Leisure time.ppt

1、Leisure Time,Leisure Activities,Do what you like most!,Focus questions,Which sports activity is popular among Americans of all ages? What kind of people like to go fishing and jogging? Is it true that most Americans, once out of high school or college, rarely take part in sports activities? What is

2、the most popular trip activity for adults? Where is most leisure spent, when measured by time? Give a brief account of the Disney formula“.,Before reading questions,What are the factors that promote leisure and recreation? Can you name a few trends that will shape leisure in this century? What are t

3、he advantages and disadvantages of playing competitive sports? Why do you think Americans love American football so much? What is the impact of television on children?,The form and type of play and sports life which evolve in any group or nation mirror the development in other segments of the cultur

4、e. American Academy of Physical Education,The main contents,Trends in leisure time Sports and American Values Sports and campus recreation Indoor and “invisible” leisure activities Theme Parks Factors that promote leisure and recreation Leisure-service agencies Trends affecting leisure in the 21st c

5、entury,Trends in leisure time,Americans averaged about 40 hours and women averaged about 39 hours of time per week that could be spent on leisure activities in the mid-1990s. Exercise walking and swimming ranked among the most popular sports and outdoor activities. In addition, there are great numbe

6、rs of angling and jogging enthusiasts.,Trends in leisure time,Sports are everywhere and television has a constant stream of sports programming from all over the world 24 hours a day.,Trends in leisure time,In the 1970s and 1980s there was growing public interest in exercise and physical fitness prog

7、rams. In 1983, USA Today reported that more than 100 million Americans took part in swimming, 75 million bicycled, and 35 million jogged.,Trends in leisure time,A year later, a Gallup poll found that 59% of adults reported that they exercised every day. In the 1990s, reports revealed that the rate o

8、f adult participation in regular fitness activities declined.,Reasons,More time has spent socializing, visiting, and attending church. Time spent watching television has increased considerably. According to a study, Americans on average spend between 2 and 3 hours a day watching television, or appro

9、ximately 40% of their free time. Some experts believe that the two, declining civic association and watching television, are causally related.,Sports and American values,Most social scientists believe that the sports that are organized by a society generally reflect the basic values of that society

10、and attempt to strengthen them in the minds and emotions of its people. Therefore, organized sports have a more serious social purpose than spontaneous, unorganized play by individuals. This is certainly true In the United States, where the three most popular organized sports are football, basketbal

11、l, and baseball. Nowhere are the ways and words of democracy better illustrated than in sports.,Sports and American values,Organized sports are seen by Americans as an inspiring example of equality of opportunity in action. In sports, people of different races and economic backgrounds get an equal c

12、hance to excel. The idea of competition is at the very heart of organized sports in United States. Many Americans believe that learning how to win in sports helps develop the habits necessary to compete successfully in later life.,Sports and American values,The competitive ethic in organized sports

13、contains some elements of hard work often called “hustle,” “persistence,” or “never quitting“ and of physical courage being tough or having guts. Slogans are sometimes used to drive home the competitive virtues for the young participants: Hustle you cant survive without it. A quitter never wins;. a

14、winner never quits. Its easy to be ordinary, but it takes guts to excel.,Sports and Campus recreation,A few examples from the Statistical Abstract of the USA, 2000, will illustrate the picture. Swimming declines from 41 % for those 18 - 24 to 31 % for those 25 - 34, 16%. for ages 55 - 64, and 10% fo

15、r 65 and older. Jogging declines from 19% for ages 18 - 24 to 4.6% for 45 - 54. Softball declines from 15% at age 18 - 24 to 11 % at 25 - 34, 8% at 35 - 44, 6% at 45-54, and 2.4% at 55-64. Basketball goes from 13% at age 18 - 24 to 6% at 25 - 34, and 1 % at 55 - 64. There are two exceptions: golf an

16、d fitness walking. With the aging of the U. S. population, it is no surprise that golf and fitness walking are the two physical activities whose total participation is increasing.,Indoor and “invisible” activities,Electronic Entertainment In the 1990s, CD-ROMs the iridescent four-and-a-half inch dis

17、cs that took over the music business and then invaded the home computer market al so became very popular. They provide multimedia packages of words, images, and sound and permit users to tailor the communication experience to meet their individual interests. In terms of interactive music CD-ROMs, fo

18、r example, the listener may select various exotic instruments and blend them together, create videos by mixing clips from various sources, control the speed, style, and sequence of performance, transcribe melodies, and add harmonies.,Theme Parks,Theme parks had their origin in American amusement par

19、ks, which flourished in the late 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century. Before and after World War II, many amusement parks closed. In the mid-1950s, the theme park appeared on the American scene, a term used because most of the attractions follow a particular theme. (Disney World),

20、Theme Parks,Disneyland 1955, California The Bally Corporations Six Flags chain Busch Entertainments Dark Continent, Older Country, Silver Dollar City The Great Escape Marriotts Great American chain,Factors that promote leisure and recreation,Growing professionalization growing professionalization of

21、 large numbers of men and women working in different segments of the recreation industry. special courses and degree programs in recreation leadership and park management. various professional organizations founded in the early 20th century merged into the new and large National Recreation and Parks

22、 Association,Factors that promote leisure and recreation,Commodification of Leisure Television is commodity-oriented. Public licensing offers another illustration of how play has been commodified in America. The nature of leisure experiences is more and more defined by things, by buying, possessing, and displaying items from the market.,Leisure-service agencies,The Public Sector The Market / Private Sector The Voluntary Sector a) Boy and girl scouts of America b) Boys and girls clubs of America c) YMCAs (基督教青年會) and YWCAs (Young Womens Christian Association 基督教女青年會),Trends affecting leisure i