海上風(fēng)電的基本術(shù)語(中英文對照).ppt

1、3.1 co-directional (wind and waves)同向（風(fēng)和浪）acting in the same direction作用在同一方向3.2 Current水流a flow of water past a fixed location usually described in terms of a current speed and direction經(jīng)過一個固定位置的水流，通常由流速和流向描述,Offshore windpower terms and definitions海上風(fēng)電的基本術(shù)語,3.3 design wave設(shè)計波浪deterministic wave wi

2、th a defined height, period and direction, used for the design of an offshorestructure. A design wave may be accompanied by a requirement for the use of a particular periodicwave theory用于海上結(jié)構(gòu)物的設(shè)計，具有指定高度、周期和方向的確定性波浪。設(shè)計波浪可能要求采用特定的波浪周期理論3.4 designer設(shè)計方party or parties responsible for the design of an o

3、ffshore wind turbine負(fù)責(zé)海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組設(shè)計的一方或多方3.5 environmental conditions 環(huán)境條件characteristics of the environment (wind, waves, sea currents, water level, sea ice, marine growth,scour and overall seabed movement, etc.) which may affect the wind turbine behaviour可能影響風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組性能的環(huán)境特性（如風(fēng)、浪、洋流、水位、海冰、海生物、沖刷和整體海床運動等

4、,3.6 external conditions (wind turbines)外部條件（風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組）factors affecting operation of an offshore wind turbine, including the environmental conditions, theelectrical network conditions, and other climatic factors (temperature, snow, ice, etc.)影響海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組運行的因素，包括環(huán)境條件、電網(wǎng)條件和其他氣候因素（如溫度、降雪、結(jié)冰等等）3.7 extreme s

5、ignificant wave height 極端有效波高expected value of the highest significant wave height, averaged over 3 hours, with an annual probability3.8 extreme wave height極端波高expected value of the highest individual wave height (generally the zero up-crossing wave height) withan annual probability of exceedance of

6、 1/N (“ recurrence period” : N years)最高單個波高的期望值（通常為向上跨越零點的波高），超過這個期望值的年概率為1/N（“ 重復(fù)周期” ：N年）,3.9 fast ice cover固定冰蓋a rigid continuous cover of ice not in motion靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)下的連續(xù)剛性冰覆蓋層3.10 fetch風(fēng)距distance over which the wind blows constantly over the sea with approximately constant wind speedand direction風(fēng)以近似恒定

7、的風(fēng)速和風(fēng)向持續(xù)地吹過海面所經(jīng)過的距離3.11 foundation基礎(chǔ)part of an offshore wind turbine support structure which transfers the loads acting on the structure intothe seabed. Different foundation concepts are shown in Figure 1 together with the other parts of an offshore wind turbine.海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的組成部分，能將作用在結(jié)構(gòu)上的載荷傳遞到海床上。

8、不同類型的海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組基礎(chǔ)以及其它部分如圖1所示。,3.12 highest astronomical tide最高天文潮highest still water level that can be expected to occur under any combination of astronomical conditions and under average meteorological conditions. Storm surges, which are meteorologically generated and essentially irregular, are super

9、imposed on the tidal variations, so that a total still water level abovehighest astronomical tide may occur.在任何天文條件的組合下或一般氣象條件下都可以預(yù)測的最高靜水位。風(fēng)暴潮是氣象的產(chǎn)物，它本質(zhì)上沒有規(guī)律，并與潮汐變化相互重疊，所以總靜水位可能高于最高天文潮。3.13 hub height (wind turbines)輪轂高度（風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組）height of the centre of the swept area of the wind turbine rotor above t

10、he mean sea level風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)風(fēng)輪掠掃面積的中心點距離平均海平面的高度,3.14 load effect 載荷效應(yīng) effect of a single load or combination of loads on a structural component or system, e.g. internal force, stress, strain, motion etc. 單個載荷或者組合載荷對某個結(jié)構(gòu)部件或整個系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的影響，例如內(nèi)力、應(yīng)力、應(yīng)變、移動等等,3.15 hummocked ice 冰丘 crushed ice and ice floes piled up

11、into ridges when large ice floes meet with each other or with a rigid obstacle, e.g. an offshore wind turbine support structure 大塊浮冰碰到其它浮冰或者堅硬的障礙物（例如海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的支撐結(jié)構(gòu)）時，碎冰和浮冰堆積形成的冰丘。 3.16 ice floe 浮冰 a sheet of ice in size from meters to several kilometers, not rigidly frozen to a shore, still or in mot

12、ion 大小從幾米到幾千米的片狀冰塊，與岸邊凍得不是很結(jié)實，可能靜止不動也可能在漂移 3.17 icing 結(jié)冰 build-up of a cover of ice or frost on parts of an offshore wind turbine that can result in added loads and/or changed properties 在海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的某些組成部分上形成的冰層或霜凍，這可能引起額外載荷和/或改變特性,3.18 lowest astronomical tide最低天文潮lowest still water level that can be

13、 expected to occur under any combination of astronomical conditions and under average meteorological conditions. Storm surges, which are meteorologically generated and essentially irregular, are superimposed on the tidal variations, so that a total still water level belowlowest astronomical tide may

14、 occur.在任何天文條件的組合下或一般氣象條件下都可以被預(yù)測的最低靜水位。風(fēng)暴潮是氣象的產(chǎn)物，它本質(zhì)上沒有規(guī)律，并與潮汐變化相互重疊，所以總靜水位可能低于最低天文潮。3.19 manufacturer制造商party or parties responsible for the manufacture and construction of an offshore wind turbine負(fù)責(zé)海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的制造和生產(chǎn)的一方或多方,3.20 marine conditions海洋條件characteristics of the marine environment (waves, sea

15、 currents, water level, sea ice, marine growth,seabed movement and scour, etc.) which may affect the wind turbine behaviour可能影響風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組性能的海洋環(huán)境特性（海浪、洋流、水位、海冰、海生物、海床運動和沖刷等） 3.21 marine growth海生物surface coating on structural components caused by plants, animals and bacteria由動植物和細(xì)菌引起的結(jié)構(gòu)部件表面上的覆蓋物,3.22 mean

16、 sea level平均海平面average level of the sea over a period of time long enough to remove variations due to waves, tides and storm surges在能夠消除海浪、潮汐和風(fēng)暴潮所引起的變化的足夠長的一段時間內(nèi)，海平面的的平均水平3.23 mean zero crossing period平均跨零周期average period of the zero-crossing (up or down) waves in a sea state在某個海況下，海浪跨越零點（向上或向下）的平均周

17、期3.24 metocean 海洋氣象abbreviation of meteorological and oceanographic是單詞“ 氣象的” （meteorological）和“ 海洋學(xué)的” （oceanographic）的縮寫3.25 multi-directional (wind and/or wave)多方向（風(fēng)和/或海浪）a distribution of directions方向的分布,3.26 offshore wind turbine海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組a wind turbine with a support structure which is subject to

18、hydrodynamic loading支撐結(jié)構(gòu)承受水動力載荷的風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組3.27 offshore wind turbine site海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電場場址the location or intended location of an individual offshore wind turbine either alone or within a wind farm單臺海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組或者是整個海上風(fēng)電場的位置或者擬定位置3.28 pile penetration樁貫入深度vertical distance from the sea floor to the bottom of the pi

19、le從海底面到樁底部的垂直距離,3.29 power collection system (wind turbines)電力匯集系統(tǒng)（風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組）electric system that collects the power from one or more wind turbines. It includes all electricalequipment connected between the wind turbine terminals and the network connection point. Foroffshore wind farms, the power colle

20、ction system may include the connection to shore.從一臺或多臺風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組匯集電能的電力系統(tǒng)。它包括從風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)端口到電網(wǎng)接入點之間的所有電氣設(shè)備。對于海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電場，電力匯集系統(tǒng)還可能包括與岸上電力系統(tǒng)的連接。3.30 reference period參考周期period during which stationarity is assumed for a given stochastic process, for example wind speed,sea elevation or response在此周期內(nèi)，假設(shè)給定的隨機(jī)過程保持穩(wěn)定，例

21、如風(fēng)速、海平面上升或者響應(yīng),3.31 refraction繞射process by which wave energy is redistributed as a result of changes in the wave propagation velocitydue to variations in water depth and/or current velocity由于水深和/或流速的改變將造成波浪傳播速度的變化，由此引起波浪能量重新分布的過程3.32 residual currents 余流the components of a current other than tidal cu

22、rrent. The most important is often the storm surgecurrent除去潮汐流剩下的海流。主要指風(fēng)暴潮引起的海流3.33 rotor nacelle assembly風(fēng)輪-機(jī)艙組件part of an offshore wind turbine carried by the support structure, refer Figure 1海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組中由支撐結(jié)構(gòu)支撐的部分,3.34 sea floor海底interface between the sea and the seabed海水和海床的分界面3.35 sea floor slope海

23、底坡度local gradient of the sea floor, e.g. associated with a beach海底的局部梯度，例如海灘的傾斜度3.36 sea state海況a condition of the sea in which its statistics remain stationary統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)保持穩(wěn)定的一種海洋狀態(tài),3.37 seabed海床materials below the sea floor in which a support structure is founded海底以下的物質(zhì)部分，支撐結(jié)構(gòu)固定在其中3.38 seabed movement海床運

24、動movement of the seabed due to natural geological processes自然地質(zhì)過程產(chǎn)生的海床運動3.39 scour沖刷removal of seabed soils by currents and waves or caused by structural elements interrupting the naturalflow regime above the sea floor由于海流或海浪，或結(jié)構(gòu)中斷了海底以上的固有流態(tài)引起的海床土壤流失,3.40 significant wave height 有效波高statistical meas

25、ure of the height of waves in a sea state, defined as 4* where is the standarddeviation of the sea surface elevation. In sea states with only a narrow band of wave frequencies thesignificant wave height is approximately equal to the mean height of the highest third of the zero up-crossing waves在某海況下

26、波高的統(tǒng)計量，定義為4* ，其中 為海平面上升的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差。在僅有窄帶波頻的海況中，有效波高近似等于上穿零點的三分之一個大波波高的平均值3.41 splash zone飛濺區(qū)external region of support structure that is frequently wetted due to waves and tidal variations. Thisshall be defined as the zone between the highest still water level with a recurrence period of 1 yearincreased b

27、y the corresponding significant crest height, and the lowest still water level with a recurrence,3.42 still water level 靜水位abstract water level calculated by including the effects of tides and storm surge but excluding variationsdue to waves. Still water level can be above, at, or below mean sea lev

28、el考慮包括潮汐和風(fēng)暴潮影響但不包括波浪變化而計算出的理論水位。靜水位可以高于、等于或低于平均海平面3.43 storm surge暴潮irregular movement of the sea brought about by wind and atmospheric pressure variations由于風(fēng)和大氣壓變化而引起的不規(guī)則海洋運動3.44 sub-structure下部結(jié)構(gòu)part of an offshore wind turbine support structure which extends upwards from the seabed and connectsth

29、e foundation to the tower, refer Figure 1海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分，由海床向上延伸，連接基礎(chǔ)與塔架，參見圖1,3.45 support structure支撐結(jié)構(gòu)part of an offshore wind turbine consisting of the tower, sub-structure and foundation, refer Figure 1海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的一部分，包括塔架、下部結(jié)構(gòu)和基礎(chǔ)，3.46 swell 涌浪sea state in which waves generated by winds remote fro

30、m the site have travelled to the site, rather thanbeing locally generated遠(yuǎn)方而非場址當(dāng)?shù)仫L(fēng)引起的波浪經(jīng)過場址的一種海況3.47 tidal current 潮流current resulting from tides 潮汐引起的水流3.48 tidal range 潮差the distance between the highest astronomical tide and the lowest astronomical tide最高天文潮和最低天文潮之間的距離3.49 tides 潮汐regular and pred

31、ictable movements of the sea generated by astronomical forces由于天體引力產(chǎn)生的有規(guī)律且可預(yù)測的海洋運動,3.50 tower塔架part of an offshore wind turbine support structure which connects the sub-structure to the rotor - nacelleassembly, refer Figure 1海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分，連接下部結(jié)構(gòu)和風(fēng)輪-機(jī)艙組件，參見圖13.51 tsunami海嘯long period sea waves caused by rapid vertical movements of the sea floor海床劇烈垂直運動引發(fā)的長期海洋波浪3.52 uni-directional (wind and/or waves)單向（風(fēng)和/或浪）acting in a single direction作用于單一方向3.53 water depth水深vertical distance between the sea floor and the still water level海底和靜水位面之間的垂直距離NOTE As there