河南高考研討會（完形填空）.ppt

1、,關(guān)注高考命題方向，備戰(zhàn) 2010英語高考 北京市東城區(qū)教師研修中心 陳淑芬 2010/3/6,一、【考點概覽】,完形填空在語篇層面上考查常用詞匯的準確、得體的應用，側(cè)重考查考生在理解篇章的基礎上靈活運用詞匯、語法及語篇知識的能力。同時考查考生的邏輯思維能力和分析判斷能力。,文章理解、單詞使用、詞組辨認、句型搭配；上下文線索、邏輯推理、歸納總結(jié)、語篇格調(diào)、文化背景領悟等能力。,能力考查重點：,二、【命題趨勢】,縱觀近幾年高考完形填空試題，它們不僅滲透著西方的文化、習俗及價值取向，而且具有較強的欣賞性和可讀性。完形填空題多數(shù)考查具有一定故事情節(jié)的記敘文，也可能考查議敘結(jié)合、以敘為主、富有哲理的論

2、說文。選材精良，崇尚善良，催人向上，有積極意義和教育意義；選材內(nèi)容貼近生活，貼近實際，符合高中生的認知水平。,三、【應對技巧】,1、完形填空試題選材命題特點 2、完形填空試題解題能力要求 3、提高完形填空解題能力建議 4、經(jīng)典完形填空試題賞析,選材特點 記敘文體為主 第一人稱敘述 夾雜心理描寫 富有情節(jié)變化 具有啟發(fā)意義,命題特點 文章長度在250-350詞之間，保證故事完整性 第一句不設空：有助于文章整體理解 兩空之間不少于四個詞：減少答題難度 選項形式高度一致：增加干擾性 側(cè)重實詞考查：名、動、形、副,1、選材、命題特點,5,1）詞匯能力 2）把握上下文線索 3）生活常識、邏輯推理 4）語

3、篇閱讀能力,2、解題能力要求,6,1）詞匯能力,突破常用活躍詞匯： 例：考綱 A欄: 196詞 已知簡單詞，如：able，about ，above， after，again， age，ago， air， along， all， also，although，always etc. 需要認知詞，如：addition， advantage adventure，advertisement， agreement，agriculture， announcement，arithmetic， arrangement, Antarctic， Arctic etc.,1）詞匯能力,突破常用活躍詞匯（一詞多義）：

4、account I have an account with the Commercial Bank. All people want to invest money for good account. Dont always believe newspaper accounts.,帳戶，戶頭,利益,報告，敘述, Only by working hard can you be admitted to your dream college., The boy at last admitted breaking the window.,1）詞匯能力, The harbor does not adm

5、it large liners.,允許進入,承認,容納,突破常用活躍詞匯（一詞多義）： admit（admission）, admitting or being admitted (to a society, school, a building such as a theatre, museum) fee or charge to be admitted,Only by working hard can you get the admission to your dream college.,1）詞匯能力,There is no admission charge for this film.

6、 Its for free.,突破常用活躍詞匯（一詞多義）： admit（admission）,1）詞匯能力,突破常用活躍詞匯（一詞多義）： announce, Mr. Green has announced his engagement to Miss White., Gathering clouds announced the oncoming storm.,宣布,預示,1）詞匯能力,突破常用活躍詞匯（一詞多義）： attend The court will be on the 15th, but you dont have to attend if you prefer not to.

7、Theres no point in your coming to my classes if youre not going to attend to what I say.,出席,關(guān)心,1）詞匯能力,突破常用活躍詞匯（一詞多義）： attend The little boy was attended by a baby-sitter. I always have so many things to attend to when I come into the office.,照顧,處理,1）詞匯能力, Jane spent many years observing and recordin

8、g the chimps daily activities.,Everybody should observe traffic rules.,watch carefully,obey,突破常用活躍詞匯（一詞多義）： observe,1）詞匯能力, More and more people, esp.young people observe Christmas in our country.,The policeman observed the man open the window.,celebrate,see and notice,Those who are not content with

9、 their achievements will make more. The old lady is curious about the contents in other peoples bags.,satisfied, pleased,1）詞匯能力,突破常用活躍詞匯（一詞多義）： content,matter, things,1）詞匯能力,突破常用活躍詞匯（一詞多義）： treat,They treated me with all respect. They treated him with a new drug.,接待，對待,治療，醫(yī)治,1）詞匯能力,突破常用活躍詞匯（一詞多義）： t

10、reat, Its my turn to treat you tonight. She treated herself to a new dress.,招待，款待,破費，舍得,1）詞匯能力,突破常用活躍詞匯（一詞多義）,鏈接高考(2006全國卷I)： On a hot summer day in late August, I sought shade and a cool drink at a waterfront cafe on a Greek island. Over a hundred degrees in 36 air. Crowded. Tempers of both the tou

11、rists and waiters had risen to meet the situation, making it a rather quarrelsome environment. 36.A. fresh B. cool C. still D. thin,1）詞匯能力,still Still waters run deep.(靜止的) You still have a long way to go. (仍舊) Lets join hands to make still greater victories. (更加),Angela was all smiles and 54 the ne

12、ws to Amy and Daniel. “Youre amazing,” smiled Daniel to Angela as he thought how close they came to having a less than perfect dance. 54. A. showedB. wroteC. brokeD. read,1） 詞匯能力,突破常用活躍詞匯（一詞多義）(07北京卷),break the newsmake it known 透露，告知；傳達消息,通過率11%,When I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a scholarshi

13、p. Having been a Straight-A student, I believed I could _36_ tough subjects and really learn something. 36. A. take B. discuss C. cover D. get,掌握短語和搭配,通過率36%,1） 詞匯能力,2008北京卷,I stopped working hard. I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would. The night before the final, I even 50 mysel

14、f to a movie. 50. A. helped B. favored C. treated D. relaxed,1）詞匯能力,掌握短語和搭配,treat oneself to: 招待，款待,通過率18%,Robert had a good friend named Henley, who walked around with the 50 of a wooden leg. Robert had always wanted to include such a man in a story. Thus Long John Silver, the pirate with a wooden

15、leg, was born . 50. A. help B. problem C. use D. bottom,1）詞匯能力,掌握短語和搭配,詞匯的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量在某種程度上決定了考生讀寫能力的高低，但是如果只有詞匯的數(shù)量，而沒有詞匯的質(zhì)量（即用字能力），也會影響高考得分。考綱對詞匯的要求是“能掌握”，所謂掌握就是對你記憶的詞匯能在語言交流中使用，而不是只停留在識記層面上。目前部分考生普遍存在的問題，尤其是80-100分左右的考生，詞匯基礎薄弱是獲得高分的最大障礙，突破詞匯障礙是提高成績的關(guān)鍵。,提高認字用字能力,前制性設空 Over a hundred degrees in still air.

16、 Crowded. Tempers of both the tourists and waiters had risen to meet the situation, making it a rather quarrelsome environment. At the table next to mine sat an attractive, well-dressed couple, waiting for service. . 44 appeared. 44. A. The manager B. A friend C. A waiter D. The servant,2）把握上下文線索,20

17、06全國I卷,后制性設空 At the table next to mine sat an attractive, _ couple, waiting for service. A. lonely B. curious C. well-dressed D. bad-tempered . One doesnt step into water in ones best summer clothes. Why not?,2）把握上下文線索,后制性設空,2）把握上下文線索,前面講的是媽媽在給孩子準備午餐時順便夾帶一個便條，感激或鼓勵，孩子小的時候很喜歡讀，隨著年齡長大孩子自主意識增強，對這種他們認為“

18、小兒科”的事情不感興趣了。但媽媽這一做法一直堅持到孩子高中畢業(yè)。 Six years after high school graduation, Marc called and asked if he could move _9_ for a couple of months. He had spent those years well, graduating from college, completing two internship (實習) in Washington D.C., and finally, becoming a technical assistant in Sacram

19、ento. Except for short vacation visits, however, he had lived away from home. 9. A. out B. home C. to college D. to Sacramento,2008全國高考II卷,后制性設空,2）把握上下文線索,Stevenson, a Scotsman, had lived abroad for many years. In 1881 he returned to Scotland for a holiday . With him were his American wife Fanny and

20、 his son 39 . Each morning Stevenson would take them out for a long walk over the hills. They had been enjoying this this for several days before the weather suddenly took a turn for the worse. Kept indoors by the heavy rain, Lloyd felt the days dull. To keep the boy happy, Robert asked the boy to d

21、o some drawing. 39. A. Lloyd B. Robert C. Henley D. John,2009全國高考I卷,后制性設空 Fall, 1959, the first day of class at Bethesda Chevy Chase High School was about begin .“Who ”，I asked a senior, “is Mrs. McNamara, my 10th grade English teacher?” He just _31_and said something about my being in _32_. Soon, I

22、 understood what he meant. 31.A. nodded B. laughed C. apologized D. shouted 32. A. trouble B. sorrow C danger D. anger 下文講述的是有關(guān)Mrs. McNamara 的一個特殊教學方法，讓學生做有關(guān)文 學閱讀的家庭作業(yè)，第二天上課時寫與昨天作業(yè)有關(guān)的寫作，老師收上后 批改發(fā)下來逐個在課上讀然后大家評。哪個學生如果沒有做閱讀的家庭作 業(yè)的話，就不能寫課堂作文，課堂作文寫得不好，大家無法評價，全班學 生作文降分！本文作者深深領教該老師此法的嚴厲，本文開頭的學長估計 也領教過，所以出現(xiàn)

23、本文的開頭。,2）把握上下文線索,2009湖北卷,后制性設空 故事講的是一位交警。他微笑指揮交通，友好向司機揮手就像 對老朋友一樣當作者第一次遇到他這么做的時候誤以為他跟他 認識呢。確認以前不認識之后，在路上再相遇，總向老朋友一 樣打招呼。,2）把握上下文線索,2009天津卷,Then one day the mystery was solved. As I 23 the school he was standing in the middle of the road holding out his stop sign. I was in line behind four cars. Once

24、 the kids had reached the safety of the sidewalk, he lowered his sign and let the cars through. 23. A. visited B. approached C. passed D. left,語篇性設空 Sometimes one should consider crossing the line of convention (常規(guī)) and enjoy _ to the fullest. A. life B. wine C. lunch D. time,2）把握上下文線索,2006全國I卷,3）生活

25、常識、邏輯推理,From the time each of my children started school, I packed their lunches. And in each lunch, I included a note. Often written on a napkin (餐巾), it might be a thank-you for a special moment, a reminder of something we were happily expecting, or a bit of 23 for the coming test or sporting even

26、t. 23. A. congratulation B. improvement C. explanation D. encouragement,（2008全國卷II）,With his younger sister leaving for college, I was especially happy to have Marc back. Since I was still making lunch for his younger brother, I packed one for Marc, too. Imagine my surprise when I got a call from my

27、 24-yere-old son, asking about his lunch. “Did I do something wrong? Dont you love me any more ,Mom?” were just a few of the questions he threw at me as I 40 asked him what was wrong. “My note, Mom,” he answered. “Wheres my note?” 40. A. interestingly B. bitterly C. politely D. laughingly,3）生活常識、邏輯推

28、理,2008全國 II卷,3）生活常識、邏輯推理,When I finished 35km(a marathon race), I knew I was going to get to the end of the course. Somehow that 52 made me feel lighter and faster and it seemed as if my legs flew over the last few kilometers. 52. A. prideB. satisfaction C. success D. confidence,(模擬試題),1)了解高中英語新課程標準

29、詞匯要求,3、提高完形填空解題能力建議,Dont throw bottles away because its better to recycle them. 2. Try to use recycled paper because it saves energy. 3. The Forbidden City in Beijing is the biggest ancient palace in the world. 4. You are not allowed to take food into the library. 5. The museum is very familiar to T

30、om. He has been there many times.,2）多種方式強化記憶單詞讀句子寫單詞,2）多種方式強化記憶單詞短文填空(給出首字母),Im not good at c_1_ with others such as chatting online, discussing questions, giving advice, speaking in p_2_ and offering help to others because I always feel timid and a_3_ when talking with others e_4_ those of the oppo

31、site sex. I most enjoy staying a_5_ in my room and doing whatever I like without being d_6_ .I will design fashionable dresses for some pop stars in five years. From the above problems I come to r_7_ that I have to be more c_8_ and open minded in order to make my dream come true in society. My partn

32、er suggests that I can work as a worker, barber, typists, zookeeper or the Mother superior. Im not interested in doing any of the l_9_ jobs at all and Im d_10_ to be a designer in the near future.,Im not good at communicating with others such as chatting online, discussing questions, giving advice,

33、speaking in public and offering help to others because I always feel timid and ashamed when talking with others especially those of the opposite sex. I most enjoy staying alone in my room and doing whatever I like without being disturbed. I will design fashion dresses for some pop stars in five year

34、s. From the above problems I come to realize that I have to be more confident/ cheerful and open minded in order to make my dream come true in society. My partner suggests that I can work as a worker, barber, typists, zookeeper or the Mother superior. Im not interested in doing any of the listed job

35、s at all and Im 10 determined to be a designer in the near future.,Australia, a country (1)_ six states and two territories is located on a(n) (2)_ continent with a history of at least 50,000 years. Aborigines were the (3)_ people who settled there. Aborigines (4) _ a lot after European explorers ar

36、rived at the continent. Some of their land was (5)_ and their ecosystems were(6) _ by the way the newcomers farmed the land.,made up of,ancient,earliest/first,suffered,taken away,harmed/destroyed,2）多種方式強化記憶單詞無提示短文填空（利用課文),Things began to change in the early 1900s, when the Commonwealth of Australia

37、was (7)_. That men were free and equal was publicly (8) _by the Constitution, but wasnt widely accepted, so Aborigines couldnt (9) _the same rights as the Europeans. It wasnt until many years later that Aborigines got respect that they should have (10) _ long before. After the Second World War, Aust

38、ralia was gradually (11) _ into a modern country. As a country of (12)_, Australia has (13)_ a lot from its diverse cultures, which have (14 ) _ to making what Australia is today.,formed,stated/ claimed,enjoy,deserved,transformed/deveioped/turned,immigration,benefited,contributed,3)在語境中學詞,單詞的真正詞義要在具

39、體的語境中才能準確地體現(xiàn)。由于兩種語言的不同,簡單的中文翻譯不能保證中英文單詞之間的內(nèi)涵和外延一致,也不能正確理解該詞的語用特征.,3、提高完形填空解題能力建議,單詞學習要結(jié)合表達需求,話題范圍和語境進行。簡單地用中文對照方法學習和記憶單詞或者孤立地死記硬背單詞不利于對英語單詞的理解,掌握與積累。 單詞學習應和學習策略的培養(yǎng)和應用結(jié)合起來。在運用中學習和掌握詞匯。,3）在語境中學詞,3、提高完形填空解題能力建議,“完形填空”在高考中占分值達到30分該試題對語法,詞匯,閱讀,理解等多項英語能力都有所考查,綜合性很強.我的一個小習慣幫了我的大忙.在高考復習中,我堅持每天用固定的時間進行朗讀英語,雖

40、然高考中沒有一道試題是針對朗讀開展,但是我發(fā)現(xiàn)朗讀能讓我比較容易地找到對英語的感覺.而完形填空最終考查的就是一種感覺.在做完形填空試題時會選讀起來最通順的選項,這個讀起來最通順的選項又恰好就是正確答案.在高考完形填空試題只錯了一個空.這種脫口成章的語言自由運用狀態(tài),才是語言學習的根本和真正目的.,4） 經(jīng)常大聲朗讀，培養(yǎng)英語語感,3、提高完形填空解題能力建議,文科狀元經(jīng)驗談：,攻克完形填空好比攻克一個敵人的碉堡。應該從四面八方向它發(fā)起攻擊，從外圍突破。以題攻題作用不大。閱讀是最好的方法。通過閱讀提高語篇的理解能力，感悟能力，才能更好地揣摩出殘缺語篇的完整意義，把它還原到最佳。,5）加強泛讀，培

41、養(yǎng)用英語思維的習慣。,3、提高完形填空解題能力建議,老師先做預測難題進行挑戰(zhàn)激活討論可能的答案（由學生給）爭論再給出正確答案學生思考、沉淀朗讀（把正確答案填入空白）， 找感覺，更深入地從整體感悟語篇。,3、提高完形填空解題能力建議,6）把握正確的解題過程,全國高考試題（每年近20套題） 好的模擬試題,3、提高完形填空解題能力建議,7）精選好題,The True Story of Treasure Island It was always thought that Treasure Island was the product of Robert Louis Stevensons imagina

42、tion. 36 , recent research has found the true story of this exciting work. Stevenson, a Scotsman, had lived 37 for many years. In 1881 he returned to Scotland for a 38 . With him were his American wife Fanny and his son 39 .,4、2009完形填空賞析(全國卷I),36. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Finally 37. A.

43、 alone B. next door C. at home D. abroad 38. A. meeting B. story C. holiday D. job 39. A. Lloyd B. Robert C. Henley D. John,Each morning Stevenson would take them out for a long 40 over the hills. They had been 41 this for several days before the weather suddenly took a turn for the worse. Kept indo

44、ors by the heavy rain, Lloyd felt the days 42 . To keep the boy happy, Robert asked the boy to do some 43 .,40. A. talk B. rest C. walk D. game 41. A. attempting B. missing C. planning D. enjoying 42. A. quiet B. dull C. busy D. cold 43. A. cleaning B. writing C. drawing D. exercising,1,44. A. doubt

45、ed B. noticed C. decided D. recognized 45. A. the sea B. the house C. Scotland D. the island 46. A. forgotten B. buried C. discovered D. unexpected 47. A. saw B. drew C. made D. learned 48. A. book B. reply C. picture D. mind 49. A. star B. hero C. writer D. child,One morning, the boy came to Robert

46、 with a beautiful map of an island. Robert 44 that the boy had drawn a large cross in the middle of 45 . Whats that? he asked. Thats the 46 treasure said the boy. Robert suddenly 47 something of an adventure story in the boys 48 . While the rain was pouring, Robert sat down by the fire to write a st

47、ory. He would make the 49 a twelve-year-old boy, just like Lloyd. But who would be the pirate (海盜)?,Robert had a good friend named Henley, who walked around with the 50 of a wooden leg. Robert had always wanted to 51 such a man in a story. 52 Long John Silver, the pirate with a wooden leg, was 53 .

48、50. A. help B. problem C. use D. bottom 51. A. praise B. produce C. include D. accept 52. A. Yet B. Also C. But D. Thus 53. A. read B. born C. hired D. written,So, thanks to a 54 September in Scotland, a friend with a wooden leg, and the imagination of a twelve-year-old boy, we have one of the great

49、est 55 stories in the English language.,54. A. rainy B. sunny C. cool D. windy 55. A. news B. love C. real-life D. adventure,選材精良，短小精悍（06試題：263詞；07試題：266詞；08試題：263詞；09試題：287詞），語言簡練生動，情節(jié)清楚，故事性強，難度適中 上下文思路試題17題，占70%以上 充分體現(xiàn)突出語篇的命題思路,5、全國I卷完形填空試題特點,There was a very special teacher who made a far reachin

50、g difference in my life. Fall, 1959, the first day of class at Bethesda Chevy Chase High School was about to begin .“Who ”，I asked a senior, “is Mrs. McNamara, my 10th grade English teacher?” He just _31_and said something about my being in _32_. Soon, I understood what he meant. Mrs. McNamara had a

51、 pattern of _33_that she repeated again and again. We would have a literature reading task for_34_. The next day ,when we came to class, there would be two or three topics on the blackboard _35_ to the homework reading. 31.A. nodded B. laughed C. apologized D. shouted 32.A.trouble B. sorrow C danger

52、 D. anger 33.A.behaviour B. evaluation C. activity D. thought 34.A.review B. performance C. practice D. homework 35.A.added B. related C. contributed D. compared,6、經(jīng)典高考完形填空試題欣賞,2009湖北高考試題,We were_36_to write an in class essay about one of the topics. The following day, she would _37_the corrected an

53、d graded essays and each person would be called _38_ to stand in front of the class and to _39_ hisher essay. The class were required to criticize(評論)that essay, _40_the grade of everyone in class would be reduced. 36.A. expected B. persuaded C. allowed D. advised 37.A. collect B. return C. send D. receive 38.A. on purpose B.