現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 詳解.ppt

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),Speaker :wps powerpoint,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成,have (has）+ 過(guò)去分詞,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原型-過(guò)去式-過(guò)去分詞形式：,1） AAA型(三種都一樣) 如：cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 2）ABB型(過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞相同) 如: bring-brought-brought catch caught caught lead led led,3） ABC型(三種都不一樣) 如：begin-began-begun grow grew grown ring rang

2、 rung break broke broken 4）ABA型(原形與過(guò)去分詞相同) 如: come-came-come become became become run ran run,寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式. wake _ 2. teach _ 3. sell _4. see _ 5. ride _ 6. pay _ 7. choose _ 8. throw _ 9. think _10. eat _ 11. drive _ 12. catch _ 13. bring _ 14. break _ 15. give _16. get _ 17. know _ 18. open _ 19.

3、 write _ 20. forget _,Woken taught Sold seen Ridden paid Chosen thrown Thought eaten Driven caught Brought broken Given gotten Known opened Written forgotten,present(now),future,past,do my homework,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系.常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.

4、,- Its so dark. -Someone has turned off the light. (有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑),- Are you free? -I have finished my homework. I am free (我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空),1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中標(biāo)志詞的用法區(qū)別,1.Already 肯定句: 句中(助后實(shí)前)/句末 “己經(jīng)”,一般疑問(wèn)句: 句末(表示驚訝的語(yǔ)氣) “難道”,Eg. Ive already had breakfast. (更常見(jiàn)) = Ive had breakfast already.(表示

5、強(qiáng)調(diào)) Have you had breakfast already?,2. yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,否定句:句末 “還(沒(méi))”,疑問(wèn)句: 句末 “己經(jīng)”,Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?,注: 帶already的肯定句變成否定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí),將already要變成yet放在句末.,Eg. I have already done my homework. 否定句: 一般疑問(wèn)句:,I havent done my homework yet.,Have you done your homework yet?,3

6、. ever在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,肯定句/疑問(wèn)句 : 句中 “曾經(jīng)”,Eg. Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing?,4. never在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,否定句: 句中 “從來(lái)沒(méi)有” Eg. Ive never been to Beijing.,注: 帶ever的肯定句變否定句時(shí), 要將ever變成never; 帶ever的一般疑問(wèn)句作否定回答時(shí)可用“No, never.”,5. just在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,用于句中, 表示“剛剛” Eg. Ive just had breakfast. What have they

7、 just done？,Eg. He has ever made dumplings. 否定句:,He has never made dumplings.,Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.,6. before在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,用于句末, 表示“以前” Eg. Ive seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?,2.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).有可能繼續(xù)下去常與since + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for + 一段時(shí)間，so far 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,I

8、have learnt English for more than ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語(yǔ)。 (從10年前開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí) (半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游),1.for +,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.,一段時(shí)間,2. since +,(表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn),詞組,從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí)),Eg. I have been here since 2000. I

9、have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,注1): 對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn) 必須用how long, 決不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,注2): 短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 當(dāng)然也不能用于ho

10、w long引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句中. Eg.(誤)I have left there for 5 years.,(正)I have been away there for 5 years.,have been 與have gone 的用法比較,have been to 意思是“到過(guò)，去過(guò)”，表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了” Has she ever been to Nanjing？她曾去過(guò)南京嗎？ You have never been there,

11、 have you?你以前從未去過(guò)那兒,是嗎？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year.我去過(guò)桂林,我去年去的. She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了,四)It is +一段時(shí)間+since+句子(一般過(guò)去時(shí)) =一段時(shí)間+has passed+since + 句子(一般過(guò)去時(shí)),Eg. It is five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army.,與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較,一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去

12、時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò)去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系。,eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過(guò)一本英漢字典。, 第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過(guò)去他買了一本

13、英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。,第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買過(guò)一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)明。,二當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過(guò)去時(shí):,eg: I saw the film on television yesterday .,但since(自以來(lái))+某一過(guò)去時(shí)間或敘述過(guò)去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。,eg： They have known each other since 1950 .,Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.,三常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的典型的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)

14、:,yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天), just now(剛才)， 時(shí)間+ ago, last +時(shí)間 等;,eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.,We finished our task last week .,非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在時(shí)間上沒(méi)有延續(xù)性，常見(jiàn)的有come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, buy, find, stop, become, open, borrow, lend, appear, close

15、, fall, finish, sell, lose, kill等，這些動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 但是，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù)，可與for/since等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。,有些同學(xué)錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為這類非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能用于完成時(shí)態(tài)中。其實(shí)，錯(cuò)誤的本質(zhì)在于非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的錯(cuò)誤搭配，與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)無(wú)關(guān)。,延續(xù)性語(yǔ)境中的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的使用 在具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中，往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段相連用的情況。由于受漢語(yǔ)影響，往往錯(cuò)誤地直譯為：He has fallen asleep for an hour. 他睡了一小時(shí)了。（）His father has died for th

16、ree years. 他父親去世三年了。（）當(dāng)出現(xiàn)這種情況時(shí)，我們往往采取以下解決方法：,（1）將非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。所謂狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞就是指這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生后接下來(lái)所呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。 如：He has been asleep for an hour. （fall asleep,“入睡”為短暫動(dòng)作，但be asleep“睡著”則為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，可延續(xù)。） His father has been dead for three years.（die為短暫動(dòng)詞，“死”后的狀態(tài)可用“be dead”這種系表結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)描述，可延續(xù)。）,常見(jiàn)的這種動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)化有以下幾類： go therebe there, com

17、e backbe back, borrowkeep, buy/catchhave, arrivebe in, beginbe on, openbe open, closebe closed, diebe dead, leavebe away from, get upbe up, fall asleepbe asleep, becomebe, joinbe in/a member of, receivehave, catch/get a coldhave a cold, get marriedbe married，come be in，finish be over， leave be away,

18、巧解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)題,技巧1:尋找現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的“段時(shí)間”。 (1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),多和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用:for+一段時(shí)間;since+點(diǎn)時(shí)間(since作連詞后接從句時(shí),該從句要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)) 。 (2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)也用在含有during / in/ over the last years或in recent years等的句子中。,1. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ tens of thousands of visitors since 1995. attracted B. attracts C. has attra

19、cted D. will attract 2. How long _ you _ here? For about two years so far. have, studied B. did, live C. do, stay D. were, swimming 3. How is your father? I _him for a long time. He is fine, but busy. A.dont see B. hadnt seen C. didnt see D. havent seen 4. Meimei has received several letters from he

20、r hometown since she _ to the city. A. cameB. comes C. has comeD. will come,技巧2:尋找現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的副詞標(biāo)志或句型。 (1) 在做時(shí)態(tài)題時(shí),注意觀察句中是否有常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的副詞:yet, already, never, lately, recently, ever, just, before, (ever) since等。 (2) 句型:It has been + 段時(shí)間+since + 過(guò)去時(shí).,1.What are you going to do this weekend? I _ yet. havent de

21、cided B. wont decide C. have decided D. didnt decide 2. My mother _ the windows already, so the room looks much brighter. has cleaned B. had cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean 3. It _ ten years since we last _ in Beijing. was, met B. has been, met C. was, meet D. is, meet 4. How long has the weath

22、er been like this? _. Until last night B. Ever since last night C. Two days ago D. Two days later,技巧3:把握have been to與have gone to的區(qū)別。 have been to 曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某處(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那個(gè)地方,強(qiáng)調(diào)以前的經(jīng)歷) have gone to去了某處(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)已經(jīng)離開(kāi)說(shuō)話者所在的地方,現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有回來(lái)),1. Is that Jack speaking? Sorry, he isnt in right now. He _ the cinema with his aunt. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to 2. Hello, may I speak to your father, please? Sorry, my father _ to Shanghai. He went ther