痛有多久了？The factory _ a great loss in the fire.這家工廠在大火中遭受了重大損失。 答案：suffering fromsuffered7. series n. 系列；連續(xù)【教材原句】“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.”她說，“我不愿像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水賬。我要把這本日記當(dāng)作我的朋友，我要把我這個朋友稱作基蒂”。a series of一連串的；一系列的 a series of exams 一連串的考試 a TV series一部電視連續(xù)劇Then began a series of wet days that spoiled our vacation.之后就是一連串的下雨天，把我們的假期弄得一團(tuán)糟。There was a series of car accidents at the crossing this morning.今天早晨在十字路口發(fā)生了一連串的交通事故。 (1)series 屬于單復(fù)數(shù)同形的單詞，類似的單詞還有 means, species, works(工廠)，deer, fish, sheep 等。(2)“a series of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，但“these/those series of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。It is an article _這是一篇關(guān)于那部電視連續(xù)劇的文章。Theres been _ on this road recently. 最近在這條路上發(fā)生了一連串的事故。So far a series of problems _ brought about by this decision. AhaveBhas Chave been Dhas been8settle vi. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居；安排；解決【教材原句】She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place, because she was concerned about whether they would be discovered.她覺得在藏身之處難以安定和平靜下來，因為她擔(dān)心他們是否會被發(fā)現(xiàn)。 She settled in the city after her fathers death.父親去世后她就在城市里定居了。They settled their quarrel in a friendly way.他們友好地解決了他們的爭端。Lets settle down to the work.我們開始工作。 settle in/into (使)適應(yīng)(新的家、工作、環(huán)境等)，習(xí)慣于；安頓下來settle down 安居下來；定居，過安定生活，舒適地坐下或躺下settle on/upon 同意，決定；在某處停留/棲息 settle down to n/v.ingget down to n/v.ing開始認(rèn)真做，專心于 settle ones affairs 安排/解決好自己的事情settle a dispute/an argument 解決爭端I sorted out my mails, and then_(開始做一些嚴(yán)肅的工作)They_(結(jié)婚了并定居在) London.According to his letter,he had to _ his affairs in Paris before he could return home Asettle Bsuffer Cpack Dpersuade 【答案】 9recover vi. & vt.痊愈；恢復(fù)；重新獲得 How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when its so dirty.在這么臟的房間里琳達(dá)怎么能康復(fù) recover from從中恢復(fù) recover onself恢復(fù)正常；使清醒 recover losses/ones lost watch彌補(bǔ)損失/找回失去的手表 當(dāng)表示“恢復(fù)健康”時，recover是不及物動詞，表示“找回、彌補(bǔ)”時，recover是及物動詞。The police the stolen motorbike for the woman and the woman _ depression.警察為這位婦女找回了被偷的摩托，這位婦女不再沮喪了。It took a long time for him to _ _ a bad cold.他患重感冒，很長時間才康復(fù)。Jane made a great effort to _ _.簡努力使自己鎮(zhèn)定下來。The police _ the stolen jewellery.警方找回了被盜的珠寶。 10grateful adj.感激的；表示謝意的 同義詞thankfulI would be grateful if you could give me some advice.你如果能給我一些建議我將非常感激。We are grateful _ you _ all you have done.我們感激你為我們所做的一切。 答案：to；for二、核心短語回顧1add up 合計；把加起來 Add up your score and see how many points you get.把你的分?jǐn)?shù)加起來看看你能得多少分。add up to 總共；總計 add to 增加；增添(多用于抽象意義) add sth. to sth. 把加到上 add that. 補(bǔ)充說The figures _ _ _ 120.這些數(shù)字加起來是120。The bad weather _ _ our trouble.惡劣的天氣給我們增添了麻煩。Please add some sugar to the milk to make it more delicious.請在牛奶里加些糖，使牛奶更美味?！癢ere accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things，” he added.“我們習(xí)慣于打包做所有的事情，”他補(bǔ)充說。 What you said just _.你的話簡直是火上澆油。2go through 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受；仔細(xì)檢查；完成；用完 Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through？或者害怕你的朋友嘲笑你，或者不理解你正經(jīng)歷的事情？go against違反，與不符,不利于go after追求；追趕go ahead前進(jìn)；請說(做)吧go by走過；(時間)過去go up爬上；(價格等)上升go out外出；(燈、火)熄滅go over檢查；復(fù)習(xí)They both have gone through difficult times.他們兩個人都經(jīng)歷了困難時期。I always start the day by _ _ my emails.我每天第一件事就是看電子郵件。The plan _ _， which made us all happy.這項計劃通過了，這使我們都非常高興。I had just _ _ my homework when the telephone rang.我剛完成作業(yè)這時電話響了。To get a better grade, you should _ _ the notes again before the test.要想獲得更好的成績，你應(yīng)該在考試之前再復(fù)習(xí)一下筆記。 Luck _ me these days.這幾天我運氣很背。As time went by, the situation became worse.隨著時間的推移，形勢更糟糕了。3 set down 放下；記下；登記；讓下車 I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do.我不愿像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記一連串的事實 set up開辦；建立；設(shè)立set aside留出；撥出(時間、金錢等)；不顧；把置于一邊set off出發(fā)；動身；引起；使爆炸set out to do sth.開始、著手做某事set about doing sth.著手做某事The reporter set down everything that happened then.記者記下了當(dāng)時所發(fā)生的一切。 The bus stopped to set _an old lady.公共汽車停下來讓一個老太太下車。 Ralph WEmerson would always set_ new ideas that occurred to him.(2014陜西卷) Ralph WEmerson總是把自己想到的新想法記錄下來。 They set _for London just after ten.10點之后他們動身去倫敦。We need to set _finding a solution to the problem.我們需要著手尋找這一問題的解決方法了。 In much of the animal world，night is the time set _for sleeppure and simple.在動物的世界中，晚上是留出來睡覺的時間既清楚明白又簡簡單單。答案：downdownoffaboutaside4on purpose 故意地 I met him _ _ yesterday.昨天我偶然遇到了他。She went to Austria _ _ _ _ studying music.他為了學(xué)習(xí)音樂去了奧地利。 答案：by chance/by accidentfor/with the purpose of5in order to為了，以便I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.我熬到11點半故意不睡覺，為的是獨自好好看看月亮。 (1)in order to 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語，可置于句首或句末，可換成 to (do sth.)。so as to 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語，其位置一般在句末。(2)否定結(jié)構(gòu)：in order not to do 和 so as not to do。(3)前后兩部分主語一致時，才能用 in order to 或 so as to 來引導(dǎo)，否則，改用 so that 或 in order that 來引導(dǎo)。同義句轉(zhuǎn)換I went home in order that I could change my clothes.I went home _my clothes.I went home _ my clothes.We started early so that we could get to the meeting on time.We started early _we could get to the meeting on time.We started early _get to the meeting on time.【答案】in order to change; to change in order that; in order to選擇填空 After graduation he took all his works to London _ get a g