安徽省北師大版新課標高中英語總復習第一輪語法復習：考點8 非謂語動詞(2).ppt

1、Part2 考點8,考點8 非謂語動詞,4. 不定式、動名詞和分詞作定語,(1) The water polluted by the factory should be to blame. (2) Wed better find some work for the children to do. (3) He is the first one to_help(help) me with computer. (4) Your ability to analyze the problem really surprised us. (5) Do you have anything to send？(

2、是主語you送) (6) Do you have anything to_be_sent(send)？(不是主語you送，是別人送),4. 不定式、動名詞和分詞作定語,(7) Barking dogs seldom bite. (8) The plan to_be_made(make) is of vital importance. (9) The building being constructed will be used as a library.(現(xiàn)在正在進行的被動) (10) The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted.(過去的被

3、動) (11) The teacher is satisfied with our satisfying performance in class, which can be seen from her satisfied expression on her face.,規(guī)則1：單個非謂語動詞作定語一般在名詞前，如：(7)；但修飾不定代詞時在代詞后，如：(5)、(6)；非謂語動詞短語作定語一般要跟在名詞后，如：(1)。 規(guī)則2：不定式、動名詞和分詞作定語的區(qū)別： to do sth. 表示：與被修飾的名詞有 動賓關系，如： (2)；名詞前有序數(shù)詞或最高級，如：(3)。 主謂關系。 不定式修飾一

4、些表示方向、原因、時間、機會、 權利等抽象名詞,名 詞 ,to be done 表示將要被做，如：(8)。 done表示已經(jīng)完成的或表被動的動作(having been done不可作定語)，如：(1)、(10)。 being done 表示被修飾詞正在做，如：(9)。 doing sth.表示：正在進行的動作 經(jīng)常性動作 或現(xiàn)在(或當時)的狀態(tài) 即將發(fā)生的動作,名 詞 ,【注意】 不及物動詞構成的不定式作定語，要加上適當?shù)慕樵~且介詞不能省。 規(guī)則3：一些形容詞化的過去分詞表示已完成的動作或所處的狀態(tài)，意為“已經(jīng)的”。 a fallen leaf落葉(已經(jīng)落在地上)a falling leaf

5、 飄零的落葉，尚在空中 a developed country 發(fā)達國家a developing country 發(fā)展中國家,a risen sun 升起的太陽a rising sun 冉冉升起的太陽 a returned student 歸國學生 a retired worker 退休工人 an advanced worker 先進工作者 boiled water 開水boiling water 沸水 a bent branch 彎曲的樹枝 determined opposition 強烈的反對 a devoted soldier 忠誠的士兵 a wellinformed professor

6、 見多識廣的教授,【注意】 1. 有些表示“使”的動詞，其ing形式，意為“令人的”，表示事物的性質、特征，強調給他人的印象；其ed形式，意為“感到的”，表示人的心理、狀態(tài)，強調主語內心的感受，也可修飾look, expression, tears, smile, voice等名詞。如：(11)。 2. 不宜用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語的情況： (1)The man who came this morning is our legal adviser. () The man coming this morning is our legal adviser. (),不能用doing表達過去動作 (2)I

7、s there anyone who can answer this question? () Is there anyone answering this question? () 用answering表達can answer的意思是錯的 (3)Those who have finished their work can go home now. () Those having finished their work can go home now. () 完成式不能作定語,3. drink, learn, sink, light都有兩種形式的過去分詞，但作定語時，只能用拼寫較長的過去分詞。

8、 a drunken driver 喝醉酒的司機；a learned lawyer 博學的律師；a sunken ship 沉船；a lighted candle 點著的蠟燭,5. 不定式和分詞作狀語,(1) He made a long speech, only to_show(show) his ignorance of the subject. (2) Being_watched(watch) by the audience, the young speaker felt very nervous. (3) Encouraged(encourage) by these successes

9、, they decided to expand the business. (4) When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.,5. 不定式和分詞作狀語,(5) Not_having_received(not receive) an answer, he decided to write another letter to them. (6) Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. (7) He worked deep into

10、the night, preparing(prepare) a speech for the president. (8) I got up very early this morning to prepare breakfast for my family.,5. 不定式和分詞作狀語,(9) She is so kind as to help me.She is so kind that she helps me. (10) She is such a kind girl as to help me.She is such a kind girl that she helps me. (11

11、) Im only too pleased to help you. (12) One is never too old to learn.,5. 不定式和分詞作狀語,(13) Seating himself/Seated (Sitting) in the room, he is absorbed in reading. (14) It being Sunday, we neednt go to school. Because it is Sunday, we neednt go to school. (15) All the work done, you can have a rest. I

12、f all the work is done, you can have a rest. (16) While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.,規(guī)則1：不定式和分詞作狀語，有一般式和完成式，也有主動和被動。完成式表示該動作比謂語動詞動作先發(fā)生。當前后主語一致時，可以按照下列形式選擇使用： to do表示目的或結果(to do in order to do /so as to do 其中so as to do不能放在句首) only to do表示意想不到的結果. 如：(1)。,(not) ,to

13、do,doing sth.與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的動作(主動關系) 如：(4)。 being adj./n.常表示原因 being p.p.強調與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的被動動作 (“因為正在被”)。如：(2)。 done 已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動動作，如：(3)。 having done 先于謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作(主動關系) 如：(5)。 having been done先于謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作(被動關 系)，如：(6)。,(not) ,規(guī)則2：不定式“to do sth.”作目的和結果狀語時總是在謂語動詞后發(fā)生，如：(8)。而分詞一般式 “doing sth.”作狀語時總是與謂語動詞同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生，如：(7)

14、。 規(guī)則3：so adj./ adv. as to do 或such(a/an) adj.n. as to do，可以轉化為sothat 或suchthat 引導的結果狀語從句，如：(9)、(10)。,【注意】 1. tooto do表示肯定的情況 當only too和 all too與動詞不定式連用時，表示肯定意義。如：(11)。 too ready/apt/anxious/eager/glad/willing(表示心情或情緒)to do，其后的動詞不定式具有肯定意義，這時too相當于very。 never (not) tooto句型為“不會太所以能”之意。如：(12)。,2. devote

15、, absorb, lose, seat, dress, hide等動詞的非謂語形式作狀語和定語時，可以用它們的ed形式(devoted, absorbed, lost, seated, dressed, hidden)或ingoneself形式(devoting/ absorbing/ losing/ seating/ dressing /hiding oneself)。如：(13)。 3. 有些非謂語動詞短語已經(jīng)游離出來，成為固定短語，當作插入語使用。此時，句子的主語與它們不存在邏輯上的一致關系，如：, to tell you the truth實話說， needless to say不用

16、說， to be honest/ frank老實說，坦白說， to be more exact更確切地說， to make things worse更糟的是，say that假設，not to mention更不用說, Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking一般說來/坦白說/粗略地說，considering 鑒于/考慮到，judging by/from從來看，依據(jù)來判斷，supposing /suppose that假定，providing that 假定，according to依據(jù)，including包括，owing to 由于，talking/spe

17、aking of談及 given考慮到， provided that如果,4獨立主格結構：n./pron.doing/done/to do/adj./adv./prep.短語 前后主語不一致時，作狀語的非謂語動詞需有自己的邏輯主語，此時的“n./pron.doing/done/to do/adj./adv./prep.短語”，就是“獨立主格結構”。如：(14)、(15)。 獨立主格結構的特點： 獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。, n/pron.與后面的doing/done/to do/adj./adv./prep.短語是主謂關系。 獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開。 5.

18、連詞分詞(短語) 有時，為了使非謂語動詞短語與主句的邏輯關系更清楚，可在非謂語動詞前加連詞。連詞有when，while，if，unless，though，after, before, as等。但分詞的主語和主句的主語必須一致，如：(16)。,6. 不定式和分詞作賓語補足語,(1) My father permits me to_surf(surf) the Internet at the weekend. (2) The children were last seen playing(play) by the river. (3) She saw the old man cross the road. The old man was seen to cross the road. (4) Finally I got my car running. (5) The teacher often gets us to recite texts.,6. 不定式和分詞作賓語補足語,(6) Id like to get my car cleaned before the New Year. (7) I made my little brother cry. My little brother was made to cry. (8