直接引語和間接引語.ppt

1、I like making friends,What did he say?,He said he liked making friends.,Grammar,直接引語和間接引語,Direct and Indirect Speech,基本概念,直接引述別人的原話。通常都用引號“”括起來。,用自己的話把別人的話轉述出來。間接引語在多數情況下都構成一個賓語從句。,直接引語,間接引語,直接引語 和,間接引語,一般疑問句,He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He said whether/if I had any diff

2、iculty with my pronunciation.,間接引語用連詞whether或if，語序是陳述句的語序,特殊疑問句,He asked me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was.,原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，語序改為陳述句語序,5. 注意 地點、時間 的變化,在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時需要注意的變化,1. 注意 時態(tài) 的變化,2. 注意 人稱 變化。,3. 注意 助動詞 的變化,4. 注意 語序 的變化（疑問句語序 陳述句語序,直接引語,間接引語,一般現在時,一般過去時,現在進行時,過去進行時,一般過去時,過去完成時,現在

3、完成時,過去完成時,一般將來時,過去將來時,1、時態(tài)的變化,謂語動詞時態(tài)變化需要注意幾點：,1.直接引語表述的是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變,The teacher said, “ The sun is bigger than the earth.”,The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.,She says that shell never forget the days in the country.,2. 如果直接引語所表述的內容在目前和說話時同樣有效，變間接引語時，時態(tài)可不變,The children said

4、, “We love this game.”,They told us that they love that game.,3.主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)是現在時態(tài)，在引述時，時態(tài)不變。,She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.”,2、人稱的變化,翻譯成中文，理解,助動詞的變化,Exercises:,1. He said , “I m afraid I cant finish this work.”,2. Tom said “I will see you next week.”,He said that he was afraid he

5、couldnt finish that work.,Tom said that he would see me the next week.,直接引語,間接引語,指示代詞,時 間 狀 語,地點狀語,方向性動詞,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,that day,this week,that week,yesterday,the day before,last week,the week before,four days ago,four days before,the day before yesterday,two days before,tomorr

6、ow,the next day,next month,the next month,here,there,come,go,bring,take,、其他特殊變化,3,直接引語和間接引語正誤例析,1. “Where does your chemistry teacher live,Karen?” the young man asked. The young man asked Karen where did her chemistry teacher live. (誤) The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher lived.(正)

7、簡析:一般說來,直接引語是疑問句,將其變?yōu)殚g接引語時,原來的疑問語序要改為陳述語序。,2. “I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily. The little boy said happily that he has gained the first place in the mathematics competition. (誤) The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place

8、 in the mathematics competition. (正) 簡析:直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,若主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時,從句的謂語動詞一般要用相應的某種過去時態(tài), 所以本句中的現在完成時應改為過去完成時。,3. “Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls. The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light traveled faster than sound.(誤) The physics teache

9、r told the boys and girls that light travels faster than sound.(正) 簡析:直接引語為客觀真理、格言時,變?yōu)殚g接引語,時態(tài)無需改變。,4.“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me. Mary asked me that I would go to the concert with her that evening. (誤) Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her

10、 that evening. (正) 簡析:直接引語如果是一般疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,要用連詞whether或if引導,而不用that。,5. “What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother. The old man asked my brother what he had done here yesterday. (誤) The old man asked my brother what he had done there the day before. (正) 簡析:直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時, 指示代詞、時間狀語、

11、地點狀語一般也要作相應改變,如,Exercises:,1. He said , “I m afraid I cant finish this work.”,2.He said , “I havent heard from him since May.” 3.Tom said “I will see you next week.”,He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.,He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.,Tom said that he would see me

12、the next week.,4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me. 5. “I dont like swimming,” said Sarah. 6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian. 7. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me.,The teacher asked me why I was late again.,Sarah said she didnt like swimming.,His friend

13、s asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?”,My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.,The teacher said，“Dont be late，Mary. ” The teacher told _. A. Mary not to be late B. Mary to be not late C. Mary are not late D. not to be late 2. He asked her，“Where are you going?” He asked her _. A. where she were

14、 going B. where she was going to C. where she was going D. where she is going,鞏固提高,3. The lady said，“I shall go there on time. ” The lady said that _. A. she would come there on time B. she would come here on time C. she would got here on time D. he would got here on time 4. He said to me，“I wrote t

15、o my father yesterday. ” He told me he had written to his father _. A. the yesterday B. before today C. the day before D. the next day,5. The teacher asked，“Are you waiting for the bus?” The teacher asked _ for the bus. A. if I was waiting B. was I waiting C. you are waiting D. I was waiting 6. The

16、professor said that light _ faster than sound. A. travels B. traveled C. travel D. traveled 7. My mother asked me to show my homework to her. My mother said to me，“Show _ homework. ” A. her my B. me your C. her your D. me his,8. Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love,

17、at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 9. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say,HOMEWORK,1. SB P5Exx1,2 2. Go over what we learnt today.,Peri

18、od 4 Reading II,Unit 1 Friendship,Period 4: 幻燈片59-77頁,ways of showing friendship,more ways,ways of showing friendship,more ways,same?,why?,west and east,Every culture has its own ways to show friendship.,Are there any places in the world where Chinese and western cultures live side by side?,Hongkong

19、,Macao,Singapore,Hawaii,Its said that Hawaii is a place where the East truly meets the West. Lets see in Hawaii how people show their friendship.,by giving a circle of flowers worn around the neck,lei(s),Read fast and find out more ways/signs to show friendship in Hawaii.,aloha,lokahi,1.To be with h

20、appiness 2.Goodbye 3.Our hearts singing together,Oneness with all people,Read the 2nd para. again Why do many different peoples call Hawaii their home?,Hawaii is a place where people make one big community from many smaller communities.,a rich cultural diversity,True of false questions. ( )1. Hawaii

21、ans say “ahoha”to each other to show friendship. ( )2. They welcome people of all races, languages and cultures with “ohana” . ( )3. They give visitors a “l(fā)ei” to make them feel at home. ( )4. Hawaii is a place where many cultures live together peacefully and co-operate with each other. ( )5. People

22、 in Hawaii can live in peace because they help each other.,T,F,T,T,F,Period 5 Listening,Unit 1 Friendship,Period 5: 幻燈片78-88頁,Question: what would you do if you are misunderstood by others?,Brainstorming (2m),Read the text and find out the answer to the following question.,What was upsetting Lisa? H

23、e was understood by others to have fallen in love with a boy.,Reading-I-fast reading (1m),Listen to the tape and answer the following question.,Does Miss Wang advise Lisa to end the friendship with the boy? No. She advises her to ignore the gossiping classmates. Its possible for a boy and a girl to

24、be just good friends.,Listening-I (5m),Listen to the tape and find out the information to fill in the blank.,Listening-II (5m),1. Miss Wang says that there is nothing _ in Lisa making friends with a boy and that it is _ for a boy and a girl to be just good fiends. 2. Miss Wang says that teenagers li

25、ke to _ and that perhaps they cant understand Lisas friendship with the boy. 3. Miss Wang says that Lisas ending the friendship with the boy would be a _ thing to do. 4. Miss Wang says that there is no _ for Lisa to throw away her friendship with the boy. 5. Miss Wang asks Lisa to _ her gossiping cl

26、assmates and show them that she is more _ up.,wrong,possible,gossip,stupid,reason,ignore,grown,Listening Task,Just now we gave Lisa some advice to help her with her problem on making friends. And here Annie met the similar problem. We are going to listen to the arguments between Anne and her father.

27、 Please listen carefully and finish the following exercises.,First Listening,Q: Whats Annies problem? Her father think it not right to make friends with a neighboring boy named Peter under such situation.,careful,glad,alone,continue,agree,Second Listening,Give some advice to help Anne with the probl

28、em. Make a list of the things she might say to her father to make him change his mind.,Everyone needs a friend. Anne needs a good friend. They can talk together happily and they are not doing anything wrong. They are always with the family, so her father can watch over her.,Giving advise (4m),Homewo

29、rk,Make up a dialogue with your partner about something you and your father have different points of views. You are expected to present it in the next class.,Take a break!,Period 6 Speaking and Writing,Unit 1 Friendship,Period 6: 幻燈片89-102頁,3. Read the letter to the editor from Xiaodong:,Dear editor

30、, Im glad to tell you that I have been admitted into No.1 High School, which I am longing for. Im crazy about everything in the new school. However, my father says, “Students in high school are too busy to care about others.” Facing the new classmates and new teachers, I really dont know what to do.

31、 Besides, Im not good at communicating with people. I wonder if I can get along well with my new classmates. Im really upset. Dear editor, can you tell me how to make friends? And what is friendship exactly? I would be grateful if you would give me some advice. Best wishes Xiaodong,1) What problem d

32、oes Xiaodong have? Do you agree with what his father says? Discuss in groups of four. Collect your advice to Xiaodong and your attitude.,Useful expressions: In my opinion, you should My advice is I think/ believe Im afraid that I advise you to I dont think Dont worry I agree/ I dont agree. I think so./ I dont think so.,2) Discuss the basic structure of the letter to Xiaodong from you, the editor, in groups of four. Para. 1: Response Structure Para. 2-3: Problem solving Para. 4: Closing,Para. 2-3: Problem solving