動(dòng)詞不定式ppt課件.ppt

1、Grammar: infinitives,動(dòng)詞不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish。,I want to see you this evening.,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),賓補(bǔ),作主語(yǔ),To master a f

2、oreign language is really important nowadays.,To give up smoking is right.,1.當(dāng)今掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)真的很重要。,2. 放棄吸煙是對(duì)的。,It is important to master a foreign language.,It is right to give up smoking,for us,To do 作主語(yǔ)， 常用it 作形式主語(yǔ)，to do真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末。 It is adj. for sb to do sth (necessary/ important/ easy/ difficult/ possib

3、le) 如形容詞是用來(lái)形容人 ，則介詞用of It is adj. of sb to do sth (kind, good, nice, foolish, clever, silly wrong, stupid, considerate, rude, impolite),作賓語(yǔ),Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.,He promised not to tell anyone about it.,1. Fred 沒(méi)有錢(qián)，所以他決定找一份工作。,2. 他答應(yīng)不告述任何人這事。,一. 通常要用動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有

4、:wish ， hope ， prepare, manage ， ask ， offer ， promise ， expect, pretend ， decide, intend等。,二. 有時(shí)可以用 it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式放在后面。 It is + adj. (of / for sb) to do sth 例如： I find it hard to persuade her. 常用動(dòng)詞： make, find, feel, think, believe, consider He made it a rule to read English every day. I fi

5、nd it hard for me to master a foreign language.,三. 有些動(dòng)詞后面既可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ),又接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),但意義不同。如remember, forget, stop, try, regret, mean 等。 例如： I remember locking the door. （ lock 動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生） Please remember to lock the door when you leave. （ lock 動(dòng)作還沒(méi)有發(fā)生）,作表語(yǔ),My job is to teach English.,To see is to believe.,1. 我

6、的工作是教英語(yǔ)。,2. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。,作定語(yǔ),a. 動(dòng)詞不定式可以用在名詞后面作定語(yǔ)。 如：I have many letters to answer. b. 但如果動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要在其后面加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 如：She has only a cold room to live in. c. 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)還可表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 如： The meeting to be held tomorrow will be of great importance。,作狀語(yǔ),He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard. They jump

7、ed with joy to hear the news. Im too tired to walk any further tonight. They hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.,目的狀語(yǔ).,原因狀語(yǔ).,結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),有時(shí)為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，不定式可以提前到句首，但是 so as to 不能放在句首。,作賓補(bǔ),She asked me to stay there.,1. 她叫我呆在這兒。,2.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我介紹Mr. White給你們。,Please allow me to introduce Mr. White

8、to you.,可以用動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有： advise ， ask ， allow ， expect ， encourage ， force ， permit ， order ， persuade ， request ， tell ， want ， wish 等。,有些動(dòng)詞后面的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不帶to，如 （感官類(lèi)） feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe . （使役動(dòng)詞） make, have, let, 變成被動(dòng)句，需還原to: He was made to wear a mask.,I heard them sing

9、 a pop song . The teacher made me answer the question. We watched them play football .,注意,A. 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式只須在to 前加 not.,My father decided not to take up the job.,The teacher told us not to be late again.,注意,B . 帶疑問(wèn)詞的動(dòng)詞不定式在to 前加疑問(wèn)詞,可當(dāng)作名詞用，作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)。,Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.,Can you tell

10、 me where to get the book?,注意,C. 作簡(jiǎn)短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式常常省去to 后面的動(dòng)詞，只保留to 。,A:Would you like to come to my party?,Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).,B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).,Mary想用我的自行車(chē)，但我叫她別用。,1.在使役動(dòng)詞 have, let, make 之后。 2.在感官動(dòng)詞 feel, hear, see, watc

11、h, notice, observe, listen to, look at 之后。 3.在 why 和 why not 之后。 4. 在其他結(jié)構(gòu)之中。 a. can do nothing but / except do have nothing to do but/ except wait have no choice but to wait b. cannot help but do c. cannot but do d. had better do sth e. would rather do sth f. help sb (to) do sth 或 help (to) do,小結(jié)(省略

12、to的情況),To do,一般式 to do 被動(dòng) to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 進(jìn)行式 to be doing 否定式 not to do 邏輯主語(yǔ) for sb to do sth of,動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài),1. I opened the door to enter the room.,2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.,. 一般式( to do ).,不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。,.進(jìn)行式( t

13、o be doing),1. I am very glad to be working with you.,2. Be quiet! They seem to be having class.,如果謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。,動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài),動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài),.完成式（to have done),1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.,2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.,如果謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不定式之前。,動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)

14、,.主動(dòng)式( to do / to be doing /to have done),1. We want to learn English well.,2.Robert is said_abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in.(NMET99) to have studied B.to study C. made D. to make,當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí).,動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài),.被動(dòng)式( to be done / to have been done),1. He didnt like to be lau

15、ghed at.,2. He claimed _in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.（上海98） being badly treated B.treating badly C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated.,當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí).,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. A. not make B. no

16、t to make C. not making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,高考題匯集：,3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.,to invent B. inventing C. to have invented C. having invented,4. Al

17、len had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.,much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much,5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.,A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,6. Little Jim should love _ to

18、 the theatre this evening.,to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking,7.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.(1999上海高考),to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing,8. _late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.,A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sle

19、ep,9. With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.,settled B. settling C.to settle D. being settled,10. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_in making the earth a better place to live.,A.to have played B. to play C. to be play

20、ed D. to be playing,11. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive.,to make B. making C. to have made D.having made,12. The teacher asked us_so much noise.,A.dont make B. not make,C. not making D. not to make,1. T

21、he light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot . A. turning it off B. turn it off C. having turned it off D. to turn it off 2. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. Cleaned D. being c leaned 3. Not everybody has the ability in public. A. of speak B.

22、 speaking C. spoken D. to speak,練習(xí),4. Mary is always the first student to answer the teachers questions in class. A. rising B. to rise C. rose D. risen 5. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day? - _enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting 6.Would you be so kind us out? -With pleasure. A. helping B. in helpin