AppendixIIIGrammarglossary (2).ppt

1、The Application of Noun Clauses,Review,閘北八中 柳思昀,Step One Recognition,Its estimated that about 30 passengers were killed in the bus accident. 2. We firmly believe that this hi-tech product will be accepted one day . The fact is that we cant afford to buy the house. The fact that he has not been seen

2、recently disturbs everyone in his office. 5. The fact that the man told the king of led to his being killed.,主語從句 Subject,定語從句 Attributive,表語從句 Predicative,同位語從句 Appositive,賓語從句 Object,Definition and Types of Noun Clauses,Predicative Clause 表語從句,Subject Clause 主語從句,Object Clause 賓語從句,Appositive Clau

3、se 同位語從句,Step two Explanation,Some Key Points,1. Declarative sentence or question? 2. Singular or plural? 3. How to choose a conjunction?,Answer: Declarative sentence.When translating Noun Clauses, leave the position and word of order unchanged.,Answer: Singular.,Answer: Always the same ( whatever t

4、he types) and it depends.(Depends on the function of a noun clause.),How to choose a Conjunction:,連接詞： ; if; whether 連接代詞： what, who, which, whatever,whoever,whichever 連接副詞： when, how, why,where,For examples: That she was able to come made us very happy. Whether she will come is still a question. Wh

5、at we need is more time. Who will go makes no difference. Which team will win the match is still unknown. When/Where/ How/Why this accident happened is unknown.,that,If?,Subject Clause （主語從句）,由that, what, whatever, whoever等引導(dǎo)的主語從句 “It” 作為形式主語的主語從句,_(結(jié)果是否有價(jià)值) depends partly on our attitudes towards i

6、t. (一路上所見所聞)left me a very deep impression. 不管明天天氣怎么樣都不會(huì)阻止我們開運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。,用that,what, whatever,who, whoever, when ,whether, where, why, how 等來引導(dǎo)主語從句，按照原句的順序來翻譯。,What I saw and heard on my trip,Whether the results will be valuable,Whatever the weather will be like tomorrow,_will not prevent us from holding t

7、he sports meeting. (whatever/However),However the weather will be tomorrow,諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)金被認(rèn)為是科學(xué)家們最大的榮譽(yù)是眾所周知的。 _is known to all.,That a Nobel Prize is considered the greatest honor for a scientist,2. 用it作形式主語來翻譯。,. “It +謂語（表語）+that / whether”句型,(1) It is 名詞 從句 It is a fact that 事實(shí)是 It is an honor that 非常榮幸 It

8、 is common knowledge that 是常識(shí) (2) It is 形容詞 從句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 (3) It 不及物動(dòng)詞 從句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎 It doesnt matter whether 是否不要緊,B. “It+被動(dòng)語態(tài)+that”句型,這種句子在漢語里常常是主動(dòng)句，含有“大家”“我們” “有人” “人們”等泛指性的主語，或是以“據(jù)”開頭。,_(report) the conference will

9、be held in December. _(know) professional sports are popular in the United States.,It is reported that,It is well known that,Object Clause（賓語從句）,以that, what, how等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 以it作形式賓語的賓語從句,1. 如果主句時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),從句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時(shí)態(tài). a .他相信他的夢(mèng)想總有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的. He believes _ . b .請(qǐng)告訴我你昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在干什么. Please tell me _.,1)

10、以that, what, how等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句， 注意時(shí)態(tài)和語序。,(that) his dream will come true some day,what you were doing at this time yesterday,2. 如果主句謂語是過去時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞一般用過去的 某種時(shí)態(tài),但從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然規(guī)律等時(shí)，從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 1). 他告訴我他正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備。 He told me _ . 2). 他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。 He told me _. 3). 老師告訴我們光是沿直線運(yùn)行的。 The teacher told us_.,(that)

11、 he was preparing for the exam,(that) he had been away from his hometown for 10 years,(that) light travels in straight,我們認(rèn)為每天練習(xí)口語是有必要的。 We find _necessary _every day.,2) 以it作形式賓語，把真正的賓語以從句的形式 放在后面。(主語+謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)+that+賓語從句）,we practise speaking English,1.I took _ for granted that they were not coming.

12、A. that B. this C. it D. so,C,it,Predicative Clause 表語從句,這正是我接下來想說的話。 This is what I want to say next. 看起來要下雪了。 It seems that it is going to snow.,表語從句典型錯(cuò)誤 1：The reason why I was late was because I missed the train.,2. -I rang you at about ten, but there is no reply. -Oh, that was probably why I was

13、 seeing the doctor,reason 后面的表語從句只能用that 引導(dǎo), 不能用why 引導(dǎo), 但reason后面的定語從句可以用why 或者that 引導(dǎo)。例如： The reason why we didnt trust him is that he has often lied The reason that he gave us was ridiculous.,Because 引導(dǎo)狀語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)表語從句，但通常只用于”This/That/It is/was because”結(jié)構(gòu)中,3: The difficulties we now meet with is if

14、 we can persuade him to tell the truth.,whether 和 if 在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)一般可以通用，但在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、介詞后面的賓語從句時(shí)只能用whether，不能用if,Appositive Clause 同位語從句,同位語從句：解釋抽象概念的內(nèi)容。 主要抽象名詞：belief（相信），fact（事實(shí)），hope（希望）， idea（想法，觀點(diǎn)），doubt（懷疑），news（新聞，消息），rumor（傳聞），conclusion（結(jié)論），evidence（證據(jù)），suggestion（建議），problem（問題），order（命令

15、），answer（回答），decision（決定），discovery（發(fā)現(xiàn)），explanation（解釋），information（消息），knowledge（知識(shí)），law（法律），opinion（意見，觀點(diǎn)），truth（真理，事實(shí)），promise（承諾），report（報(bào)告），thought（思想），statement（聲明），rule（規(guī)定），possibility（可能）等。,同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別:,1. 同位語從句中，that 是連詞，不充當(dāng)成分。 2. 定語從句中，that 起連接作用外，還充當(dāng)成分。 3. 同位語從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系，定語從句與前面的名詞是所屬

16、關(guān)系，起修飾作用。 4. 同位語從句的連詞that 一般不能省略，定語從句中，作賓語時(shí)，常可省略。,1. We expressed the hope (that) they had expressed. 我們表達(dá)了他們?cè)?jīng)表示的那種希望。（ ） 2. We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. 我們表示希望他們?cè)賮碇袊?guó)訪問。（ ）,定語從句,同位語從句,1. The students have come to realize that friendship is more important than mon

17、ey and that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 2. I find it hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinion. 3. It is obvious that the experience provided by the engineers has been proved highly valuable. 4. Whether or not it is a good thing to send a child to study abroad varies from person to person. 5. The unexpected accident taught him a lesson that too much happiness leads to sorrow.,Step Three Understanding,這次意外事故使他學(xué)到了“樂極生悲”這個(gè)教訓(xùn)。,我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與那些一貫固執(zhí)己見的人合作。,顯而易見，工程