賓語從句 (2)

1、賓語從句,1.什么是賓語從句？ 2.賓語從句的連接詞 3.賓語從句的語序和時態(tài) 4.賓語從句與簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換,the Object Clause 賓語從句,主句,I think that you are excited.,連接詞,賓語從句,由一個從句在句子中作賓語，這個句子就叫賓語從句。在句子中充當(dāng)及物動詞的賓語、介詞的賓語、形容詞的賓語 For example: 1. I know (that) she lives here. 2. Father is thinking of how we can get to the station? 3. I am sorry (that) I am la

2、te for class.,賓語從句的三種類型,1. 由that引導(dǎo)； 2. 由連接代詞who, what, which, whose和連 接副詞when, where, why, how等引導(dǎo)； 3.由if 或whether引導(dǎo)。,We all say (that)Lao Wang is a good friend.,We all say. Lao Wang is a good friend.,Im sure. You have seen that book before.,Im sure(that)you have seen that book before.,注意情況之一 連接詞的選擇

3、： 1. 由陳述句變來的賓語從句，用連詞 that 等 引導(dǎo)，并 且在口語中常常省略此詞：,2.當(dāng)賓語從句由一般疑問句變來時， 須用連詞if 或者whether引導(dǎo)，意思為“是否”，表示選擇。For example:,1. Could you tell us? Will he ready come here?,Could you tell us if (whether) he will really come here?,2. Is the Summer Palace open now? Could you tell me?,Could you tell me if (whether) the

4、 Summer Palace is open now.,注意：whether 或 if 兩詞可以互用。但是 whether 可以和 or not 連用，而 if 不能。,3.當(dāng)賓語從句由特殊疑問句變來時，則用連接代詞who, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how等引導(dǎo)。它們均是充當(dāng)一定成分，一般不可省略。For example:,Could you tell me? Where is the post office?,Could you tell me where the post office is?,注意：連接詞與其后名詞構(gòu)成短語時則不可

5、拆開使用。 what time, which room, how many people.等。 I dont know which bus I should take. Do you know what time it is?,注意情況之二 語序 ：若由一般疑問句或特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句，應(yīng)該用陳述句語序。具體如下：當(dāng)助動詞是 does 或 did 時，要去掉助動詞，并把動詞恢復(fù)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式或過去式；當(dāng)是其它的助動詞時，則要把這些助動詞放在主語的后面。I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ? ” I asked Tom what he liked b

6、est .The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ? ” The teacher asked me if I have read the book . He asked , “ Who can carry the box ? ” He asked who could carry the box .,注意情況之三 時態(tài)的變化 1. 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)可以 根據(jù)句子的意思來使用需要的任何一種時態(tài)。 I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice . I hear ( that ) sh

7、e will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear ( that ) he is interested in English .,2.當(dāng)主句是一般過去時的時候，賓語從句必須運用相應(yīng) 的過去的某一種時態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相互一致。 He said ( that ) he would go to Xian . He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . He said ( that ) he was reading a book . He said ( th

8、at ) he had had supper already . 3.當(dāng)賓語從句說明的是客觀存在的事實或者是客觀存 在的真理時，就不用受到主句時態(tài)的限制，仍是用一 般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。 He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. The teacher told us light travels faster than sound.,注意情況之四

9、 標(biāo)點符號： 賓語從句末尾的標(biāo)點符號由主句決定，不受從句的 限制。如果主句是陳述句或者是祈使句時用句號； 而主句是疑問句時，句末則用問號。He asked me if / whether I could help him . Do you know where Li Ping is ? Please tell me what color you like best . Would you please tell the teacher how old you are ?,注意情況之五 賓語從句的否定形式 ：一般而言，賓語從句的否定式與一般句子的否定式是一樣的。但若主句謂語動詞是think, e

10、xpect, believe, guess, imagine, suppose 等表示 “認(rèn)為，猜想”的心里活動的詞時，一般要把賓 語從句中的否定式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即否定轉(zhuǎn)移。I dont think its going to rain . I dont believe she will lend you the money .,連接代詞who, whose, what, which和連接副詞 when, where, why, how等引導(dǎo)的表語從句可 以變?yōu)檫B接代詞或連接副詞加動詞不定式的 形式。 Could you tell me how I can get to the station.

11、 Could you tell me how to go to the station. I dont know which one I should choose. I dont know which one to choose.,注意情況之六,注意情況之七 賓語從句中的特殊情形 ： 在把簡單句變?yōu)閺?fù)合句的練習(xí)中，千萬要注意 1) 句式的轉(zhuǎn)變：若原句是祈使句，不能用賓語 從 句改寫，而應(yīng)該用 “ ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth. ” 的句式。 Dont open the door . The teacher said to me. The teacher asked

12、 me not to open the door . 2) 代詞的變化：如果將某人的原話變?yōu)橘e語從 句 時，我們就應(yīng)該考慮代詞的變化。 Lucy says ,“ I come from Canada ”. Lucy says that she comes from Canada .,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.

13、 I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do) The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel) I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk) I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be),w

14、ill be,goes,were playing,has returned,had been,travels,are talking,were,were doing,10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write) 11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take) 13. Ling Feng told me he _ to several times.

15、(be) 14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise) 15. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do),wrote,moves,has taken,has been,rises,did,1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me? 3. Do they like to make friends with us? H

16、e asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?,He asked if they liked to make friends with them.,He said that he was doing his home

17、work.,Tom said that he would come back.,Jim asked if he was doing his homework.,7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me? 9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me? 10. “Where is Tom?” They asked.,Tom asked when he would come back.,Could you te

18、ll me how I can get to the station?,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,專項練習(xí) 1. Do you know how much hot water? AMum is needed B. does Mum need CMum needsD. did Mum need 2. Can you tell me? A. where he is B. where is he C. he is whereD. what is he 3. I didnt know how t

19、o London? A. would they goB. are they going C. they would goD. they are going 4. I want to know how long Ahas he been backBhas he come back Che has been backDhe has come back 5. Do you know? Awhat the news areBwhat is the news Cwhat the news is Dwhat are the news,6. _ is true that she may fall behind the others. A. There B. This C. That D. It 7. The foreign friend