八級考試真題1.ppt

1、八級考試真題,1998年 這次到臺灣訪問交流，雖然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，訪了舊友，交了新知，大家走到一起，談論的一個重要話題就是中華民族在21世紀的強盛。雖然祖國大陸、臺灣的青年生活在不同的社會環(huán)境中，有著各自不同的生活經(jīng)歷，但大家的內(nèi)心都深深銘刻著中華文化優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)的印記，都擁有著振興中華民族的共同理想。在世紀之交的偉大時代，我們的祖國正在走向繁榮富強，海峽兩岸人民也將加強交流，共同推進祖國統(tǒng)一大業(yè)的早日完成。世紀之交的寶貴機遇和巨大挑戰(zhàn)將青年推到了歷史前臺?？缡兰o青年一代應該用什么樣的姿態(tài)迎接充滿希望的新世紀，這是我們必須回答的問題。,【概述】 這段文字是一篇赴臺訪問記的節(jié)選，文中夾

2、敘夾議，用詞講究，文筆優(yōu)美。翻譯時有三大難點，一是文中的幾個復雜的長句，如第二句長達75字，而且里面包含轉(zhuǎn)折、并列等多種關(guān)系。二是我們習以為常的很多說法如“銘刻著印記”，“推到歷史前臺”等要翻譯好也不容易。三是這段文字涉及祖國統(tǒng)一的主題，筆下飽含感情，充滿了對祖國統(tǒng)一的期望和對臺灣同胞的深厚情意，所以翻譯時措辭很關(guān)鍵。,【參考譯文】 When we stayed in Taiwan for an exchange program, despite the tight schedule, we visited many places, meeting old friends and make n

3、ew ones. At every get-together, one important topic was how to make China powerful and prosperous in the 21st century. Though young people on the mainland and in Taiwan live in different social environments and have varied life experiences, their hearts are all imprinted with the fine tradition of t

4、he Chinese culture and they cherish the same ideal of rejuvenating the Chinese nation.,The turn of the century has ushered in a great epoch during which our motherland is becoming stronger and more prosperous day by day. The people on both sides of the Taiwan Straits will strengthen exchanges and wo

5、rk together to bring about an earlier reunification of their motherland. The precious opportunities and tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the forefront of history. What attitude should be adopted by the cross-century younger generation to meet the new c

6、entury of hope? This is a question that demands our answer.,1999年 溫哥華（Vancouver）的輝煌是溫哥華人智慧和勤奮的結(jié)晶，其中包括多民族的貢獻。加拿大地廣人稀，國土面積比中國還大，人口卻不足3000萬。吸收外來移民，是加拿大長期奉行的國策?？梢哉f，加拿大除了印第安人外，無一不是外來移民，不同的只是時間長短而已。溫哥華則更是世界上屈指可數(shù)的多民族城市?，F(xiàn)今180萬溫哥華居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4個居民中就有一個是亞洲人。而25萬華人對溫哥華的經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型起著決定性的作用。他們其中有一半是近5年才來到溫哥華地區(qū)的，使溫哥

7、華成為亞洲以外最大的中國人聚居地。,【概述】 這段文字是對加拿大著名港口城市溫哥華的簡要介紹，語言清晰流暢，理解起來并不困難，除了“輝煌”、“結(jié)晶”等少數(shù)詞匯外，翻譯時在措辭上也不存在太多問題。但是原文少數(shù)句子與句子之間、句子內(nèi)部各成分之間的邏輯關(guān)系和語義關(guān)系不是很明確，譯成漢語時應根據(jù)譯入語的表達習慣靈活轉(zhuǎn)換。漢語語法呈隱含性(covertness)，英語語法呈外顯性(overtness)；漢語重意合，英語重形合，因此英語句子中外在的形式連接手段很多，連詞的使用也遠遠多于漢語，這一點對本文的翻譯尤為重要。,【參考譯文】 The prosperity of Vancouver, to whic

8、h many ethnic groups have contributed, is the crystallization of its peoples wisdom and industriousness. Canada, a sparsely populated big country, has a territory larger than that of China, but only a population of less than 30 million. Admitting immigrants has therefore become the long-term nationa

9、l policy pursued by Canada. It is safe to say that the Canadians, aside from the Indians, are all immigrants, who differ from each other only in how long they have lived in the country.,Vancouver is one of the few multinational cities in the world. Among the 1.8 million residents in Vancouver, half

10、were born outside the country, and of every four residents one comes from Asia. The 250 thousand Chinese immigrants have played a decisive role in the economic transformation of Vancouver. Half of them have come to the Vancouver area within the past five years, turning it into the largest Chinese se

11、ttlement outside of Asia.,【2000年8級測試漢譯英】 世界上第一代博物館屬于自然博物館，它是通過化石、標本等向人們介紹地球和各種生物的演化歷史。第二代屬于工業(yè)技術(shù)博物館，它所展示的是工業(yè)文明帶來的各種階段性成果。這兩代博物館雖然起到了傳播科學知識的作用，但是，它們把參觀者當成了被動的旁觀者。 世界上第三代博物館是充滿全新理念的博物館。在這里，觀眾可以自己去動手操作，自己細心觀察。這樣，他們可以更貼近先進的科學技術(shù)，去探索科學技術(shù)的奧妙。,【概述】 這是一段對中國科技館的介紹性文字，語言比較樸素，條理清楚，句子結(jié)構(gòu)都比較簡單，沒有太多費解的地方。盡管如此，翻譯起來還是

12、有一定難度。如何斷句，如何選詞是頗值得考慮的。,【參考譯文】 The first-generation museums in the world are those of natural history, which, by means of fossils and specimens，introduce the evolution of the Earth and various organisms. The second-generation museums are those of industrial technologies. They demonstrate the fruits

13、of industrialization at various stages. Although they have played a role in disseminating scientific knowledge, museums of the first generations are in fact places where visitors become passive spectators. The third-generation museums in the world are those designed with new concepts. In such museum

14、s, visitors can operate with their own hands and observe with their own eyes. In this way, they are brought closer to advanced science and technology, and offered more opportunities to explore the mysteries.,【2001年8級測試漢譯英】 喬羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外兩大愛好卻鮮為人知，那就是釣魚和喝酒。晚年的喬羽喜愛垂釣，他說，“有水有魚的地方大都是有好環(huán)境的，好環(huán)境便會給人好心情。我認為

15、最好的釣魚場所不是舒適的、給你準備好餓魚的垂釣園，而是那極其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的場所?！贬烎~是一項能夠陶冶性情的運動，有益于身心健康。喬羽說：“釣魚可分三個階段：第一階段是吃魚；第二階段是吃魚和情趣兼而有之；第三階段主要是釣趣，面對一池碧水，將憂心煩惱全都拋在一邊，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”,【概述】 本文原文相對簡單，不會造成理解問題。要注意的是在英文表達時，充分認識到英語詞匯的多義性，對詞義理解透徹，選用恰當?shù)脑~匯。另外要注意的一點是語體類別。本文屬書面語言，應當盡量選用相應的英文書面詞匯和表達方式。在這一點上，譯文要比譯文得體的多，試比較。,【參考譯文1】 In his late

16、r years (Late in his life), Qiao Yu has become enamored of fishing (developed a penchant / special fondness for fishing). He asserts: “ Mostly speaking, a place with water and fish must necessarily be blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood. I believe that the optimum

17、fishing places are not those commercial fishing centers which provide the fishermen with all the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry for ready capture, but those naturally-formed places in the wilderness which exert a special appeal.”,According to him, fishing can constitute an activity cond

18、ucive to the cultivation of ones temperament and to ones health, at once physical and psychological. Qiao Yu claims: “Fishing can be divided into three stages. The first stage consists of mere fish-eating; the second a combination of fish-eating and the pleasure (enjoyment) of fishing; the third pri

19、marily the pleasure of fishing when, confronted with a pond of clear water, one puts aside all his troubling vexations and annoyances and enjoys the total relaxation both mentally and physically.”,【參考譯文2】 Qiao Yu took to fishing in his old age. He said: “Where there is fish and water, there is good

20、environment, and good environment fills ones heart with joy. I think the best place for fishing is not a comfortable man-made fish-pond where hungry fish are ready for you, but an enchanting place in the wild where everything is natural.” Fishing is a game that can help improve ones temperament.,It

21、is good for mental and bodily health. Qiao Yu said: “Fishing falls into three stages. The first stage is just for eating fish. The second stage is for enjoying the pleasure of fishing as well as eating fish. The third stage is mainly for the pleasure of fishing-facing a pool of green water, one cast

22、s aside all anxieties and worries and enjoys a good rest, both mental and physical.,【2002年8級測試漢譯英】 大自然對人的恩賜，無論貧富，一律平等。所以人們對于大自然，全都一致并深深的依賴著。尤其在鄉(xiāng)間，上千年以來人們一直以不變的方式生活著。種植莊稼和葡萄，釀酒和飲酒，喂牛和擠奶，鋤草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈禱和做禮拜，在節(jié)日到廣場拉琴、跳舞、和唱歌；往日的田園依舊是今日的溫馨家園。這樣，每個地方都有自己的傳說，風俗也就衍傳了下來。,【概述】 本文的理解基本上不構(gòu)成問題。表達時，要注意恰當?shù)臄嗑?、恰當?shù)氖褂藐P(guān)

23、聯(lián)詞，以及恰當?shù)氖褂闷叫薪Y(jié)構(gòu)。比如第一句和第二句是因果關(guān)系，應該合二為一。第三句有7個分句，原樣照譯會造成相當大的困難，容易失誤，并且毫無必要，可以按照其內(nèi)在邏輯和表達需要分為三句來譯。同時，在眾多同義詞、近義詞中選擇恰當?shù)脑~匯仍然是一大考察重點，請注意琢磨下面評析要點。,【參考譯文】 The bounty of nature is equal to everyone, rich or poor, and therefore all men are strongly attached to her. This is particularly true in the rural areas, w

24、here people have kept the same lifestyle for a millennium or so. They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk, and weed the gardens to grow flowers. They go to church at weekends, and they meet in the square on holidays, singing and dancing. The age-old land remains the sam

25、e as their family hearth. Each place boasts its folklore and thereby social customs go on.,【2003年8級測試漢譯英】 得病以前，我受父母寵愛，在家中橫行霸道，一旦隔離，拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里，我頓感打入冷宮，十分郁郁不得志起來。一個春天的傍晚，園中百花怒放，父母在園中設宴，一時賓客云集，笑語四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗簾，窺見園中大千世界，一片繁華，自己的哥姐、堂表弟兄，也穿插其間，個個喜氣洋洋。一霎時，一陣被人摒棄，為世所遺的悲憤兜上心頭，禁不住痛哭起來。,【概述】 本文中有相當多的四字

26、詞組，比如“橫行霸道、打入冷宮、百花怒放、賓客云集、笑語四溢、大千世界”，其中一部分帶有鮮明的中國文化特色，對它們的翻譯構(gòu)成了第一個難點，請參看翻譯要點評析。另外，本文由四句構(gòu)成，可每一句都包含至少四個分層，如何正確的組句構(gòu)成了第二個難點，請注意對比原文與參考譯文，看連接方式。,【參考譯文】 Before I was taken ill, I had been a spoiled child of my parents, getting things my way in the family. Once isolated and confined to a small house on the

27、 slope of a garden, I suddenly found myself in disfavor and my wings clipped. One spring evening, with myriads of flowers in full bloom in the garden, my parents held a garden party in honor of many guests, whose arrival at once filled the place with laughing chats. In the small house on the slope,

28、I quietly lifted the curtain, only to be met by a great and prosperous world with my elder brothers and sisters and my cousins among the guests, all in jubilation. All at once, seized by a fit of forlorn rage, I could not help bursting into tears.,【2004年8級測試漢譯英】 在人際關(guān)系問題上我們不要太浪漫主義。人是很有趣的，往往在接觸一個人時首先看

29、到的都是他或她的優(yōu)點。這一點頗像是在餐館里用餐的經(jīng)驗。開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時候，印象很好。吃頭兩個主菜時，也是贊不絕口。愈吃愈趨于冷靜，吃完了這頓宴席，缺點就都找出來了。于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。這是因為，第一，開始吃的時候你正處于饑餓狀態(tài)，而餓了吃糠甜加蜜，飽了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一個餐館，開始舉筷時有新鮮感，新蓋的茅房三天香，這也可以叫做“陌生化效應”吧。,【參考譯文】 We should not be too romantic in interpersonal relations. Human beings are interesting in that they

30、tend to see merits in a new acquaintance. This is like dining in a restaurant. You will be not only favorably impressed with the first dish or cold dishes, but also profuse in praise of the first two courses. However, the more you have, the more sober you become until the dinner ends up with all the

31、 flaws exposed. Consequently, your joy would give way to anger; your praises to criticism or even fault-finding; and your nodding in agreement to shaking the head.,What accounts for all this is, in the first place, you are hungry when you start to eat. As the saying goes, “Hunger is the best sauce”,

32、 and vice versa. And secondly, unfamiliarity, rather than familiarity, breeds freshness in you when you start to eat in a restaurant new to you, which is the so-called effect of unfamiliarization.,2005、2006年八級考試,漢譯英,【2005年8級測試漢譯英】,一個人的生命究竟有多大意義，這有什么標準可以衡量嗎？提出一個絕對的標準當然很困難；但是，大體上看一個人對待生命的態(tài)度是否嚴肅認真，看他對待

33、勞動、工作的態(tài)度如何，也就不難對這個人的存在意義做出適當?shù)墓烙嬃恕?古來一切有成就的人，都很嚴肅地對待自己的生命，當他活著一天，總要盡量多工作、多學習，不肯虛度年華，不讓時間白白地浪費掉。我國歷代的勞動人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。,參考譯文,Accomplished men of all ages treat their lives very seriously. As long as they are living, they always labor, work, and study as hard as possible, unwilling to spend time in

34、 vain, let alone waste even a single moment of their lives.,【2006年8級測試漢譯英】,中國民族自古以來從不把人看作高于一切，在哲學文藝方面的表現(xiàn)都反映出人在自然界中與萬物占著一個比例較為恰當?shù)牡匚?，而非絕對統(tǒng)治萬物的主宰。因此我們的苦悶，基本上比西方人為少為小；因為苦悶的強弱原是隨欲望與野心的大小而轉(zhuǎn)移的。農(nóng)業(yè)社會的人比工業(yè)社會的人享受差得多；因此欲望也小得多。況中國古代素來以不滯于物，不為物役為最主要的人生哲學。并非我們沒有守財奴，但比起莫利哀與巴爾扎克筆下的守財奴與野心家來，就小巫見大巫了。中國民族多數(shù)是性情中正和平、淡泊、樸

35、實、比西方人容易滿足。,參考譯文1:,Since ancient times the Chinese nationalities have never considered human beings to be superior to every other species. As is reflected in Chinese philosophy, literature and art, in the natural world human beings occupy a positioning proportion to all other creatures and the forme

36、r do not absolutely dominate the latter. Therefore, generally speaking, we Chinese feel depressed less often and less severely than people in the west, for the intensity of ones depression literally changes along with the magnitude of ones desire and ambition. As people in an agricultural society en

37、joy much fewer comforts than those in an industrial society, they have fewer desires or wishes. Besides, ancient Chinese always took it as their most fundamental philosophy of life that one should not merely be confined to material pursuits, or be kept in bondage by material things. It is quite true that there are misers in China. But Chinese misers prove less miser