高考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)課件-主謂一致

1、2010高考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)系列課件,15主謂一致,主謂一致 謂語動詞的數(shù)必須和主語的人稱和數(shù)一致,這就叫主謂一致.,I am a teacher She often does her homework in the morning. There is only one box on the table. There are 50 students in our class.,但是如果主語不是單一的，或主語名詞的數(shù)比較特殊時，其主謂一致一般要根據(jù)語法一致（從前原則）意義一致就近原則,一、語法一致原則 一般來說，語法形式是單數(shù)的主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，語法形式是復(fù)數(shù)的主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

2、 E g: （1）The number of errors was surprising.錯誤之多是驚人的 （2） We love our motherland .,二、 意義一致原則 主、謂語的一致不是根據(jù)其外部語法形態(tài)來決定，而是取決于主語所表達(dá)的內(nèi)在含義。主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但在意義上卻為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)采取復(fù)數(shù)形式，主語形式雖為復(fù)數(shù)，但在意義上視為單數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)采取單數(shù)形式。 E g（1）The crowd were fighting for their lives. 這些人正為生存而戰(zhàn)斗。 （2）Three years in a strange land seems like a l

3、ong time . 在異鄉(xiāng)生活的三年，仿佛是很長的時間。,三、就近原則 謂語動詞根據(jù)它前面最鄰近的名詞或代詞或其他詞的數(shù)的形式，來決定其自身的數(shù)的形式。 E g(1) Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there . (2) Either my wife or I am going to work there .,就近原則的使用情況： 當(dāng)作主語的兩個名詞或代詞由or ,eitheror ,neithernor, whetheror.not only but also，notbut連接時;在there be./here

4、be句型中 (1)There _a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk. (2)Here _some envelopes and paper for you. (3)Not only his family but also he _ (喜歡）Chaplins movies. (4)You or I _ going to receive them this afternoon.,is,are,likes,am,5.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination

5、 after another. A.is B.are C.am D.be 6. There _ in this room. a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnitures c. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture,7.Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home. a. is b. are c. has d. was 8. Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting. attends attend

6、c. are attending d. have attended,9._ was wrong. a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacher c. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher 10.He didnt say whether some English novels or an English dictionary _ wanted. A. are B. is C. was D.

7、were,有together with, with, as well as , but , except ,besides,rather than, including ,along, along with, like.連接并列主語時,采取從前原則.,1)They, together with Tom , _ going to swim this afternoon .(be) 2) No one but your parents _ there then .(be) 3) He, like you and your brother, _ very clever. (be) 4) The te

8、acher, including his students, _going to see Professor Tell. (be) 5) Mary, together with his sisters _ gone back.(have),are,was,is,has,has,1.An expert, together with some assistants, _ to help in this work. A. was sent B. were sent C. is sending D. are sending 2._ either he or I fit for the job? Nei

9、ther he nor you _. A. Am; are B. Is; are C. Are; are D. Is; is,3.Nothing but cars _ in the shop. A. is sold B. are sold C. were soldD. are going to sell 4.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A.is offered B.have offered C.are offered D.has offered,5.Not only the whole nation

10、, but the whole Europe , indeed the whole human society _ to alter its attitude to racial problems. a.need b.needs c. has a need d. have a need 6.To tell you the truth, I, as well as the other students, _ hungry. A. sure am B. am sure C. sure are D. are sure,由and 或both-and 連接主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,1.A poet and

11、 a novelist have visited our school. 2.Wu Dong and Wu Xi _ twin brother. (be),are,1.The singer and the dancer _ come to the meeting. A. has B. have C. areD. is 2. The secretary of the Party branch and the director of that factory often _with the workers. A. works B. work C. is workingD. are working,

12、如果and 連接的兩個詞是指同一個人，同一事物或同一概念，則兩個名詞共用一個冠詞，謂語用單數(shù)。,Eg: 1）The teacher and writer is her friend . 2) Butter and bread is her favorite food. 3) A journalist and author _(live)in the house 4) The doctor and professor _ (be) coming at once.,lives,is,1.The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speec

13、h at the meeting.A. beB. was C. are D. were 2. Wisky and soda _ his favorite drink. is b. are c. were d. have been,3.Light and heat _often sent out together with heavy smoke. is B. was C. are D. being 4. _ was wrong. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacher c. Neither th

14、e teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher,everyand (every); each and (each) ; no and (no) ; many a and (many a)連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞 用單數(shù)。,1.Every desk and every chair _ made of wood. (be) 2.Many a boy and girl _made the same mistake. (have) 3.No boy and no girl _ (be) in the classro

15、om. 4.Many a student _ (like) pop songs.,is,has,is,likes,1.Each man and woman _ the same rights. has b. have c. had d. is having 2. Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language. a. have realized b. has realized c. have been realized d. has been realized,3.No chair and no desk _ per

16、mitted to be taken away from the reading room. are B. were C. isD. be 4.Many a father _learnt to his sorrow what it is to have a son who tells lies. A. have B. is C. are D. has,5.Every man, woman and child _ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world. knows b. know c. is known d. are kno

17、wn,some (of), plenty of, a lot of ,most (of), the rest of ,all (of), half (of), part (of), the majority of,分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of +名詞等短語作主語時，謂語動詞與of 后的名詞或則和其替代的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。,1)A lot of students _ waiting outside .(be) 2)More than 70 percent of the surface _(be) covered by water . 3)The rest of the money _ (belong) t

18、o you .,are/were,is,belongs,1._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth , is B.Two fifth ,areC.Two fifths , is D.Two fifths , are 2. I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _more difficult. A.isB.are C.was D.were,3.Most of his savings _ in the Xin Hua Bank

19、. has been kept b. is being kept c. have kept d. have been kept 4. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair. is b. are c. were d. be,5.The majority of doctors _ smoking is harmful to health. are believed b. had believed c. has believed d. believe 6. Three-fourths of the buildings _. was destroyed

20、 b. is destroyed c. were destroyed d. has been destroyed,none 有時作單數(shù)看待，有時作復(fù)數(shù)看待，主要根據(jù)說話人的意思決定。,eg.None of the books are easy enough for us. None of us has a camera. None of the money is paid to me.,one/every one / each/ either/ neither/the other/another anybody/ anyone/ anything/ somebody/ someone/some

21、thing/ everybody/everyone/everything/nobody/ no one/ nothing/ the number+of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語或是獨(dú)立充當(dāng)主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。,Each of the students has a book. Neither of them has told me. Either of the answers is right.,1.They each _ a new dictionary. A.has B.have C.isD.are 2.Each of you _ responsible for the accident. a.

22、 am b. be c. is d. are,3.Each of the students in our class _great interest in English and they each _ a copy of New English-Chinese Dictionary. A.shows；haveB.have；has C.is；have D.takes；has 4.The two sisters are forced to play the piano. In fact，neither of them _ to play it. A.likeB.liked C.likesD.li

23、king,5.Nobody but his family _the secret. know B. are known C. have known D. knew,one and a half做主語時，謂語動詞用做單數(shù)。,One and a half years has passed. One and a half apples has rotted away.,more 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 than one 和 more than one 單數(shù)名詞的意義相同，均表示“不只一個”，但前者用作復(fù)數(shù)，后者用作單數(shù)。more than + 兩個以上的數(shù)字+名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,More stud

24、ents than one were punished. More than one student was punished. More than two hundred persons are present. More than one was killed in the battle.,1. More than one worker _ dismissed. have been b. are c. has been d. has 2.More than one graduate _ sent to the hardest place since 1979. is B. are C. h

25、as been D. have been,表示時間，數(shù)目，距離，價格，度量衡等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語，并作為整體看待時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。,1)Four hours is enough to do the experiment . 2)Ten dollars is too much to pay for that shirt . 3)Thirty feet is long enough .,1. “_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?” “I suppose so.” Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were 2. Three hours _ enoug

26、h for us to finish the task. are b. has c. is d. were,算術(shù)中的動詞單復(fù)數(shù)都可以, 多用單數(shù)。,Two and two makes/make four. Three times three is nine.,集合名詞class , family, army, enemy, team , group , government, staff , audience , crowd, public ,committee 等作主語時，若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語用單數(shù)，若表示組成該集體的成員，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。,Eg:1) be My family _very larg

27、e . His family _waiting for him . 2) be/have The class _ made up of 54 students . All the class _gone to the playground .,is,are/were,is,have,1. The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours. has argued b. has been arguing c. have argued d. have been arguing 2.The public _ generous

28、 in their contributions to the earthquake victims. is b. was c. are d. has been,3. His family _ always quarrelling among _. A.is；itselfB.are；themselves C.is；themselvesD.are；itself,有些名詞本身表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，其謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如people, police ,cattle, goods, youth, clothes 等。,Eg : 1)The police _ after a thief. 2)Cattle _

29、on grass . (feed) 3)All the goods _ arrived. (have),are,feed,have,1.Cattle _ on the hillside. grazes b. is grazing c. was grazing d. were grazing 2. The youth of China today _ trying their best to study modern science and technology. A.isB.wasC.wereD.are,“定冠詞+adj/分詞”表示一類具體的人或物時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，若表示某一抽象概念，則用單數(shù)

30、。,1)The old _taken good care of here .(be) 2)The old _(give) place to the new . 3) The true _(be)to be distinguished from the false. 4) The rich _(be)for the plan, but the poor against it.,are,gives,is,are,1.The wounded _ by the hospital. A.have been taken in B.has been taken in C.have taken in D.ha

31、s taken in 2.In that country, the rich _ richer, the poor, poorer. a. become b. has become c. becomes d. is becoming,what, who, which, any(of) , more, most, all(of) ,half(of), part (of) 等代詞作主語，謂語可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，主要看它們指代的是什么來決定。,1 ) Which is your room? 2) Which are your rooms? 3) All that can be done has

32、 been done. 4) All of the workers are skilled. 5) A man who thinks only himself can never be happy. 6) He is not one of those who bow before difficulties.,一個不定式，動名詞，從句作主語時，謂語要用單數(shù)形式。兩個或兩個以上的不定式，動名詞或是從句做主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。但是如同這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)指一個概念，仍然用單數(shù)。,Reading is a good way. To say it is one thing , to do it is another

33、. What he says and what he does do not agree. Early to go to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.,1. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 2. What caused the accident _ on the road. were stone b.

34、 were stones c. was stone d. was stones,3.Getting to other planets or to the moon _ many problems. involve b. involves c. involving d. to involve,clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等無生命的集合名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。,Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.,在定語從句中，謂語動詞總是與先

35、行詞保持一致。,1、He is one of the students who are modest. 2、He is the only one of the students who is modest. 3、All those who want to go on a journey ,please sign your names here.,在倒裝句中，謂語動詞往往與其后的第一個主語取得一致。也就是說，倒裝句要采用就近原則。,Where is your mother and your sisters? In the room was found a hat, a few suits of

36、clothes and some shoes and socks.,1.Between the two rows of trees _ a teaching building and two dormitores. A.stand B.stands C.standing D.are 2. On the wall _two large portraits of his parents. A. hangs B.hanged C. hanging D.hang,3.Growing around the lake _ wild flowers of different colors. isB. are

37、 C. hasD. have,一個肯定的主語和一個否定的主語，同時并用，謂語的數(shù)往往依肯定的主語而定。,You, not I, are to be praised. I ,not you, am be blame.,以s 結(jié)尾的詞，但表示學(xué)科、國家、機(jī)構(gòu)、書籍、報(bào)刊等名稱作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。,Maths is a useful subject. . His “Selected Poems” _first published in 1970. A. was B. were C. had beenD. have been,1.The Philippines _ to the south-east

38、of China. a. lies b. lie c. lay d. lays 2. Mathematics _ the language of science. is b. has been c. are d. have been,由山脈、群島、瀑布、運(yùn)動會等s 結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。,The Olympic Games are held once every four years.,表示成雙成套的名詞，如：trousers, shorts, shoes ,socks, scissors, glasses, compasses,等做主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,Toms trouser

39、s are too long. Your glasses are on your nose. There is a pair of shoes under the bed. The pairs of shoes have worn out.,Where_my scissors? _ right on the desk. A.are; Its B.is; Its C.are; They are D.is; They are,1._ this pair of trousers fit him well? AreB. Is C. DoD. Does 2. Strangely enough，a pai

40、r of new trousers _among the rubbish. A.were found B. was found C.found D. had found,Lets practise !,(1)A cart and a horse in the distance (2)A cart and horse in the distance Awas seen Bwere seen CSee Dsees,B,A,2.The factory, including its machines and buildings, burnt last nightAis Bare Cwere Dwas

41、3.(1) The students in our school each an English dictionary (2) Each of the students in our school an English dictionary Aare having Bhad Chas Dhave,D,C,4.(1)Many students that mistake before (2)Many a student that mistake before Ahad made Bhas been made Chave made Dhas made,C,D,5. I, who your good

42、friend, will share your joys and sorrows Awas Bare Cis Dam 6All but him and me to the cinema Aare going Bis going Cwas going Dhas going,7Some person calling for you at the gate Awill be Bis being Cis Dare 8The population of China larger than that of the USA Awill be Bare Cis Dwas9Deer faster than dogs Awill run Bare running Cruns Drun,10Every means tried, but there is no resultAhave been Bhas been Cwill be Dwere 11This pair of trousers my sisterMy trousers Ais belong to; is being washed Bbelongs to; are being washedCbelong to; are bei