英語動名詞歸納總結(jié)W.doc

英語動名詞一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)律1、規(guī)則變化1) 一般情況直接在詞尾加-s . 如：chairchairs；appleapples；grapegrapes；deskdesks等。2）以s、sh、ch、x等結(jié)尾的詞加es .如：busbuses；watchwatches；boxboxes；brushbrushes等。3）以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y 為i 再加es，babybabies；citycities；familyfamilies等。4）以f或fe結(jié)尾的將f或fe直接換成ves. 如：knifeknives；thiefthieves；shelfshelves等。2、不規(guī)則變化1）沒有規(guī)律的變化。如：childchildren；footfeet；toothteeth；mousemice；womanwomen等。2）單復(fù)同形。如：deerdeer；sheepsheep；fishfish；yuanyuan；tofutofu；porkpork等。3）以o結(jié)尾的名詞有的加es有的加s. 如：potatopotatoes；tomatotomatoes；Heroheroes等。二、動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則1）直接在動詞后+s. 如：likelikes；playplays；readreads；getgets；helphelps；skiskis等。2）以s, x, sh, ch, 接尾的動詞：+es. 如：washwashes；wacthwatches；teachteaches；brushbrushes等。3）以輔音+o接尾的動詞：+es. 如：gogoes；dodoes等。4）以輔音+y接尾的動詞：變y為i+es. 如：flyflies；study studies；carrycarries；skyskies等。 末尾字母y前為元音字母的，直接在動詞后面加-s. 如：playplays；saysays等。5）特殊變化。如：beis；havehas等。這些沒有規(guī)律，需要加強記憶。三、動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成1）一般情況在動詞原形后加-ing . 如：gogoing；standstanding；climbclimbing等。2）以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去掉e，再加-ing. 如：writewriting；hopehoping；carecaring等。3）以-ie結(jié)尾的動詞應(yīng)先將e去掉，將i變成y然后再加-ing. 如：diedying，tietying等。4）如果動詞最后一音節(jié)為重讀閉音節(jié)，最后一個字母需要重復(fù). 如：runrunning； stopstopping；hophopping；planplanning；starstarring；getgetting等. 但輔音x是個例外，無需重復(fù)（x其實起著兩個輔音的作用）。如：taxtaxing，relaxrelaxing等。5）以-ee，-oe，-ye結(jié)尾的動詞加-ing時應(yīng)保留詞尾e. 如：seeseeing；hoehoeing；eyeeyeing等。6）以-ue結(jié)尾的動詞大多應(yīng)先去e再加-ing. 如：suesuing；imbueimbuing；rueruing等。7）以-ic結(jié)尾的動詞應(yīng)先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing. 如：frolicfrolicking；panicpanicking；mimicmimicking；picnicpicnicking；traffictrafficking等。四、人稱代詞的變化形式主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞第一人稱單數(shù)I我me我my我的mine我的myself我自己復(fù)數(shù)we我們us我們our我們的ours我們的ourselves我們自己第二人稱單數(shù)you你you你your你的yours你的yourself你自己復(fù)數(shù)you你們you你們your你們的yours你們的yourselves你們自己第三人稱單數(shù)he他him他his他的his他的himself他自己she她her她her她的hers她的herself她自己it它it它its它的its它的itself它自己復(fù)數(shù)they（他/她/它）們them(他/她/它)們their(他/她/它）們的theirs(他/她/它）們的themselves他們自己五、動詞的過去式變化1、規(guī)則變化1）一般情況下，在動詞詞尾直接加-ed. 如：workworked；piayplayed；wantwanted；actacted等。 2）以不發(fā)音的-e 結(jié)尾動詞，在動詞詞尾加-d. 如：livelived；movemoved；decidedecided等。3）以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的動詞，把-y變?yōu)?i 再加-ed. 如：studystudied；trytried；cry-cried 等。 4）以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加 ed, 如：stopstopped；begbegged； fretfretted；dragdragged；dropdropped；planplanned；dotdotted；dripdripped 等。2、不規(guī)則變化的動詞有很多，規(guī)律性不強，需要加強記憶。小學(xué)常用的有如下：1）AAA型原形過去式過去分詞漢語意思readreadread讀cutcutcut切，割letletlet讓putputput放costcostcost花費，值hithithit撞，擊setsetset安排，安置hurthurthurt使傷痛2）ABA型原形過去式過去分詞漢語意思becomebecamebecome成為comecamecome來runranrun跑3）ABC型 . ow ew own原形過去式過去分詞漢語意思blowblewblown吹drawdrewdrawn畫growgrewgrown生長knowknewknown 知道flyflewflown飛ia u原形過去式過去分詞漢語意思beginbeganbegun開始drinkdrankdrunk喝singsangsung唱swimswamswum游泳ringrangrung打電話無規(guī)律原形過去式過去分詞漢語意思am/iswasbeen是arewerebeen是dodiddone做gowentgone走taketooktaken拿4）ABB型 原形ought ought原形過去式過去分詞漢語意思bringbroughtbrought帶來原形aught aught原形過去式過去分詞漢語意思catchcaughtcaught捉,抓teachtaughttaught教buyboughtbought買fightfoughtfought打架thinkthoughtthought思考變其中一個元音字母原形過去式過去分詞漢語意思meetmetmet遇見get gotgot得到sitsatsat坐winwonwon贏findfoundfound發(fā)現(xiàn)原形ltlt原形過去式過去分詞漢語意思feelfeltfelt感到keepkeptkept保持leaveleftleft離開sleepsleptslept睡sweepsweptswept掃變其中一個輔音字母原形過去式過去分詞漢語意思buildbuiltbuilt建造hearheardheard聽見makemademade制造meanmeantmeant意思spendspentspent花費輔音字母和元音字母都變原形過去式過去分詞漢語意思havehadhad有，吃paypaidpaid付錢saysaidsaid說sellsoldsold賣telltoldtold告訴standstoodstood站5）AAB型原形過去式過去分詞漢語意思beatbeatbeaten打敗6）情態(tài)動詞原形過去式過去分詞漢語意思cancould能maymight也許must必須shallshould將要willwould會以上內(nèi)容，主要涵蓋小學(xué)英語的名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)律、動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)律、動詞現(xiàn)在分詞ing形式的構(gòu)成、人稱代詞的變化以及常用動詞過去式的變化。望同學(xué)們多看多記，加以鞏固！英語動詞變名詞、動詞變形容詞方法歸納動詞變名詞小結(jié)1.在詞尾加er,r ,雙寫加er 或or:A. play _ player, sing _ singer, wait _ waiter , find _ finder,thrill _ thrillerB. write _ writer, drive _ driver, come _ comer, explore _ explorerdance _ dancerC. run _ runner, win _ winner, rob _ robber, traval _ travallerD. visit _ visitor, invent _ inventor2. 在詞尾加ing:build _ building, draw _ drawing, end _ ending, begin _ beginning,swim _ swimming， skate _ skating, feel _ feeling, say _ saying,mean _ meaning, cross _ crossing， surf _ surfing, paint _ painting3.在詞尾加ion 或去e加ion:A. decide _ decision, describe _ description, produce _ production,celebrate _ celebration,pronounce _ pronunciation, decorate _ decorationgraduate _ graduation,frustrate - frustration,pollute _ pollutioncontribute _ contribution, congratulate _ congratulation,educate _ education，organize _ orgnization,donate _ donation,appreciate _ appreciation，operate _ operation, invite _ invitationB. discuss _ discussion, invent _ invention, attract _ attractionimpress _ impression,inject _ injection,instruct _ instruction4.其它：know _ knowledge, please _ pleasure, enjoy _ enjoyment,practise _ practice， die _ death, succeed _ success, weigh _ weight,sit _ deat, change _ chance，enter _ entrance,fly _ flight,rob _ robbery, discover _ discovery，faile _ failure,appear _ appearance,breathe _ breath 動詞變形容詞小結(jié)1.詞尾加ful:use - useful, care - careful, help - helpful,thank - thankfulpeace - peaceful, forget - forgetful, play - playful,succeed - successful, wonder - wonderful2.詞尾加d或ed:please - pleased, unite - united, excite - excited,surprise - surprised, organize - organized, close - closed,wound - wounded, relax - relaxed,develop - developed,appreciate - appreciated,frustrate - frustrated,interest - interested, annoy - annoyed, use - used,frighten - frightened, crowd - crowded, thrill - thrilled,pollute - polluted3.詞尾加ing:interest - interesting, surprise - surprising, excite - excitingdevelop - developing, frighten - frightening,thrill - thyrillingfrustrate - frustrating, relax _ relaxing, live - livingrock - rocking, sleep - sleeping4.詞尾變y為i,加ed:worry - worried, marry - married,fry - fried, terrify - terrifiedsatisfy - satisfied5.詞尾加able:know - knowled