汕尾浪花中學(xué)高考英語復(fù)習(xí)課件16.ppt

語法專項講練主謂一致,汕尾浪花中學(xué)高考英語復(fù)習(xí)課件16,語法精講,一、語法一致原則 主語單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，即主語是單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 Two students are waiting for you in your office. 兩名學(xué)生在辦公室等你。,語法精講,二、意義一致原則 (一)謂語動詞為單數(shù)的情況 1由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那個工人兼作家來自武漢。 2“no/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞andno/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞”作主語。,語法精講,Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一個人都很有理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。 3one/every one/each/either/the numberof復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語。 Each of the students has a book. 每個學(xué)生都有一本書。,語法精講,4由every-，any-，some-，no-和-one，-thing，-body等所構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語。 Is everybody here today？今天每個人都在這兒嗎？ 5非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 勸他加入我們看起來確實難。,語法精講,To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一個好習(xí)慣。 Whatever was left was taken away. 無論剩下了什么都被拿走了。,語法精講,【注意】 what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式，但若從句謂語或從句后的表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What they need are books.他們需要的是書。,語法精講,(二)謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況 1由and連接的兩個并列成分表示兩個不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黃油都賣完了。 2people，police，cattle等有生命的集體名詞作主語。 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人們在他們的業(yè)余時間以讀為樂。,語法精講,3一些常用作復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞， 如goods，stairs，arms等作主語。 The goods are sold out.商品都賣完了。 4由山脈、群島、瀑布、運動會等以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 奧運會每四年舉行一次。,語法精講,5a number of/quantities of/a group of名詞，作主語。 A number of other plants were found in America. 在美國發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的其他植物。,語法精講,(2009年高考福建卷)Why does the lake smell terrible? Because large quantities of water_. Ahave polluted Bis being polluted Chas been polluted Dhave been polluted,考點鏈接,語法精講,【解析】 句意：這湖水怎么這么難聞？因為大量的水已經(jīng)被污染了。本題考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致問題。water與pollute為被動關(guān)系，故排除A項；B表“正被污染”，故排除；large quantities of后加名詞，謂語動詞應(yīng)與quantities保持?jǐn)?shù)一致，故排除C項，答案為D項。 【答案】 D,語法精講,(三)謂語動詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定 1集體名詞class，family，army，team，club，population，enemy，party，crowd，crew，audience，public，government，majority，group等作主語，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指個體成員用復(fù)數(shù)。 The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas. 中國人口很多，其中80%的人住在農(nóng)村。,語法精講,2單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，謂語形式要根據(jù)其具體含義而定，這類詞有：means，works，pains，deer，fish，sheep等。 Every means has been tried to solve the problem，but none is effective. 每種方法都試過，但沒有一個有效。 There are various means of communicating with a stranger. 同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。,語法精講,3.“kind，sort，pair，type名詞”作主語，以這些名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 The kind of paper is made of straw. 這種紙是由稻草制成的。 Some kinds of animals are dying out. 一些種類的動物要滅絕了。 4all，none，some，any等不定代詞作主語，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。 All is going on very well.一切順利。 All are present besides the professor. 包括教授在內(nèi)大家都在。,語法精講,5“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)of名詞”作主語，謂語動詞要和of之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。 A lot of students are coming to the meeting. 有很多學(xué)生要來開會。 A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference. 準(zhǔn)備這次會議需要做大量的工作。,語法精講,三、就近一致原則 1由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常與最近的主語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 Neither you nor I am fit for the work. 你和我都不適合這份工作。 Are neither you nor I fit for the work? 你和我都不適合這份工作嗎？,語法精講,【注意】 “with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than名詞”置于主語后，謂語動詞一般仍與前面的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 Henry，rather than Jane and John，is responsible for the loss. 損失的責(zé)任應(yīng)由亨利而不是由簡和約翰來承擔(dān)。,語法精講,(2009年高考陜西卷)Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，_visit Beijing this summer. Ais going to Bare going to Cwas going to Dwere going to,考點鏈接,語法精講,【解析】 本題考查主謂一致。句意：Dr.Smith將在今年夏天和妻子女兒們一起游覽北京。由this summer可知本句應(yīng)用一般將來時，故排除C、D；together with連接并列主語時，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)取決于其前面的主語，故選A。 【答案】 A,語法精講,