第四章第三節(jié)-纖維性骨營養(yǎng)不良..ppt

1、第三節(jié) 纖維素性骨營養(yǎng)不良 (Osteodystrophia Fibrosa),一、定義,纖維素性骨營養(yǎng)不良是家畜的骨組織呈現(xiàn)進(jìn)行性脫鈣及柔軟的細(xì)胞性纖維組織增生，骨組織體積增大而重量減輕的一種代謝性疾病。 主要見于馬屬動物，有時可見于山羊和豬。 冬春發(fā)病率最高，夏秋發(fā)病率明顯降低。,一、Definition,principally a disease of horses and a lesser extent of pigs osteodystrophia骨營養(yǎng)不良fibrosa is similar in its pathogenesis to osteomalacia骨軟化, but d

2、iffers in that soft, cellular, fibrous tissue occurs in horses, goats, and swine,二、病因 馬和豬, 是由于日糧中磷過剩而繼發(fā)鈣缺乏，因此高磷低鈣日糧是誘發(fā)本病的主要因素，理想的鈣、磷比例在馬是1.2:1.0，豬是0.6:1.2。 長期過勞或長期休閑都可助長該病的發(fā)生。 對鈣的吸收能力也對該病的發(fā)生起著一定作用，如植物中含有過多的草酸或草食獸的消化道中的纖維素都可導(dǎo)致鈣的損失，影響對鈣的吸收。,二、Etiology,in horses and pigs , a secondary calcium deficienc

3、y due to excessive phosphorus feeding (cereal hays 谷類干草、bran糠, 麩) for horse: the optimum ca: p(1:0.91.4) for pig:0.621.2% of the diet engaged in heavy city work and in racing the continuous ingestion攝取of oxalate草酸鹽in specific grasses,三、發(fā)病機制 當(dāng)飼料中鈣磷不平衡時，動物是食入過多的磷會刺激甲狀旁腺，引起甲狀旁腺機能亢進(jìn)，造成骨骼鈣化不足及纖維發(fā)育異常，骨組織出

4、現(xiàn)大量的多核破骨細(xì)胞和破骨細(xì)胞性巨細(xì)胞，以及薄片樣骨組織消失，因此頭骨廣泛地被破壞，骨樣組織的骨小梁零亂地排列，通過鈣化組織被吸收后所造成的間隙被結(jié)締組織所填充，這就是骨纖維化和增大的原因。,三、 Pathogenesis,follows the imbalance of calcium and phosphorus in the diet hyperparathyroidism甲狀旁腺功能亢進(jìn)stimulated by the excessive intake of phosphorus Defective mineralization of bones fibrous dysplasia發(fā)

5、育異常 occurs.,四、癥狀 臨床上主要有消化紊亂,異嗜癖,跛行，拱背，面骨和四肢增大及尿澄清、透明等特征。病馬到處啃食木槽、樹皮，喜食食鹽和精飼料，排出的糞球帶有液體，糞球落地后立即破碎，含有大量未經(jīng)消化的粗糙渣滓，后期便秘，糞球干而硬。開始時輕度跛行，逐漸加重，并轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樗闹嗸?，病畜走路時拱背，轉(zhuǎn)彎時直腰，同時腹部收縮，后肢伸向腹下。嚴(yán)重病畜面部變成圓桶狀外觀，手指不易插入下頜間隙，常出現(xiàn)吐草現(xiàn)象，尿色澄清、透明。,四、 Clinical Findings,in the early stages, gross distortion of limbs, a shifting lamene

6、ss變跛 enlargement of joints and the face arching of the back followed by soft, symmetrical enlargement of the facial bones面骨 Local swelling of the lower and alveolar齒槽的margins of the mandible下頜骨 fractures and detachment of ligaments韌帶,運動障礙和骨骼變形,異嗜,面骨變形,面骨變形,小牛佝僂病,Osteodystrophia fibrosa generalisata

7、(Recklinghausen),Fibrous White (Card) A white cardstock with fiber and straw inclusions. Its as natural as it gets!,Fibrous changes,Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue,Cartilaginous軟骨的 or fibrous coalition接合,五、 Clinical pathology,serum calcium level:lower the serum inorganic phosphorus:higher the alkali

8、ne phosphatase activity:higher Radiographic examination increased translucency半透明 of bones,六、Necropsy Findings,abnormal in the mandibular下頜的, maxillary上頜骨and nasal bones鼻骨 thickened and distorted proliferation增殖of fibrous tissue markedly increased osteoclast破骨細(xì)胞activity along thinned and abnormally

9、oriented導(dǎo)向的bony trabeculae小梁 The parathyroid glands are enlarged,七、診斷 纖維素性骨營養(yǎng)不良有地方性和一定的季節(jié)性，因此，只要注意飼養(yǎng)上和臨床上的特征，就容易作出診斷。,七、 Diagnostic confirmation,adenoma腺瘤of the parathyroid gland hypovitaminosis A ( in pigs) inherited multiple exostosis外生骨疣,八、防治 應(yīng)注意日糧中鈣、磷適當(dāng)平衡，二者比例應(yīng)接近1：1(1：1.4) 。 對病馬應(yīng)采取鈣劑治療，如減少日糧中的麩皮和米糠，再靜脈注射8%的水楊酸鈉溶液和8%的氯化鈣溶液（二者交替進(jìn)行，即第一天為水楊酸鈉，第二天為氯化鈣，1次/日，100ml），療程為710d。,八、Treatment,A ration adequately balanced with regard to calcium:phosphorus in the vicinity of 1:1 and not wider th