作文范文(1-3Book2).ppt

,以下為作文語言形式單一化的常見類型:,1. 一味地使用短句或短句有余而長句不足。（寫短句是 絕大多數(shù)學生的普遍傾向。學生認識誤區(qū)：寫短句比 較有把握，不容易出錯，似乎安全系數(shù)大些。）,2. 有些簡單而又互相聯(lián)系的思想內(nèi)容，分散地用幾個單獨的句子來表達。松散的結(jié)構難以體現(xiàn)句子間的關系，使人摸不準作者頭腦中依次形成的邏輯關聯(lián)。,3. 句句皆是“主語+謂語+賓語”、“主語+系動詞+表語”等主語領先句，同一結(jié)構的堆積成為寫作技巧上的一個缺陷。,4. 語態(tài)“從一而終”；多見簡單句、陳述句。,5. 某一段落句子開頭主語從頭到尾一詞用到底。,即使作文的語法、詞匯及內(nèi)容無可挑剔，如果學生不能靈活掌握語言形式，結(jié)果也會或多或少影響到語言內(nèi)容的表達，難于達到理想的表達效果。,1. 恰如其分地合理穿插使用長句、短句兩種句子。,2. 用并列句、復合句來表達互相有聯(lián)系的思想內(nèi)容。,3. 開頭成份多樣化。選用不定式、分詞、介詞等短 語作狀語開句；采取多種從句或形式主語開句； 還可以選擇設問句、倒裝句、祈使句、強調(diào)句等 句型開句。,句型變化手段豐富多采。主動語態(tài)、被動語態(tài)交替使用；既大量用陳述句，也適當使用疑問句；簡單句、復合句變化運用。,遣詞造句形式多元化。句子開頭，以表示人、物的名詞或代詞做主語；通過人稱及單復數(shù)變化改換主語；同時還可用it為形式主語。,你在寫下篇作文時，將如何運用上面的方法寫出多樣的句型？,Dating Is Popular with College Students,Dating is a concept not far away from college students. On campus some lovers walk hand in hand, and some kiss or hug in public. When the majority of ones close friends are in committed (有密切關系的) relationships, to get rid of loneliness, some will date fellow classmates, while others are in long-distance relationships.,Different people show different attitudes. Young lovers say they have right and freedom to fall in love. Some parents think college students mature a litter faster, but its not good to start dating too early, and they should tell dating from marriage. Some teachers are worried that dating might be a great distraction (分散) from their schoolwork. School authorities (官方) neither encourage nor discourage it.,In my opinion, striking a balance between learning and dating is science as well as art. Students may benefit from these relationships. To balance work and play, they encourage each other to work hard. They can work more efficiently (有效率地) this way. So they get high grades while keeping a happy relationship. However, there are also some concerns: its a big deal for students to have a boyfriend or a girlfriend, and they should take their relationships seriously. When they love at first sight, they should love on second thought.,學生反映出表述不清的主要問題:,1. 使用了多余的詞、不必要的從句和短語，使意思重復，行文羅嗦，表達累贅。,2. 使用修飾語時，因為修飾語所處位置不當而引起句子歧義。,3. 追求難詞怪句。以為這種句子能得高分。,4. 中文式英文令讀者不知所云。,1. 同一層次、相關的意思用一個句子表達。適當合并“同類項”。,2. 使用修飾語時，一定要把修飾詞、短語或從句與它真正被修飾的詞靠近。,3. 真正的經(jīng)典名句都是用樸實無華的語言揭示生活哲 理。學生選取尋常的表達式，同樣可傳達真知灼 見。,不要想當然地杜撰；要想方設法利用自己有把握的表達手段清晰準確地表述。,你在寫下面這篇作文時，將如何運用上面的方法寫出表述清晰的文章？,Directions: Write a composition on the topic: How to Avoid Misunderstandings. Your composition should be no less than 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:,1. 誤解在日常生活中十分普遍； 2. 要避免誤解有許多辦法； 3. 只要注意，很多誤解可以避免。沒有誤 解，生活會更美好。,How to Avoid Misunderstandings?,Misunderstandings may frequently occur in our everyday life. For example, there is a misunderstanding when people use the same words but do not mean the same things. Misunderstanding may also arise between people who behave differently. Misunderstanding each other may cause a lot of trouble in our daily life. Many a quarrel has come about through misunderstanding. Generation gaps appear because of misunderstandings. A serious misunderstanding,fractures (使破裂) friendship. When a couple misunderstand each other badly, marriage is likely to break up. Misunderstanding can lead to great problems for both teachers and students. Then how can we clear up misunderstandings?,Misunderstandings can be avoided in many ways. Here are some tips. To begin with, dont use ambiguous (有歧義的) words. Speak plainly, clearly and directly. Next, highlight your important points. Make sure that others know what your major concerns are. Besides, be honest and modest. Claim to know what you know, dont claim to know what you dont know, and this is wisdom. (知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也。) Moreover, when you do not comprehend others fully, dont feel ashamed to ask, “Pardon,I didnt catch your meaning.” or “Im sorry. Would you please explain it again?” Finally, be aware of cultural differences. It is always smart to talk about misunderstandings and respect mutual (相互的) differences.,Though it is impossible to eliminate all misunderstandings, if you keep all the tips above in mind, you will, to the greatest extent, avoid many potential,misunderstandings and understand each other better. Without misunderstandings between people, the world will be a better one, and everyone can enjoy a harmonious (和諧的) and happy life.,語篇連貫(一),學生作文反映出的語篇連貫錯誤類型:,語義不連貫。思路脫軌，或時時轉(zhuǎn)軌，東拉西扯寫得很散，致使主題不突出。生拉硬扯、語義不明的句子使讀者難以把握作者應有的思路。,3. 缺乏必要的邏輯連貫。內(nèi)容排列雜亂無章，顯得前言不搭后語，令人十分費解。,2. 銜接不合理。段與段或句與句之間過渡不自然，呆板生 硬，使人難以了解學生真正的寫作意圖。,1. 利用提供的提綱、提示理清思路，確定段落間的 連貫?？窟m當選擇與合理淘汰素材，緊扣中心思 想或主題句，使語義具有整體一致性。,2. 在英語提綱適當位置標明可以使用的銜接手段， 如正確的關聯(lián)詞，使句與句、層次與層次、段落 與段落之間的銜接合理。,3. 辨明邏輯關系，分清內(nèi)容層次。用過程、因果、 綜述、對比和比較等組織方法，也可以利用時間、 空間順序等寫作技巧。,在寫下面這篇作文時，你怎樣注意連貫與銜接？,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: My Definition of Success. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 我對成功的定義； 2. 對成功定義的詳細闡述； 3. 小結(jié)。,Success is a magic word, and everyone is in constant pursuit of (不斷追求) success. But what exactly is success? Generally, success is the realization of ones hopes and justified (正當?shù)? ideals. Under such a general notion (概念，定義), however, people have different understandings of success because the hopes and ideals they appreciate (欣賞，珍惜) vary from individual to individual (因人而異). In my point of view, the definition of success includes four steps: 1) a goal to set; 2) challenges to be met; 3) the process of surmounting (克服) difficulties, and 4) the reward of success.,My Definition of Success,In the first step, one should set a goal that is worthy of pursuing and attainable with effort. Then success begins the moment one starts to pursue the goal. Following the goal-setting, there should be challenges and the process of surmounting difficulties in the pursuit of the goal. These two steps are essential because success acquires its value in accepting challenges, in overco