中考復(fù)習(xí)手冊

1、中考復(fù)習(xí)手冊：初中英語動(dòng)詞不定式用法梳理 動(dòng)詞不定式是由“不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的一種非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。有些動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，動(dòng)詞不定式可以作句子的主語、表語、賓語、定語、補(bǔ)語、狀語或單獨(dú)使用。不定式保留動(dòng)詞的某些特性，可以有自己的賓語、狀語等。動(dòng)詞不定式和它后面的賓語、狀語等一起構(gòu)成短語，叫作不定式短語。現(xiàn)對九年級(jí)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法作一次簡要梳理。一、用作主語直接把動(dòng)詞不定式置于句首的情況不多，多數(shù)情況用it作形式主語，把真正的主語動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末，特別是不定式短語較長時(shí)。動(dòng)詞不定式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。帶疑問詞的不定式短語作主語常置于句首，復(fù)合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語常置于句

2、末。如：1.As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge. (p.8)2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. (p.16)3.How to make requests politely is important.(p.93)二、用作表語動(dòng)詞不定式作表語，常說明主語的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征。如：1.The best way to improve your English is to join an Engl

3、ish club. (p.7)2.The first thing is to greet the teacher. (p.96)三、用作賓語1.可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求選擇同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望決定學(xué)習(xí)(expect, hope, decide, learn)，寧可假裝知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. (p.88)2)He

4、 prefers to eat white bread and rice.(p.50)3)Id love to visit Mexico.(p.53)2.動(dòng)詞decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.，介詞結(jié)構(gòu)on.可用疑問詞帶to的不定式短語作賓語，但why后面的不定式不帶to。如：1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?(p.92)2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. (p.32)3.動(dòng)詞feel, find

5、, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語代替真正的賓語動(dòng)詞不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是.feel / find / make / . it+adj. / n.+to do.。如：I find it difficult to remember everything. (p.98)4.既可接動(dòng)詞不定式又可接ving形式作賓語，意思差別不太大的動(dòng)詞有begin, start, like, love等。一般說來，動(dòng)詞不定式表一次、數(shù)次的具體動(dòng)作、將來動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作的全過程，ving形式表習(xí)慣性的連續(xù)動(dòng)作。但是這種區(qū)別并不很嚴(yán)格，特別是美國英語，即使是習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作也可以用動(dòng)詞不定式。如：1)Then I

6、 started to watch English-language TV.(p.6)2)Im beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. (p.116)begin用了進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，后面只接不定式作賓語，表示事情剛開始，還要繼續(xù)下去。3)I like to eat vegetables. (p.118)感知?jiǎng)釉~like, love, know等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。5.后接動(dòng)詞不定式或ving形式作賓語，意思差別較大的動(dòng)詞有forget, remember等。后接不定式作賓語，表動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；后接ving形式作賓語，表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。s

7、top to do停下來做另外一件事，to do是目的狀語；stop doing停止做、不做當(dāng)前這件事，doing是賓語。try to do盡力做，try doing試試看；go on to do接著做另外的事，go on doing繼續(xù)做原來的事。如：1)When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.(p.107) 四、用作定語1.句子的主語或賓語是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語，不定式與其所修飾的名詞、代詞等存在邏輯的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)式。如：1)I have so many chores to do today.(p.112

8、)2)I cant think of any good advice to give her. (p.31)3)Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.(p.75)2.動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞是place, time, way等時(shí)，不定式與這些名詞呈現(xiàn)出動(dòng)狀關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系。如：1)He needs time to do homework.(p.19)2)Is that a good place to hang out？(p.88)3)You want to know the best way to g

9、et around the city.(p.127)3.在“there be.”句型里，句子的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的對象，常用主動(dòng)式。如：1)Theres just so much to see and do here.(p.49)2). but there are still many things to do there.(p.54)五、用作補(bǔ)語動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)語態(tài)句里補(bǔ)賓語，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)句里補(bǔ)主語，句子的賓語或主語是不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯執(zhí)行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的賓語或主語就是邏輯承受者。1.在主、被動(dòng)語態(tài)句里用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求允許提議(

10、ask, allow, permit, advise)，期望邀請鼓勵(lì)(expect, suppose, invite, encourage)，教導(dǎo)告訴想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.(p.29)2)Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. (p.18)3)Email English is supposed to be used on mob

11、ile phones.(p.101)2.動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語，在主動(dòng)語態(tài)句里不帶to，被動(dòng)語態(tài)句里帶to時(shí)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞是感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“讓”：have, let, make，二“聽”：hear, listen to，一“感覺”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：1)This picture makes me feel tense！(p.106)2)Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.(p.24)3.help后接動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語，to可帶可不帶。一般說來

12、，帶to表間接幫助，不帶to表直接幫助。在被動(dòng)語態(tài)句里，或者用不定式的否定式作補(bǔ)語時(shí)要帶to。如：1). they can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.(p.106)2)Using email English helps you write quickly. (p.100)4.be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作主語的補(bǔ)語。如：1)He doesnt seem to have many frie

13、nds.(p.19)2)Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.(p.114)2)I stopped using them last year. (p.121)六、用作狀語1.目的狀語，置于句首或句末，置于句首時(shí)常表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：1)In order not to offend people, learning about language etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary.(p.93)2)A group of young pe

14、ople got together to(in order to / so as to) discuss this question. (p.50)to do / in order to do / so as to do用作目的狀語，置句末時(shí)都可以用，置句首時(shí)只用to do / in order to do。so as to do一般不置于句首，可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，in order to do不引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。2.原因狀語，多見于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1)My dogs name is “Lucky”a good name for him because I

15、 feel very lucky to have him.(p.66)2)On Monday he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes. (p.64)3.結(jié)果狀語，多見于“too.to”，“enough to.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1)Then Im too tired to do well. What should I do?(p.28)2)The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in.(p.56)4.有些動(dòng)詞不定式作狀

16、語，常說明前面形容詞的性質(zhì)和特性。動(dòng)詞不定式與句子的主語有邏輯的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞不定式前面的形容詞一般是：cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, fun, hard, interesting, necessary。不定式常用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)意義。. the mistakes you made are necessary for you to learn and understand.(p.116)這類句子中的動(dòng)詞不定式可改為主語。5.獨(dú)立動(dòng)詞不定式多用作插入語，表示說話人的心理狀態(tài)或?qū)κ虑榈目捶?。如?)Id like to stay healthy, but to b

17、e honest, I only eat food that tastes good.(p.50)2)To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldnt understand every word. (p.6)七、動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞用for還是of，主要決定于前面形容詞的性質(zhì)。一般說來，of前面的形容詞是careful, clever, foolish,

18、 good, kind, nice, wise等，既說明人的特性，又說明不定式動(dòng)作的特性。for前面的形容詞是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般說明不定式動(dòng)作的特性，不說明人的特性。前面如果是名詞用for。如：1.Its also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening. (p.22)2.Zoos are terrible places

19、 for animals to live.(p.120)八、帶疑問詞的不定式短語動(dòng)詞不定式前面可以帶疑問代詞what, which, who或疑問副詞how, when, where, why等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語、主語、表語等，或者單獨(dú)使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不帶to。如：1.用作句子的成分。1)I dont know what to try next. (p.49)(作賓語)2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主語)2.單獨(dú)使用時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)特殊疑問句。1)What to do next?(=What will we / yo

20、u do next?)2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)九、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not / never to do.，不帶to的不定式的否定式是not / never do.如：1.Sometimes they have disagreements, and decide not to talk to each other.(p.8)2.His parents tell him never to drive after drinking.初中英語動(dòng)詞不定式用法解讀 動(dòng)詞不定式是一種活躍的非謂語動(dòng)詞。它在句中起的是名詞。形容詞或副

21、詞的作用,可在句子中作主語。賓語。定語。狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。動(dòng)詞不定式的形式是to +動(dòng)詞原形,但to有時(shí)要省去。動(dòng)詞不定式在具體運(yùn)用時(shí),用不用to,取決于謂語動(dòng)詞的用法: 一。帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)做賓語1.我們學(xué)過的能直接跟帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come等。2.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。例如:Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告訴我別叫醒

22、凱特。二。不帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)做賓語以下幾種情況使用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式:1.在固定詞組had better之后。注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。例如:You had better go home now.你最好現(xiàn)在回家。Its cold outside. Youd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。2.在let,make,see, feel, watch,hear等感官或使役動(dòng)詞后,要跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:I made them give me the money back.我迫使他們把錢還給

23、我。I didnt see you come in.我沒看見你進(jìn)來。3.在引導(dǎo)疑問句的why not之后。Why not+不帶to的不定式是Why dont you do的省略,可以用來提出建議或勸告。例如:Why not go with us。為什么不和我們一起去呢。Why not take a holiday。=Why dont you take a holiday。為什么不休個(gè)假呢。三。動(dòng)詞不定式作主語不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí),現(xiàn)代英語傾向于采用it作形式主語,而把不定式結(jié)構(gòu)后置的形式。 It is a good habit to get up early.=To get up early i

24、s a good habit.早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。四。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語不定式作定語,要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞的后面。例如:I have nothing to say on this question.對這個(gè)問題我無可奉告。五。動(dòng)詞不定式作真正賓語有的及物動(dòng)詞要求跟復(fù)合賓語(即賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語)。如果其中的賓語是不定式短語,則必須將形式賓語it放在賓語的位置上,而將不定式短語(真正的賓語)放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之前。例如:I find it useful to learn English well.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語很有用。We thought it wrong not to tell her.我們認(rèn)為不告訴

25、她是錯(cuò)誤的。六。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語是動(dòng)詞不定式用法的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要注意以下三種情況:1.作動(dòng)詞ask, like, tell等的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to不可以省略。例如:He asked me to talk about English study.他請我談?wù)動(dòng)⒄Z學(xué)習(xí)。2.作使役動(dòng)詞let, have, make以及感官動(dòng)詞feel, hear, see, watch等的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to要省略。例如:The teacher made him say the word like this.老師讓他像這樣說這個(gè)單詞。3.作動(dòng)詞help的賓語補(bǔ)足

26、語時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to可以帶,也可以不帶。例如:Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box。你能幫我搬這個(gè)重箱子嗎。七。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語動(dòng)詞不定式及其短語具有副詞的特性,可在句中用作狀語。1.放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。例如: He stopped to have a rest.他停下來休息。2.跟在作表語的形容詞或過去分詞的后面。例如:Im sorry to hear that.聽到這事我感到很難過。3.用在too. to.結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如:He is too young to understand all that.他太年輕了,不能理解這件事。

27、動(dòng)詞不定式概述 一 不定式的體 1. 不定式的一般式(to do)表示不定式的.動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生或與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生. 2 不定式的進(jìn)行體(to be doing)表示不定式的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生. 不定式的完成體(to have done)表示不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生. 二 不定式的邏輯主語 1 不定式的邏輯主語常不出現(xiàn)在句中. 2 句子的主語,賓語有時(shí)是不定式的邏輯主語. 3 不定式前for+名詞/代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞或代詞也可以用來表示不定式的;邏輯主語. 4 在It+be+形容詞+of+名詞/代詞+to do結(jié)構(gòu)中,名詞或代詞為不定式的邏輯主語.該結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞通常用來表示人的品質(zhì).例如:kin

28、d, good, nice, bad, cruel, honest, bold, thoughtful, right, wrong, wise, clever, silly, foolish, careless, rude等. 例如:Its very kind of you to cal to tell me about the conference. 三 不定式的否定式 不定式否定式由not/never +to do構(gòu)成 四 不定式的句法功能 1 不定式做主語 1)To say something is one thing; to do it is another. 2)It is not

29、a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earths plates join together. 注:充當(dāng)主語的不定式即可置于句首,位于謂語動(dòng)詞之前,也可作為句子的真正主語置于句末,用作形式主語. 2 不定式作表語 3)Her uncle seems to be acting rather strangely towards her these days. 4)The purpose of the fence is to keep out a type of wild dog called a Dingo. 5)

30、One suggested answer is for farmers to limit the number of their cattle. 注:充當(dāng)表語的不定式一般位于be ,seem等系動(dòng)詞后. 3 不定式作賓語 6)Shylock agreed to lend Antonio money on one condition. 注:充當(dāng)賓語的不定式位于及物動(dòng)詞后.常用不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有:agree, plan, determine, dare, refuse, hope, wish, expect, promise, choose, pretend, decide, manage, i

31、ntend, offer, afford, demand. 7)The dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space. 注:充當(dāng)賓語的不定式如果有自己的表語,則可用代替只個(gè)不定式作為形式賓語,而作為真正賓語的不定式則放在表語之后.以it作為形式賓語的這種結(jié)構(gòu)常用在think, feel, find, make, consider等動(dòng)詞之后. big and strong. 4 不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 8)The powder made from fish, blood and bones will make the cab

32、bage plants grow big and strong. 9)Portia told Bassanio to go to his friend at once. 注:在下列動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式通常不帶to.這些動(dòng)詞是observe, notice, see, hear, watch, have, feel, make, let.但上述動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),其后的不定式須帶to.例如:The cabbage plants will be made to grow 動(dòng)詞不定式(todo)是初中英語課的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，也是中考要考查的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。動(dòng)詞不定式屬于非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種形式，很多同學(xué)經(jīng)常

33、把它和謂語動(dòng)詞混在一起，掌握起來有困難。下面我們對動(dòng)詞不定式的用法做簡單歸納，幫助同學(xué)們記憶： 一、動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中不能充當(dāng)謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 二、動(dòng)詞不定式是由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成(有時(shí)可以不帶to)。動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是“not+動(dòng)詞不定式”(not不與助動(dòng)詞連用)。 三、動(dòng)詞不定式短語具有名詞、形容詞和副詞等的功能，可在句中用做多種句子成分。 1、主語：常置于句末，而用it代替其做形式主語。 例：Togoinforsportshelpsyou stayfit.(book4，L28)Ithelpsyoustayfittogoinforsports.Itisdangeroust

34、oswiminthedeepseaonyourown. 注：此句式中不定式邏輯上的主語可由for或of引出，邏輯主語由of引出時(shí)，表語的形容詞為kind，nice，good，polite，clever，foolish，right，wrong等表示 評(píng)價(jià)的形容詞。例：Itsrightofhimtorefusethe invitation.(him為邏輯主語) 2、表語：Ourdutyistoprotecttheenviroment. 3、動(dòng)詞賓語：此種情況可按固定搭配或句式去記。 例：wouldyouliketoseemyphotos?Kevinplannedtovisithisuncle.(b

35、ook4，L11) 和plan用法一樣的詞還有：start，want，agree，hope，begin，decide等。 Ifounditverydifficulttogeta job.(it為形式賓語)4、賓語補(bǔ)足語：(1)在多數(shù)復(fù)合賓語及物動(dòng)詞后要帶to：例：Iaskedafriendtoreadittome.(book4，L2)(2)在表示感覺、致使等意義的動(dòng)詞 (see，watch，hear，feel，notice，observe， make，let，have，help等)后不帶to。例：Theyheardhimsingapopsonginthemeetingroom. 5、定語：動(dòng)詞

36、不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞的后面。 例：Vinnyisthefirstdisabledper鄄sontosailaroundtheworld.(book4， L1)6、形容詞補(bǔ)足語：在表示心理、感情、評(píng)價(jià)等的形容詞后，對其進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。 例：Weareverygladtomeetyouagain. 7、狀語：表示目的、原因、程度等。 例：Theybroughtinphotosoftheir familiesformetolookat.(book4，L2) 8、“疑問詞不定式”用法：不定式前可帶what，who，which，where，when，how等疑問詞，這種不定式短語在句中多用做賓語。

37、 例：Hedidnttellmewheretogo.9、在初中階段還涉及到“不定式被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式(tobe+過去分詞)” 例：Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted. 解讀動(dòng)詞不定式作主語、賓語、定語、狀語 在中學(xué)教科書中，動(dòng)詞不定式是一個(gè)非常重要的語法點(diǎn)；在歷年高考中，動(dòng)詞不定式是頻頻考查的要點(diǎn)之一；在學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)踐中，動(dòng)詞不定式是瑣碎、難學(xué)的語法項(xiàng)目之一。為了更熟練、準(zhǔn)確、有針對性地掌握此項(xiàng)語法知識(shí)，下面把(N)MET對動(dòng)詞不定式作主語、賓語、定語及狀語的考查點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)、歸納。 I. 不定式作主語 1. 不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，而將作主語的不定式放

38、在句子后部。例如： It is good to help others.幫助他人是件好事。 It is exciting to surf the Internet.上網(wǎng)是件令人興奮的事。 2. 不定式作主語與V-ing形式作主語的不同：前者作主語時(shí)，常表示某一次具體的動(dòng)作；而后者常表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如： To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教這三個(gè)孩子是今天下午我的工作。 Walking is a good form of exercise. 散步是鍛煉的一種好方式。 簡析: Its . of sb. to do sth

39、.與Its. for sb. to do sth. 當(dāng)表語形容詞說明不定式的邏輯主語具有某種品質(zhì)時(shí),常用Its.of sb. to do sth.。例如： Its very kind / nice of you to help me。感謝你的幫助。 當(dāng)表語形容詞說明不定式具有某種特征時(shí)，應(yīng)使用 Its .for sb. to do sth.。例如： Its hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian. 中國學(xué)生學(xué)俄語是很難的。 高考題例 1. Is _ necessary to complete the design before Nation

40、al Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he 2. It was foolish _ you to give up what you rightly owned. A. for B. of C. about D. from II. 不定式作賓語 1. 學(xué)習(xí)不定式作賓語時(shí)，要注意掌握四種動(dòng)詞： 1) 后接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞。常見動(dòng)詞有： offer, decide, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。 2) 后接V-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞。常見動(dòng)詞有： enjo

41、y, mind, suggest, advise, finish, practise, imagine, admit, avoid, delay等。 3)后接不定式和V-ing形式作賓語均可，且沒有大的區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞。常見動(dòng)詞有： start, begin, continue等。 4)后接不定式和V-ing形式作賓語均可，但意思不同的動(dòng)詞。常見動(dòng)詞及短語有:try, remember, forget, regret, stop, go on等。例如： Please remember to lock the door when you go out. 出去時(shí)請記住要鎖門。 I dont rememb

42、er lending you any money. 我不記得借過錢給你。 I regret saying what I said. I shouldnt have said it. 我后悔我所說過的話，我本不該說那些話。 I regret to tell you that you failed your driving test. 我很遺憾地告訴你，你沒有通過駕駛測試。 The minister went on talking for two hours. 部長的講話持續(xù)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 After discussing the economy, the minister then went on

43、 to talk about foreign policy. 討論完經(jīng)濟(jì)，部長接著談?wù)撏饨徽摺?2. 動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作賓語，如帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，要先用it作形式賓語，而將該不定式后置。例如： I dont think it right to do it in that way.我覺得以那種方式去做是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?I find it hard to get along with him. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)與他相處不是件容易的事。 3. 疑問代詞、疑問副詞 + 不定式常常用作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。例如： I dont know where to spend my holiday. 我不知該去哪兒度假。 Hav

44、e you decided when to marry?你決定什么時(shí)候結(jié)婚了嗎？be動(dòng)詞+形容詞+to do sth 如 It was interesting to learn about the Wolong Panda Reserve Its sad to hear all those animals in danger I was so excited to see the panda at last 還有一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu) 動(dòng)詞+to+do sth 如 We need to protect them better I want to buy some clothes But many peopl

45、e decied not to think about that不定式總是感覺表目的啊，表示將來啊。翻譯這樣去理解就好了 這個(gè)like doing動(dòng)名詞在介詞后面用。 初中就這樣記就行了。 like to do什么通常表示想做某件事, 而like doing什么通常表示喜歡做某件事 I like to stay at home and read. (我想待在家看書) I like playing basketball.(哦喜歡打籃球) 初中英語動(dòng)詞不定式用法歸納 動(dòng)詞不定式是由“不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的一種非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。有些動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，動(dòng)詞不定式可以作句子的主語、表語、賓語、

46、定語、補(bǔ)語、狀語或單獨(dú)使用。不定式保留動(dòng)詞的某些特性，可以有自己的賓語、狀語等。動(dòng)詞不定式和它后面的賓語、狀語等一起構(gòu)成短語，叫作不定式短語?，F(xiàn)對九年級(jí)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法作一次簡要梳理。一、用作主語直接把動(dòng)詞不定式置于句首的情況不多，多數(shù)情況用it作形式主語，把真正的主語動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末，特別是不定式短語較長時(shí)。動(dòng)詞不定式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。帶疑問詞的不定式短語作主語常置于句首，復(fù)合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語常置于句末。如：1.As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge. (p.8

47、)2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. (p.16)3.How to make requests politely is important.(p.93)二、用作表語動(dòng)詞不定式作表語，常說明主語的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征。如：1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club. (p.7)2.The first thing is to greet the teacher. (p.96)三、用作賓語1.可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語

48、的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求選擇同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望決定學(xué)習(xí)(expect, hope, decide, learn)，寧可假裝知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. (p.88)2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.(p.50)3)Id love to visit Mexico.(p.53)2.動(dòng)詞decide,

49、know, learn, show, teach, tell.，介詞結(jié)構(gòu)on.可用疑問詞帶to的不定式短語作賓語，但why后面的不定式不帶to。如：1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?(p.92)2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. (p.32)3.動(dòng)詞feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語代替真正的賓語動(dòng)詞不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是.feel / find / make / . it+adj. / n.+to do

50、.。如：I find it difficult to remember everything. (p.98)4.既可接動(dòng)詞不定式又可接ving形式作賓語，意思差別不太大的動(dòng)詞有begin, start, like, love等。一般說來，動(dòng)詞不定式表一次、數(shù)次的具體動(dòng)作、將來動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作的全過程，ving形式表習(xí)慣性的連續(xù)動(dòng)作。但是這種區(qū)別并不很嚴(yán)格，特別是美國英語，即使是習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作也可以用動(dòng)詞不定式。如：1)Then I started to watch English-language TV.(p.6)2)Im beginning to understand my Chinese root

51、s, and who I am. (p.116)begin用了進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，后面只接不定式作賓語，表示事情剛開始，還要繼續(xù)下去。3)I like to eat vegetables. (p.118)感知?jiǎng)釉~like, love, know等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。5.后接動(dòng)詞不定式或ving形式作賓語，意思差別較大的動(dòng)詞有forget, remember等。后接不定式作賓語，表動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；后接ving形式作賓語，表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。stop to do停下來做另外一件事，to do是目的狀語；stop doing停止做、不做當(dāng)前這件事，doing是賓語。try to do盡力做，try doing試試看；

52、go on to do接著做另外的事，go on doing繼續(xù)做原來的事。如：1)When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.(p.107)2)I stopped using them last year. (p.121)四、用作定語1.句子的主語或賓語是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語，不定式與其所修飾的名詞、代詞等存在邏輯的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)式。如：1)I have so many chores to do today.(p.112)2)I cant think of any good advice to give her.

53、 (p.31)3)Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.(p.75)2.動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞是place, time, way等時(shí)，不定式與這些名詞呈現(xiàn)出動(dòng)狀關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系。如：1)He needs time to do homework.(p.19)2)Is that a good place to hang out？(p.88)3)You want to know the best way to get around the city.(p.127)3.在“there be.”句型里，句子的

54、主語是動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的對象，常用主動(dòng)式。如：1)Theres just so much to see and do here.(p.49)2). but there are still many things to do th五、用作補(bǔ)語動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)語態(tài)句里補(bǔ)賓語，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)句里補(bǔ)主語，句子的賓語或主語是不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯執(zhí)行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的賓語或主語就是邏輯承受者。1.在主、被動(dòng)語態(tài)句里用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求允許提議(ask, allow, permit, advise)，期望邀請鼓勵(lì)(expect, suppose, invit

55、e, encourage)，教導(dǎo)告訴想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.(p.29)2)Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. (p.18)3)Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones.(p.101)2.動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語，在主動(dòng)語態(tài)句里不帶to，被動(dòng)語態(tài)句里帶to時(shí)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞是感

56、官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“讓”：have, let, make，二“聽”：hear, listen to，一“感覺”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：1)This picture makes me feel tense！(p.106)2)Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.(p.24)3.help后接動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語，to可帶可不帶。一般說來，帶to表間接幫助，不帶to表直接幫助。在被動(dòng)語態(tài)句里，或者用不定式的否定式作補(bǔ)語時(shí)要帶to。如：1). they can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.(p.106)2)Using email English helps you write quickly. (p.100)