英語句子概論和句子成分.ppt

英語句子概論 和句子成分,英語句子概論和句子成分,基本成分 附屬成分 獨(dú)立成分 省略成分 連接成分,簡單句 并列句 復(fù)合句,主語 不及物動(dòng)詞 （ S + Vi ） 主語 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語 ( S + Vt + O) 主語 系動(dòng)詞 表 (S + LV + predicative) 主語雙賓動(dòng)詞+間賓+直賓(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) 主語 賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)語 (S + Vt. + O + O. compl) There + be / stand/ lie / live.,簡單句的五種基本句型,主語、動(dòng)詞（不及物動(dòng)詞、及物動(dòng)詞、雙賓動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞)、賓語及補(bǔ)語可以稱為基本句子成分。 完整的句子一般至少包含2個(gè)基本成分，至多4個(gè)基本成分。,noun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing V-ed etc.,主語,謂語,賓語,表語,Vt,V-l,Vi,Noun / Pronoun The + adj V-ing / Clause Infinitive,Noun / Pronoun / The + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive,英語句子基本成分示意圖,be / feel / seem / look appear / stand / lie / taste / smell become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keep etc.,noun pronoun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing / V-ed clause etc.,主語 不及物動(dòng)詞 She came/ My head aches. 主語 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語 She likes English. 主語 系動(dòng)詞 主語補(bǔ)語 She is happy 主語 雙賓動(dòng)詞 間接賓語 直接賓語 She gave John a book She bought a book for me. 主語 賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)語 She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage. There +be There lies a book on the desk.,簡單句基本句型實(shí)例,附屬成分,基本成分的修飾語?？梢允牵?定語：即用來修飾名詞的單詞、短語或從句 狀語：即用來修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、短語或從句。,定 語 Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby She likes oranges imported from the USA. John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrations Have you seen the book on the desk? The boy playing over there is my brother. People there like sports.,John often came to chat with me John likes oranges very much Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago. Youd better stay here.,狀 語,Examples: Oh！What is that！（驚嘆詞） He has，alas，failed again Come here，John（呼語） Roll on，Ocean，roll on,句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影響句子的完整性。這種成分和句子的其他詞沒有語法的關(guān)系。,獨(dú)立成分,（You） Come here （I wish you）Good luck！ Some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggs He runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. ( I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.,句中被省略的成分，雖然未說出來，卻在句中表示一定的意思：,省略成分,簡單句,簡單句只有一個(gè)限定動(dòng)詞（即只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)），它是最小的句子單位。主要起下列四種作用中的一種。 作一種陳述 提出一個(gè)問題 發(fā)出一種命令或請求 表示一種感嘆,Examples: The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy. The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl. Stephen apologized at once. Does the shop close at 7 tonight? Shut the door. What a slow train this is!,連接成分實(shí)際上是一個(gè)連詞，用來連接兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)平行的詞、短語和分句。這種連詞叫做并列連詞。 另一類連接成分是用來連接兩個(gè)句子、且一個(gè)句子從屬于另一個(gè)句子（即從句）的連詞。這類連詞叫從屬連詞。從屬連詞主要用于引導(dǎo)各種從句。 一個(gè)完整的句子（主句或從句）必須包含2個(gè)到4個(gè)基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，還可包含一個(gè)或更多其他的句子成分。,連接成分,句子成分,金寨縣南溪中學(xué) 黃朝明,簡單句的基本詞序,主語 動(dòng)詞部分 賓語 狀語 （謂語） 方式 地點(diǎn) 時(shí)間 I bought a hat yesterday. The children ran home. The taxi driver shouted at me angrily. We ate our meal in silence. The car stopped suddenly. A young girl walked confidently in the room. They drove him away in a police car.,簡單句的擴(kuò)展成份,簡單句的主語、賓語可以加上一個(gè)短語（如定語）來擴(kuò)展，及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞也可以與其它短語（如狀語）連用進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。 I bought a rain coat with a warm lining. The dog jumped through the window. He is saving up to buy a mobile phone. A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven oclock. He worked like a madman in the garden on Saturday. The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.,兩個(gè)簡單句的主語可以連詞and、but、bothand、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also等連詞連接組成一個(gè)簡單句，但應(yīng)注意主語和謂語動(dòng)詞的一致性。 The boss is flying to Paris. His secretary is flying to Paris. The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris. Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris. The boss is flying to Rome. His secretary is not flying to Rome. The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome. The boss may be flying to Berlin. His secretary may be flying to Berlin. Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin. The boss is not flying to York. His secretary isnt flying to York. Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to York.,主語、謂語、賓語的合并,兩個(gè)簡單句的賓語可由and、bothand等連詞連接組成一個(gè)簡單句。 I met Jane. I met her husband. I met Jane and her husband. I met both Jane and her husband. It was cold. It was wet. It was cold and wet. I didnt meet Jane. I didnt meet her husband. I didnt meet either Jane or her husband. I met neither Jane nor her husband. 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上限定動(dòng)詞也可合并為一個(gè)簡單句。 We sang all night. We danced all night. We sang and danced all night.,主語、謂語、賓語的合并,并列句,需把幾個(gè)意思連接在一起時(shí)，可用分號(hào)或把兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡單句用并列連詞連接起來，這種結(jié)構(gòu)即構(gòu)成一個(gè)并列句。,用分號(hào)： We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.,用分號(hào)，后跟一個(gè)連接副詞： We fished all day; however, we didnt catch a thing.,用并列連詞（如and、but、so、yet等） We fished all day, but (we) didnt catch a thing.,并列句,常用并列連詞 coordinating conjunctions,平行并列連詞: 轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞： 因果并列連詞: 選擇并列連詞:,and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and then,but, however, while, yet,for, so,or, eitheror, neither nor,并列句,并列句的詞序：并列句基本上保留了簡單句的詞序。,主語 謂語 賓語 連詞 主語 動(dòng)詞 表語 Jimmy fell off his bike but (he) wasnt hurt.,五種簡單句型可用并列連詞連接起來組成并列句。,主 謂 狀（方式） 連 主 謂 表 Frank worked hard and (he ) became an architect. 主 謂 賓 連 主 謂 地點(diǎn) I ve got a cold, so I m going to bed. 主 謂 賓 賓補(bǔ) 連 主 謂 賓 They made him chairman, but (they) didnt increase his salary.,Exercise: 請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個(gè)并列句。,He was tired, so he went to bed.,1. He was tired. He went to bed.,2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.,3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.,He made a promise, but He didnt keep it.,The child hid behind his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.,由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或者一個(gè)以上從句所 構(gòu)成的句子。在英語書面語中應(yīng)用廣泛。 主句是一個(gè)完整的句子,它可以獨(dú)立存在。 從句是一個(gè)不完整的句子,它必須和一個(gè) 主句連用，不能獨(dú)立存在。 復(fù)合句可以通過把兩個(gè)以上簡單句連接 在一起構(gòu)成,但復(fù)合句的各組成部份并非 同等重要，其中一個(gè)句子由從屬連詞引 導(dǎo)（從句），用以修飾另一句子（主句）。 復(fù)合句 = 主句 + 從句,復(fù)合句,復(fù)合句是在簡單句的基礎(chǔ)上，通過從屬連詞將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上簡單句連接在一起而構(gòu)成。從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起形容詞、名詞、副詞的作用。復(fù)合句主要包含以下類型從句： 1. 主語從句 2. 賓語從句 3. 表語從句 4. 同位語從句 (名詞性從句) 5. 狀語從句 (副詞性從句) 6. 定語從句 (形容詞性從句),英文寫作中最常使用的從句 賓語從句 狀語從句 定語從句,復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句,He told me,the news.,that the match had been cancelled.,賓語,how much he was prepared to pay for my car.,that I could have the money without delay.,how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that I could have the money without delay.,when he was leaving for Paris.,that his father was working in that school.,賓語從句,復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句,I dont know,him.,He has finished his work,that he has finished his work. whether he has finished his work.,賓語從句,He is leaving for Washington.,that he is leaving for Washington. when he is leaving for Washington. why he is leaving for Washington. how he is leaving for Washington. whether he is leaving for Washington.,復(fù)合句與簡單句： 復(fù)合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句,the people,surprised,That,What he said what he did,主語,That he didnt know the answer,in the room.,定語,who were sitting in the room. who were present. whose sons were at war. who had signed the contract.,復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句,That,is,the fact.,表 語,what he needs. what he gave me. why he was late. because he was ill. what has happened.,復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句,He worked,in that factory,three years ago.,地點(diǎn)狀語,時(shí)間狀語,where his father worked,in that factory,where I lived,when he lived there,His father worked there.,I lived there.,He lived there three years ago.,復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句,Put the book,on the desk.,where you took it.,where it was.,地點(diǎn)狀語,where you found it.,You cant camp,here.,where there are a lot of trees.,wherever you like.,指出下列各從句的類型,I believe that everything is going on well. She was reading a novel when I came in. She is the girl who sings best in my class.,賓語從句,狀語從句,定語從句,Practice,用所給連詞連接句子。,He has found out.