技巧專題-閱讀理解.ppt

閱讀理解,高考技巧專題復習系列-,Sep. 2010,2010總體閱讀量為1921詞（不含標點及中文注 釋），閱讀速度大約為80詞/分鐘。比較近五年 的數(shù)據(jù)，全國卷1閱讀理解部分的總體閱讀量維 持在2000詞左右，且呈逐年下降的趨勢（2006 年閱讀量為2130詞，2009年為2078詞）。 在2010考試中，五篇文章閱讀量呈遞增關系， 其中D和E兩篇文章的閱讀量超過了400詞，要 做到足夠的耐心和細心。值得注意的是，雖然 E篇的正文部分字數(shù)達到了363詞，但題目字數(shù) 僅為106，降低做題難度，可以先讀題，然后帶 著問題有選擇地閱讀文章。,2010文章體裁與題材 A 應用文 旅游景點廣告 B 新聞報道 學校教育 C 說明文 介紹一種鳥類 D 議論文 寵物對人類生活的影響 E 記敘文 “我”去馬來西亞的火車旅行,2010年閱讀理解考點分布,主旨：3 （59，63，67） 細節(jié)：12（56，57，58，60，61，64，66， 69，70，71，72，74） 推理：4 （62，65，68，75） 詞匯：1 （73）,20道試題中，簡單題10道，中檔題6道， 難題4道，比例為5：3：2，在難度適當 的基礎上具有一定的區(qū)分度。,2009年閱讀理解考點分布,主旨：2（59，68） 細節(jié)：8（56，57，60，62，64，65，72，73） 推斷：6（58，61，63，70，74，75） 深層理解：2（67，71） 詞匯：2（66，69）,2010在詞匯方面的考查力度與2009相比略有 加強。 復合詞頻繁出現(xiàn)是一個特點。比如，A篇 出現(xiàn)了highly-praised、 birthplace和 wheelchair，B篇出現(xiàn)了timecard、 paychecks、product-related和guidelines等。 語法方面，出現(xiàn)了一些長難句，比如D篇第一段 要了解并列、轉折、因果等分句的特點以及從句 的劃分。,Reading comprehension,1、細節(jié)理解題(questions of details) 2、詞義猜測題(words in context) 3、推理判斷題(questions of inference) 4、主旨歸納題(main idea),1. questions of details,細節(jié)理解題,一般針對某個特定細節(jié)而提出，通讀短文后一般能直接找出答題依據(jù)。 推薦方法： 通讀全文，領悟大意，理解文章結構層次及細節(jié)； 并選用排除法排除不符合原文細節(jié)的選項，剩下的就是要選擇的最佳答案。,細節(jié)題 正確答案的特點：與原文情節(jié)表達手法不同，但所表達的意思相同。 干擾項的特點： 1. 是原文信息，但與題目要求不符； 2. 符合常識，但不符合原文內容； 3. 與原文情節(jié)極為相似，只是在程度上有些變動； 4. 選項中所提供的信息部分正確，部分錯誤； 5. 在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。,2. Words in context,詞義猜測題,從考查內容看，主要是猜測某個生詞、熟詞、短語或句子的意思以及猜測代詞的指代。,解題技巧： 充分利用文中已知信息推測、判斷詞義。 根據(jù)因果關系、對比關系、定義、解釋和復述來猜測詞義。,1.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word? 2.The word could best be replaced by 3.In the paragraph, the word means (refers to ) 4.According to the passage,probably means 5.The author uses the word to mean,Question forms:,Provide incentive. Tell your children the importance of saving. “For every dollar he or she agrees to save and invest rather than spend, you agree to add another dollar to the pot,” says Cathy Pareto, expert in money planning. （1分鐘）,The underlined word “incentive” in this paragraph means _. honor B. praise C. excitement D. encouragement, Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when theyre being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.” （1分鐘） They underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means _. A. value B. result C. performance D. connection,閱讀中常常會遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生、轉化或合成的新詞。掌握構詞法對猜測詞義很有幫助。, The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. As he began putting them into his bag, a dog came into the room. It stopped when it saw Buster, then wagged its tail madly and went over to him, licking his outstretched hand. “Good boy,” Buster whispered. “What a great guard dog you are - trying to lick me to death.” （2分鐘） Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the third paragraph? A. Messy and untidy. B. Rich and expensive. C. Comfortable and calming D. Foreign and unusual.,對比是描述、說明事物的常用方式。對比的事物是互為相反的，因此可根據(jù)反義或對比關系從已知推出未知。,猜測句意 正確答案的特點： 1. 與原句含義相同，但表達手法不同； 2. 是原句意思的高度概括。 干擾項也有一些特點： 1. 干擾項往往是片面的，不能涵蓋原句的全部意思； 2. 干擾項中的某個成分，如時間、地點等與原句存在出入； 3. 干擾項與原句意思完全不符。,We couldnt afford all the necessary medication for him, and because Dad was unable to work. I had no money for school supplies and often couldnt even buy food for dinner. I would sit in class feeling completely lost, the teachers words muffled as I tried to figure out how I was going to manage. （2006北京） What can we learn from the underlined sentence? A. Kerrel couldnt understand her teacher. B. Kerrel had special difficulty in hearing. C. Kerrel was too troubled to focus on the lesson. D. Kerrel was too tired to hear their teachers words.,3. questions of inference,推理判斷題,1. We can infer(推斷)from the passage that _ . 2.The story suggests(暗示)that _ . 3.We can conclude(得出結論)from the passage that _ . 4.Which of the following might / probably happened later ? 5.From the passage we can tell / learn _ . 6.The writer of the passage considers it _ . 7. Which of the following indicates / implies_?,Question forms:,Key point:意思要靠推斷得出，而不是從原文照搬,Steps: 1. Study the questions & understand them. 2. Find out key words or sentences according to them & analyze them carefully. 3. Delete the impossible choices if necessary. 4. Judge the remaining choices & make a choice that you think is the best.,判斷推理的題目中常含有infer、imply詞匯等。 干擾項的特點： 1. 將文章中的已知信息作為干擾項； 2. 將不符合事實、邏輯的判斷推理結果作為干擾項。,解題方法： 1. 判斷推理要以文中事實為依據(jù); 2. 不能將文中已經闡明的事實作自己的推斷; 3. 杜絕僅憑個人的看法，主觀臆斷。,1. Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called “the deathwatch beetle.“ （1分鐘） The sound of this beetle _. A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.,Practice:,2. It is said that people should take a lesson from the clock. The clock passes the time by keeping its hands busy. People who do what the clock does also pass the time by keeping their hands busy and not by sleeping the time away. （1.5分鐘） You can tell that busy people_ A. act like clocks. B. sleep the time away. C. dont do what clocks do. D. dont have hands.,3. It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you dont turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）the underside will die. （1.5分鐘） You can tell that rocks _. A. hurt sea animals B. protect sea animals C. wont be found on beaches D. cant be found on beaches,揣摩作者態(tài)度、意圖 正確答案的特點： 1. 是作者在原文中所表露的態(tài)度或意圖的同義、近義句； 2. 是作者在原文中所表露的態(tài)度或意圖的升華； 3. 是作者在原文中所表露的態(tài)度或意圖的概括。,其干擾項的特點為： 1. 是作者在文章中所批駁的觀點； 2. 是文章里所提到的某個細節(jié)，但并非作者的態(tài)度或意圖； 3. 是文章中根本未提及的內容。,4. How to get the main idea?,主旨歸納題,Characteristics of this kind of questions:,1. 該觀點是作者的觀點（不是他人的觀點，不是描寫、說明，也不一定是事實）。,2. 該觀點可能是作者提倡的，也可能是作者對他人觀點的批駁。,3. 作者的觀點只能有一個，其他的內容都起說明、論證作用。,4.主旨句具有歸納性、概括性、抽象性的特點。,5.常常結構復雜（命題者有意安排所致）。,Question forms:,The subject of the passage is _.,2.The main idea is _.,5.The title is _.,3.The passage mainly talks about _.,4.What topic is treated in this passage?,9.The point of the passage is that _.,8.Whats the topic of the first paragraph?,6.The best headline for the passage would be _.,7.Which title best gives the idea of the passage?,10.Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?,Two types: main idea; topic / title,1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? （1.5分鐘）,Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.,Practice：,2 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi- -onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance. （1分鐘）,So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance,3 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hu- -rry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. (2.5分鐘) The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buying A TV Set B. A Selling Method C. Buyer Beware D. TV On Sale,This sales method is called “bait and switch”.,(detail) (detail) (detail),誘售法,4 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.