高三英語總復習課件：語法11定語從句.ppt

專項語法十一 定語從句 要點精析 一、關系代詞that與which的用法區(qū)別 1關系代詞指物，而引導詞只用which不用that的情況： (1)關系代詞指物，作介詞賓語的時候。 This is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks. 這是他們在過去幾周討論了多次的問題。,(2)關系代詞指代前面的整個句子，引導非限制性定語從句時。 He failed in the exam, which made his father angry. 他考試不及格，這使他父親很生氣。 2that和which都指物時，在下列四種情況下只能用that而不能用which。 (1)當先行詞是all, everything, something, nothing, anything, much, little, few等不定代詞時。 There was little that I could do for you. 我不能為你做什么。,That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要說的。 (2)當先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。,(3)當先行詞被the very, the only, the just等修飾時。 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 這正是我要買的詞典。 Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他惟一認識的外國人。 (4)當人和物同時作先行詞時。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他們正在談論的人和事嗎？,(5)當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。 Which is the bike that you lost? 哪一輛是你丟失的自行車？ Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 獲金牌的小男孩是誰？,二、介詞關系代詞 1“介詞關系代詞”中介詞的賓語只能是which(指物)或whom(指人)。 There are 45 students in our class, up to half of whom are boys. 我們班有45人，多達一半是男生。 In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的大街上沒有一個人能為她提供幫助。,2在“復合介詞短語which”引導定語從句時，這種定語從句常與先行詞用逗號隔開，從句用倒裝語序。 He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree. 他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大樹。 3“介詞which/whom不定式”結(jié)構。 The poor man has no house in which to live. 那個可憐的人沒有房子住。,4“ofwhich/whom”表示所屬關系。(表所屬關系也可用whose) Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which(whose price)was very reasonable. 最近我買了個古代的花瓶，它的價錢很合理。,例1 (2010龍巖檢測)Samuel received a training course in drawing for three years，_he got a good opportunity for further development. Aafter that Bafter which Cafter it Dafter this 解析：考查定語從句。after which he got a good opportunity for further development是非限制性定語從句。故選B。 答案：B,例2 (2009陜西)Gun control is a subject_Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 解析：此題考查“介詞關系代詞”引導的定語從句。句意：槍支控制是美國人爭論了很長時間的一個話題。先行詞為subject，帶入定語從句后為：Americans have argued about the subject for a long time.由此可知，先行詞在定語從句中作about的賓語，介詞about提前，故用關系代詞which。故選C。 答案：C,其中關系代詞as在從句中擔當主語、賓語或表語。 We have found such materials as are used in their factory. 我們已經(jīng)找到了像他們工廠里的那種材料。(as作主語) These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作賓語) 這些房子以人們期望的低價出售。 He is not the same man as he was. 他和過去不同了。(as作表語),溫馨提示 (1)such.as.(定語從句)像那樣 such.that.(狀語從句)如此以至于 This is such an easy question as I can answer. (定語從句)這是一個我能回答的簡單問題。 This is such an easy question that I can answer it. (狀語從句)這是個簡單的問題，我能回答。,例 (2010福州檢測)Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest_everyone likes to visit. Athat Bas Cwhich Dwhat 解析：as everyone likes to visit是定語從句，修飾先行詞place, as在從句中作visit的賓語，此句是“such.as.”結(jié)構。如果理解為結(jié)果狀語從句而選擇A項，需要在題干中visit后加上it。故選B。 答案：B,(2)the same.as.表示相似的東西 the same.that.表示同一人或物 This is the same knife as I lost. 這把小刀和我丟的那把一樣。 This is the same knife that I lost. 這把小刀就是我丟的那一把。 四、關系代詞as, which的區(qū)別 1as引導的非限制性定語從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時還可插入主句中，而which引導的非限制性定語從句只能置于主句之后。相同的是兩者都可替代主句的整個內(nèi)容。,例 (2010四川，10)After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, _ turned out to be a wise decision. Athat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere 解析：句意：大學畢業(yè)以后，我抽出了一點時間去旅游，這后來證明是個明智的決定。句中所填處是非限制性定語從句的引導詞，不可用that；且在從句中作主語，不可用when和where。 答案：B,2當非限制性定語從句放在主句前面時，只能用as。 As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everybody. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month. 后兩句屬名詞性從句范疇。,3as意為“正如”，后面的謂語動詞多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report, announce等；which意為“這一點”。 As is known to all, Edison invented the telephone. Edison invented the telephone, as is known to all.,例 (2010西安八校聯(lián)考)A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses，_has happened in Iraq. Awhat Bas Cthat Done 解析：as為關系代詞，引導定語從句，指代前面的整個句子。故選B。 答案：B,2當先行詞是表示時間的名詞時，應注意引導詞在定語從句中所作的成分。 Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao? 你還記得我們一起在青島度過的日子嗎？ Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao? 你還記得我們在青島過暑假的日子嗎？,3當先行詞為case, point, position, situation, activity, scene, stage等表“情形，狀況”含義的詞且關系詞在從句中作狀語時，常用where引導定語從句。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他們已經(jīng)到了必須彼此分手的地步。,例 (2009福建)Its helpful to put children in a situation_they can see themselves differently. Athat Bwhen Cwhich Dwhere 解析：句意：把孩子放在一個能使他們從另外一個角度認識自己的環(huán)境中對他們有益。先行詞是situation，代入定語從句后為：They can see themselves differently in the situation。由此可見，先行詞在定語從句中作狀語，故用關系副詞；而when表“時間”，不合本題要求，只有where符合本