高中英語代詞用法總結.ppt

1、,Pronoun,代詞,概述,代詞（pronoun）是代替名詞或起名詞作用的短語、分句和句子的詞，根據其語義和語法功能可將其分為九類。,人稱代詞（personal pronoun）、物主代詞（possessive pronoun）、 反身代詞（reflexive pronoun）、相互代詞（reciprocal pronoun） 指示代詞（demonstrative pronoun）、疑問代詞（interrogative pronoun） 連接代詞（conjunctive pronoun）、關系代詞（relative pronoun） 不定代詞（indefinite pronoun）,人稱代詞

2、,人稱代詞,人稱代詞表示人稱范疇以及它們的曲折變化形式。人稱代詞有三個人稱，每個人稱又分為單復數形式。,數,人稱代詞,第一人稱單數：第一人稱單數主格 I 代表說話者，在句中必須大寫。如： The light is bad. I cant see clearly. 光線不好，我看不清。 2. 第一人稱復數：第一人稱復數we可以用來代表說話者一方。如： We need some more apples. 我們還需要些蘋果。,Note： 在并列主語中，I 總放在最后。如： You and I 我和你 Mary, Charles and I 瑪麗、查爾斯和我,3.第二人稱的單復數形式相同，都是you，

3、you究竟是表示單數還是復數往往取決于具體語境。 you可以代表聽話者一方，如： Are you ready？你（們）準備好了嗎？ You two must arrive on time. 你們倆必須準時到達。 you也可以用來泛指任何人，如： You never know what may happen.誰也不會知道會發(fā)生什么事。,4. 第三人稱單數陽性（he） 第三人稱單數陽性he代表已提到過的男性。如： Where is John？ He is in the garden. 在一些習語中，he可以泛指一般人。如： He who laughs last laughs best. 誰笑到最后

4、，誰笑得最好。 He is most powerful who governs himself. 能克制自己的人是最有力量的人。,5.第三人稱單數陰性（she） 第三人稱單數陰性she指已提到過的女性。如： Where is Mary? She has gone shopping. 除此之外，she還可表示： 雌性動物： The mare whined when she saw her master. 這匹母馬見到主人時會嘶叫。 b. 船只、車輛： She is a fine ship. 這是條很好的船。 c. 國家： Spain is a major car manufacturer. Sh

5、e exports cars to the UK. 西班牙是個重要的汽車生產國，它出口汽車到英國。,6. 第三人稱單數中性 it a. 某樣東西 Wheres my map? I left it on the table. 我的去哪兒了？我把它放在桌子上的。 b. 抽象事物 Youve saved my life. I shall never forget it. 你救了我的命，我永遠不會忘記的。 c. 嬰兒 Her new baby is tiny. It only weighs 2 kilos. 她剛生的嬰兒個頭很小，才兩公斤。,2020/10/9,d. 打電話時問對方是誰 Who is

6、it(that)? Its me. 是誰來電話？是我 e. 時間、日期等 What time is it? It is eight oclock. 現在幾點鐘？ 八點。 f. 天氣、環(huán)境等 It is raining. 現在在下雨。 g. 距離 How far is it to Chicago? It is 800 kilometers. 這兒離芝加哥有多遠？八百公里。,物主代詞,物主代詞,物主代詞是表示所有關系的代詞。物主代詞可以分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。,詞義,物主代詞,形容詞性物主代詞相當于形容詞，在句中只能做定語，其人稱、數和性取決于所指的名詞或代詞。如： Kathy ha

7、s cut her finger. 凱西把手劃破了。 Everybody must do his work well. 人人都應做好自己的工作。 2. 可與own連用表示強調。如： I saw it with my own eyes.那是我親眼所見。 He has nothing of his own.他自己一無所有。,3.名詞性物主代詞相當于名詞，可以在句中單獨承擔句子成分，其人稱、數和性由其所指代的名詞或代詞決定。 e.g. This is your coat. Mine is in the room. 這是你的外套，我的外衣在房間里。 My pen is broken. Please l

8、end me yours. 我的鋼筆壞了，請把你的借給我。 Whose dictionary is it?這是誰的字典？ Its mine. 是我的。 4. 和of連用 An old friend of mine has just had a child. 我的一位老友剛生了孩子。,Yours常寫在信末： Yours. Yours sincerely. Yours faithfully. .,反身代詞,反身代詞,反身代詞（reflexive pronoun）是表示“自己；本身；親自”意義的詞。反身代詞表示動作的發(fā)出者將動作反射到自己身上，即句子的賓語和主語指的是統(tǒng)一對象。如： She saw

9、herself in the mirror.她在鏡子里看見了自己。 （試比較：She saw her in the mirror.）,反身代詞用于某些固定習語中。 By oneself 獨自，單獨 He said he wanted to go out to have a walk by himself.他說他想獨自出去走走。 2. For oneself 為自己，替自己 Well have to judge for ourselves. 我們得自己來判斷。 3. Of oneself 自動地 The enemy will not perish of himself. 敵人不會自行滅絕。 4.

10、 Between ourselves 私下說的話 All this is between ourselves.這些都不能告訴別人。 5. Among yourselves(themselves.) 之間 They had a heated discussion among themselves.他們之間進行了激烈的討論。 6. In oneself 本性，自身 This novel is a history in itself. 這本小說本身就是一部歷史。,相互代詞,相互代詞只有兩個，即：one another, each other。可表示兩個人或幾個人之間的相互關系。在句中可作 Weve

11、known each other for many years.我們認識許多年了。 They were holding each others hands.他們拉著彼此的手。 有時each other還可分開使用： We each know what the other thinks.我們都知道彼此的想法。 Each tried to do more than the other.他們爭著多干活。,指示代詞,指示代詞,指示代詞是用來指示人或事物的代詞。英語中的指示代詞有, ?？捎胻hat代表剛說的事，這時?？勺g作“這”： Thats why I object to the idea. 這就是我

12、反對這個想法的原因。 電話里this和that可指人： Whos that? 你是哪位？This is Mary. 我是瑪麗。,That和those的特別用法 1. That可代表前面提到的名詞以避免重復： The oil output last year was much higher than that of 1990.去年的石油產量比1990年高得多。 Life today is much better than that in the old days. 如今的生活比過去好多了。 2. Those可代表前面提到的復數名詞： His stories are more interestin

13、g than those I told. 他的故事比我講的有趣。 My questions are similar to those you raised. 我的問題和你提的差不多。 3. That 還有一些固定搭配，如： Like that 這樣：Dont hold it like that, youll break it. 不要這樣拿，你會把它弄破的。 That is (to say) 這就是說：He is a local administrator, that is to say, a civil servant.他是一名行政人員，也就是說，是一名公務員。 Thats all. 就這些：

14、Just dont do it again, thats all. 只是以后別這樣做了，就這些。 Thats it. 說對了： Thats it. Youve described exactly what I felt about the film.說對了，你正好說出了我對這部電影的感受。,疑問代詞,疑問代詞是用來構成特殊疑問句的，它們一般都在疑問句的句首，并在句子中作某一成分。疑問代詞有： who, whom, whose, what, which 1. Who： who的意思是“誰”，是主格，通常作主語，如： Who is that woman?哪個女人是誰？ Who are those

15、people? 那些人是誰？ 2. whom: whom的意思是“誰”，在句中作賓語，常用于書面語中，如： Whom do you want to see?你想見誰？ Whom do you talk about ?你們在談論誰？,3. Whose可在句中作作如下成分： 主語：Whose is better?誰的更好？ 賓語: Whose are you going to borrow?你打算借誰的？ 表語：Whose are these pencil? 這些鉛筆是誰的？ 定語：Whose umbrella is this? 這把傘是誰的？,連接代詞,連接代詞與疑問代詞同形： who, who

16、m, whose, what, which，引導從句。,e.g. I asked him who came into the room.我問他誰到屋里來了。 I asked him whom he saw. 我問他看見誰了。 I cant recall what his name was .我不記得他叫什么名字了。 I wonder whose house that is. 我想知道那是誰的房子。 Let me know which train youll be arriving on. 告訴我你將坐哪趟火車過來。,關系代詞型的what What可引導從句，表示“the thing which

17、”,例如： e.g. Thats what I want to know. 這正是我想知道的事。 What you said was quite right.你說的話完全正確。 這種what引導的從句，相當于“一個名詞關系從句”： 因此，這種what稱為“關系代詞型what”，它引導的從句在句中可用作： 1.主語 e.g. What she saw gave her a little fright. 他看到的情況使她有點驚恐。 What you need is a warm sweater.你需要的是一件暖和的毛衣。 2.賓語 e.g. I cannot do what you asked m

18、e to do. 我不能做你要求我做的事。 She began to criticize what he had done. 她開始批評他的所作所為。,3.插入語 e.g. Then I discovered, what was news to me , that his wife was your cousin. 這時我發(fā)現了一件新鮮事，他的妻子是你的表妹。 He is an interesting speaker, and, whats more important, he knows his subject thoroughly. 他講話風趣，更重要的是，他對所講的話題了如指掌。 在從句

19、中，what有時作定語： What few friends I have here have been very kind to me.我這里的少數幾個朋友對我都很好。 What little he said on the subject was full of wisdom.對這個問題他的寥寥數語中充滿了智慧。,由ever構成的連接代詞 Who(m)、what、which都可以和ever構成連接代詞，可在句中引導狀語從句，表示“不管”： e.g. I will find the person who did this, whoever he is. 我將找出干這事兒的人，不管他是誰。 Wha

20、tever happens，Im going. 不管發(fā)生什么，我都要走。 2. 這類代詞還可引導名詞性從句，表示“任何的人（或東西）”，在句中用作： e.g. Whatever I have is at your service.我所有的東西任憑你使用。 They may marry who(m)ever they desire.他們可以娶任何他們想娶的人。 I want to speak to whoever is in charge.我想和隨便哪個負責人談談。,關系代詞,關系代詞是用來引導定語從句的，這類代詞其三重作用：一是代表前面的名詞，二是把從句和它所修飾的詞連接起來，三是在從句中擔任

21、一個成分。關系代詞有如下這些： who whom whose that which 例如：I met someone who said he knew you. 我碰到一個人，他說他認識你。 這種代詞起著關聯作用，把引導的從句和所修飾的詞連接起來，因此稱作關系代詞，它們引導的從句稱為關系從句，也稱定語從句。,Who, whom 和whose的用法 1.Who代表人，在從句中作主語 The man who robbed her has been arrested. 搶她東西的人被捕了。 2. Whom 也代表人，但在從句中作賓語或介詞短語 The man whom I saw told me t

22、o come back today. 我看見的那個人讓我今天再來。,緊跟介詞時，只能用whom： The man to whom I spoke was a foreigner. 我找他講話的那個人時外國人。,3. Whose表示“某人的”，有時也可指無生命的東西，在從句中作定語： I know a boy whose father is an acrobat.我認識一個男孩，他的父親是雜技演員。 He saw a house whose windows were all broken. 他看到一所房子，窗戶全破了。,That和which的用法 That可以代表人，也可以代表東西： He th

23、at would eat the fruit must climb the tree.想吃果子就得爬樹。 That is the picture that caused such a sensation. 這就是那張引起如此轟動的畫。 在從句中作賓語時，that常可省略： This is the best hotel (that) I know. 這是我知道的最好的旅館。 2. Which只能代表東西或動物，它在從句中可充當： 主語：The dog which was lost has been found. 丟失的狗找到了。 賓語或介詞賓語：The car which(that) I hir

24、ed broke down.我租的汽車壞了。 The day on which I saw him was the greatest of my life. 見到他的那天是我一生中最偉大的日子。 在作賓語或介詞賓語時，which（that）常可省略：That is the houses (which/that) we built.這就是我們蓋的房子。 但緊跟介詞時，只能用which，不能用that，而且不能省略。 The situation in which he found himself was difficult.他的處境非常艱難。,不定代詞,不定代詞可分為兩類： 由body，one，t

25、hing構成的合成代詞： somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, somebody, anyone , everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing 2.兼作代詞和限定詞的詞： all, another, any , both , each ,either, few, little, many, much, neither, none, other, some.,Some , any 和no的用法 Some和any的用法：some和any都表示“一些”，可以指人或其他可數的東西，也可代表

26、不可數的東西，可用作主語、賓語，some用于肯定句，any用于疑問句及否定句： e.g. Some of them can speak Japanese. 他們有些人會說日語。 I dont need any more money I still got some. 我不需要更多的錢了，我還有一些。 Some間或用在疑問句中，這時往往預計有肯定答復： Did some of you sleep on the floor?你們中有些人睡地板上嗎？ Can I take some of this paper?我能拿點紙嗎？ 2. Some，any，no作定語的用法：some，any，no都可用作定

27、語，some和any表示“一些”，some用于肯定句，any用于疑問句及否定句，no表示“沒有”，等于not any。這些詞可以修飾可數名詞，也可以修飾不可數名詞。 e.g. She bought some biscuits. 她買了一些餅干。 There are scarcely any flowers in the garden.花園里幾乎沒有花。 No man is born wise.聰明非天生。,3. Some， any， no的特別用法： Some可用于請求或反問句中： e.g. Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些錢嗎？ Some有時和單數可數名

28、詞連用，表示“某個”（certain） e.g. He had a good position in some shipping firm. 他在一家船運公司有個好職位。,Many, much , few , little 這幾個詞都是表示數量的，都可用作定語，可構成六個詞：,Many用來修飾可數名詞,可和too，so等詞一起使用： e.g. Do you have many friends?你有很多朋友嗎？ He didnt make many mistakes.他出錯不多。 Many students supported the plan. 許多學生贊成這項計劃。,Much也表示“多”，但

29、只能用來修飾不可數名詞，主要用于疑問句和否定句，也可在肯定句中和too，so等詞連用，或用在句首： e.g. Do you take much interest in it?你對此興趣大嗎？ We dont have much free time. 我們沒多少空余時間。 Youve given me too much food. 你給我的食物太多了。,Few是many的反義詞，表示“很少”，用來修飾可數名詞： e.g. They exchanged few words.他們沒交談幾句。 Few people live to be 100.活到一百歲的人很少。 Little是much的反義詞，也

30、表示很少，但只能用來修飾不可數名詞，帶有否定意味，意思接近于no： e.g. They had little money.他們沒幾個錢。 There is little hope that she will recover.她痊愈的希望很小。,A few表示“有幾個”，修飾可數名詞，意思接近于some： e.g. He asked us a few questions.他問了我們幾個問題。 This happened a few days ago.這發(fā)生于幾天前。 A little表示“有一點”，修飾不可數名詞，意思也接近于some： e.g. Come in and have a littl

31、e whisky.進來喝點威士忌。 She had a little money, ten pounds or so. 她有一點點錢,十磅左右。,All, each, none,All 可用作定語，修飾可數名詞，表示“所有的”；也可修飾不可數名詞，表示“一切”，還可與可數名詞單數連用，表示“整個”： e.g. All these girls were anaemic（貧血的）.這些姑娘個個都貧血。 He has lost all his money.他的錢全都丟了。 He spent all that year in London. 那一整年他都在倫敦。 All也可用作代詞，代表可數的東西或不

32、可數的東西，在句中作主語、賓語等： e.g. All were sharply criticized.所有人都受到了嚴厲的批評。 Now all was changed.現在一切都變了。 All在句中可用作同位語： e.g. The people at the meeting all voted against it.開會的人都投票反對它。 All后面還可以跟定語修飾它： e.g. All I desired was leisure for study. 我想得到的只是用于學習的空閑時間。,Each可作定語，表示“每一個”： e.g. Each delegation began to stat

33、e its viewpoints.各個代表團開始陳述其觀點。 He gave each child a present.他給了每個孩子一份禮物。 Each還可用作主語或賓語： e.g. Each of the houses is painted a different color.每座房子都漆成了不同顏色。 A chrysanthemum was presented to each of the ladies. 送給每位女士一朵菊花。 He gave two bananas to each.她給了每人兩個香蕉。 有時還可作主語或賓語的同位語： e.g. They were each sente

34、nced to thirty days.他們各被判處一個月的徒刑。 He gave the children a present each. 他給了每個孩子一份禮物。,None和no都是否定詞，no用作定語，none則用作主語、賓語或介詞賓語或同位語： e.g. None of us would have said such a thing.我們誰也不會說出這種話。 I like none of these pictures.這些畫我都不喜歡。 Some people own several houses, others have none.有些人擁有幾處房子，而有些人則一處也沒有。 We n

35、one of us live round here.我們誰也不住在附近。,Both, either, neither 這三個詞都指兩者，both表示“兩者都”，either表示“兩者中的任何一個”，neither表示“兩者都不”： e.g. Both women were French.兩個女人都是法國人。 He has two brothers; both live in Seattle. 他有兩個兄弟，都住在西雅圖。 Either proposal will have my support. 兩個建議我都支持。 Neither book is satisfactory.兩本書都不滿意。,小

36、試牛刀,1. - How many birds can you see in the sky? - _. A. None B. No one C. Not many ones D. No many 2.The stout fellow over there is _ the great magician, Charlie Cheng, himself. A . None other but B. no other than C. none other than D. no one but 3. _ went on a picnic yesterday. A. Tom, John and I B

37、. Tom, John and me C. Tom, I and John D. I ,Tom and John 4. The boy took off his gloves. _ had a hole. A. Every on B. Everyone C. Each one D. Any one 5. _ of them did his best. A. Every one B. Everyone C. Anyone D. Nobody 6. Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he fe

38、lt_ lonely. A. nothing but B. anything but C. all but D. everything but,A,C,A,C,A,B,7. Water will continue to be _it is today next in importance to oxygen. A. how B. which C. as D. what 8. _ can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by science fiction. A. Everybody B. Anybody C.

39、 Somebody D. Nobody 9. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patents do not take drugs_ directed. like B. so C. which D. as 10. Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than, _ at the other store. A. anyone B. the other C. that

40、 D. the ones 11. Do you like these shoes? No, show me _. another B. some others C. other one D. different ones. 12. _ of them knew about the plan because it was a secret. Some B. Any C. No one D. None 13. Jim behaved so strangely today, I thought he wasnt acting like_. A. Him B. himself C. he would D. he does,D,D,D,D,B,D,B,14. I met Mary in the street _ and she said she would com