2011年英語閱讀理解主旨大意題專項訓(xùn)練---------如果能找出這些主題句-必將極大地幫助我們解決主旨大意

1、2011年高考英語閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧一、 考綱解讀：在高考閱讀理解中，主旨大意題的考查占有十分重要的位置。掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意也是英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和考試說明對考生的基本要求之一。只有通過閱讀掌握了文章的主題，才能正確理解文章，進(jìn)而根據(jù)文章的事實細(xì)節(jié)推測作者的態(tài)度和觀點。主旨大意題主要是測試考生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度以及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般針對某一語段或某一語篇的主題標(biāo)題或目的設(shè)題。凡是問文章標(biāo)題（the best title）、大意（the main idea）和寫作意圖（the purpose, the aim）的題目都屬于此類。它要求考生在理解全文的

2、基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法，對文章進(jìn)行高度概括或總結(jié)，屬于高層次題。二、 題型特點與命題方式【設(shè)題類型】1、_2、_3、目的類主旨大意(purpose)【設(shè)問形式】1、大意類常見的主題型題干：1) _2) _ 2、標(biāo)題類常見的標(biāo)題型題干：1) _2) _ 3、目的類常見的標(biāo)題型題干：1) _2) _ 三、 應(yīng)試技巧一、主題句認(rèn)定法；我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)很多文章常常有表明作者觀點的主題句。如果能找出這些主題句，必將極大地幫助我們解決主旨大意題。通過以下閱讀的練習(xí)，觀察主題句通常出現(xiàn)在文章的_ , _ , _ 。需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，不是每一篇文章都有主題句，Passage 1 (09安

3、徽A篇)Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it. Recite and repeat in conversation. Ask the other person to recite and repeat. 59. What does the text mainly tell us? _A. Tips on an important social skill. B. Importance of attending parties. C. How to make use of a

4、ssociations. D. How to recite and repeat names. 【解析】 很明顯這篇文章主要是圍繞第一段話題展開的論述，所以第一段就是文章的主題句。從而可以選出正確的答案：_Passage 2 (09年四川卷 A篇)Hey there,So youre about to spend four years of your life and tens of thousands of dollars of your patents money, and all you really know about college is that all of your frie

5、nds are going. Do you ever stop to wonder why youre going? Finding the right college can be difficult. Fortunately, Johnson Review is here to help you every step of the way. For more information, call 600-3681 or visit JohnsonR. Wherever you go, have a nice trip!(最后一段)44. Whats the authors

6、purpose of writing this test?A. To suggest ways to prepare for college learning B. To help readers find the right collegeC. To make Johnson Review popular D. To introduce college life【解析】本篇閱讀的主要意思就是一篇應(yīng)用文,它的目的就是給大家一份建議,在各種場合下如何記住別人的名詞,屬于社交范疇?？v觀全文，特別是最后一段的最后一句可知作者的真正目的是To make Johnson Review popular。從

7、而選出正確答案_。Passage3 (09年全國卷I D篇)Its not easy being a teenager (13至19歲青少年) nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently

8、letting him know that youll still be there for him when he needs you.Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving, consider everything else open to discussion. Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole

9、 family. If your child talks on the familys telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for 15 minutes, 68. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents _.A. how to get along with a teenager B. how to respect a teenagerC. how to understand a teenager D. how to help a teenager grow up【解析】 這篇文章是作者

10、向父母們介紹一些教育青少年的可行的做法，文章結(jié)構(gòu)平行。第一段的大意是要給孩子一定的空間；第二段的大意是對孩子要有期望但不能期望一切，要讓孩子自己去解決問題，教孩子遇到問題時向父母求助；第三段的大意是要教育孩子和家人分享電話。將三段的大意串聯(lián)起來我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，文章的寫作目的是提建議，幫助父母教育青少年子女，從而選出正確答案_。二、文章結(jié)構(gòu)識別法；很多文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，例如議論文、科普文，都是總-分-分或者分-分-總。還有提建議類、廣告類的文章通常使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)，新聞類通常使用倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)能夠幫助我們迅速找出文章的主旨大意，特別是新聞，主旨大意通常出現(xiàn)在文章的第一或第二段。Passage 4

11、（(2009北京卷，D篇) When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority（優(yōu)先）. This

12、view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students. So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize. 71. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Music education deserves more attention. B. Music should be of top education priority. C. Mu

13、sic is an effective communication tool. D. Music education makes students more imaginative.【解析】。文章第一段引出話題：When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too

14、often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority（優(yōu)先）. This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students. 表明人們對音樂不重視，然后作者從不同方面來論證自己的觀點：音樂應(yīng)該得到人們更多的關(guān)注。從而可以選出正確的答案：_三、排除法；每一道主旨大意題總有比較容易判斷出是錯誤的選項，將這樣的選項排除掉有助于我們排除干擾、縮小范圍，提高命中率

15、。Passage 5 （2009年四川卷E篇）All too often，a choice that seems sustainable(可持續(xù)的)turns out on closer examination to be problematic. Probably the best example is the rush to produce ethanol(乙醇)for fuel from corn. Corn is a renewable resourceyou can harvest it and grow more，almost limitlessly. So replacing g

16、as with corn ethanol seems like a great idea.The admirable goal of living sustainably requires plenty of thought on an ongoing basis.60What does the author mainly discuss in the text?ATechnology. BSustainability. CEthanol energy. DEnvironmental protection.簡析：很明顯，這篇文章并不是講環(huán)境保護(hù)問題，我們首先可以排除D項；再進(jìn)一步分析，答案A過

17、于籠統(tǒng)，也不是文章所主要講述的，也排除。剩下B和C，通過閱讀我們知道，用玉米制造乙醇，這樣的“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”會引起其他方面的問題，是不實際的，從而可以選出正確的答案：_四、不大不小具體法。 遵循四字原則： 精準(zhǔn)全新文章標(biāo)題通常有如下要求：不能過大、過于籠統(tǒng)，放之四海皆適用；也不能過小、以偏概全，掛一漏萬。好的文章標(biāo)題具有較強(qiáng)的針對性、獨特性，能夠準(zhǔn)確地概括出這篇短文的主旨大意，而不是其它文章的大意。掌握標(biāo)題的這些特點，可以幫助我們識別出正確的標(biāo)題來。Passage 6 (2009年全國卷I A篇)I suddenly heard an elephant crying as though frig

18、htened. Looking down, I immediately recognized that something was wrong, and ran down to the edge of the near bank. There I saw Ma Shwe with her three-month-old calf struggling in the fast-rising water, and it was a life-and-death struggle. Her calf was floating and screaming with fear. While I was

19、wondering what I could do next, I heard the sound of a mothers love. Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could, roaring (吼叫) all the time, but to her calf it was music.59. What can be the best title for the text?A. A Mothers Love B. A Brave Ac

20、t C. A Deadly River D. A Matter of Life and Death簡析：本文講述一頭母象不顧自身安危營救一頭小象的經(jīng)過，贊美了母愛的力量。通過分析，選項B（一件勇敢的事）和D（一件生與死的事）就犯了標(biāo)題過于空泛的毛??；而選項C又明顯犯了片面的錯誤，從而可以選出正確的答案：_，準(zhǔn)確地表述了文章的主旨大意。五、假定標(biāo)題寫作法；這是一種逆向思維的方法。這種方法就是先設(shè)定某一個選項為正確的文章標(biāo)題，那么，按照這個標(biāo)題文章通常應(yīng)該怎么寫、寫什么呢？根據(jù)標(biāo)題里的核心詞，我們可以在頭腦里大致確定一下文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容，如果二者與閱讀短文基本相同，就可以判斷該項正確；如果與短文大

21、相徑庭，就可以判斷該項不對。 使用這種方法的關(guān)鍵是找出標(biāo)題中的核心詞。Passage 7 (2009年浙江英語卷E篇)Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at photo 51. It wasnt much a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showedthe shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and

22、fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.Her name was Rosalind Franklin. “She should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden. ”if her photo hadnt been there, the others couldnt have come up with th

23、e structure.” one reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholar doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitions.As Franklins competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to

24、gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin. Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklins was only two steps aw

25、ay from the solution.”No, Franklin was the solution.” She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.57. What is the t