人教版高中英語必修一第四單元

1、Unit 4 EARTHQUAKES,disasters,fire,earthquakes,floods,typhoon,hurricane,tornado,What strange things had happened before the earthquake?,rose and fell,had deep cracks,too nervous to eat,ran , looking for,jumped,could be seen and heard,cracked and burst,could be heard,felt,cut across,burst,became,lay i

2、n ruin,died and injured,were killed,were left,It was the greatest earthquake of the 20th century.,back,were gone,covered,fell,were filled,hard to get,useless steel,never gave milk,died,Everything in the city was destroyed.,back,were sent,organized to dig out and bury,built,was taken,All hope was not

3、 lost. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.,Further information about Tangshan earthquake,When Where Degree The damage,Struck at 3:42a.m. on July 28, 1976,Hebei China, 11km below the city,7.8 magnitude,242,419 people killed(12.8% of Tangshans population) Economic damage: about 3 billion yuan Cau

4、se 2,200 people to become paraplegics,Key Words,1. imagine vt. form a picture of in the mind；think of (sth.) as probable：想象；認(rèn)為（某事）可能發(fā)生或存在。 Eg: We can imagine her sadness.我們可以想象她的悲傷。 I didnt imagine (my) becoming a teacher in my childhood.在童年時(shí)代，我并未想象能成為一名教師。,imagine, guess, suppose imagine意為“想象，幻想”，指

5、在腦海中形成一個(gè)清晰明確的印象，或認(rèn)為某事物可能發(fā)生或存在; guess： “猜測(cè)，臆測(cè)”，指未知道前的猜測(cè); suppose: 認(rèn)定，假定。,2. shake, tremble shake: 可指人或物 “搖動(dòng)，發(fā)抖”。指人時(shí)常用于感情激動(dòng)、寒冷、懼怕引起的身體顫動(dòng)。在表示 “因而顫抖”時(shí)，多用with。在表示 “使受震撼，使（信念等）動(dòng)搖”，常用于be shaken by/with/at中。,tremble: shake involuntarily ( with fear, anger, cold, physical weakness, etc.) 顫栗,震顫,發(fā)抖(因恐懼,憤怒,寒冷,體

6、弱等)，常常與shake相互替換，但指握手，搖頭或捧腹大笑時(shí)用shake, tremble只用作不及物動(dòng)詞。 如：The poor boy was shaking with cold.這個(gè)孩子正凍的發(fā)抖。 The host shook hands with all the guests.主人跟所有的客人握手。 Her voice was trembling with anger.她氣的聲音發(fā)抖。,3. rise, raise rise vi:指自然“上升”，常用于日、月、云、霞、煙、水蒸氣、物價(jià)、溫度、河水、潮水及人的職位等： Eg: He rose from his chair and be

7、gan his speech.他從椅子上站起來開始了他的演說。 Her temperature is still rising.他的體溫還在上升。 He has risen in rank.他已經(jīng)升職了。,raise vt. (1) lift up:外部的力量，“舉起、提高”： The peoples living standard has greatly been raised.人民的生活水平已大大的提高了。 (2) grow or produce (crops); breed (sheep, etc.); bring up a family: 飼養(yǎng)、種植”、養(yǎng)育、撫育： They can

8、raise rice here.他們這兒能種水稻。,4. burst into / burst out : send out suddenly; break out into; suddenly begin to 突然如何 burst into + n : She burst into tears. = She burst out crying.她突然哭起來了。 burst out + doing.：All of them burst into laughter = All of them burst out laughing.他們?nèi)即笮ζ饋砹恕?5. destroy, ruin, dama

9、ge destroy: break to pieces; make useless; put an end to: 毀滅；摧毀；毀壞；破壞。 表示在肉體上、精神上或道義上徹底摧毀，使之無法復(fù)原，也可以表示對(duì)某物體進(jìn)行完全的毀壞: All his hopes were destroyed.他所有的希望都?xì)缌恕?An atom bomb would destroy a city. 一顆原子彈可以摧毀一座城市。,ruin: 敗壞，毀壞，崩潰的狀態(tài)。 指對(duì)物體或生命徹底的破壞，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次的打擊結(jié)果，常指對(duì)美好的或希望中的事物的破壞: Smoking ruined his hea

10、lth.吸煙毀了他的健康。She ruined his prospects.她毀了他的前途。 damage: 損害；損毀（使失去價(jià)值）。一般指對(duì)物體或生命的局部損壞： Their houses were damaged by the enemys shellfire.他們的房屋被敵人的炮火擊毀了。,6. hurt, wound, injure hurt: 既可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上的傷害，還可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“疼痛、惹起痛苦”: What he said hurt me deeply.他說的話使我非常傷心。 wound: 指外傷，尤指在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，戰(zhàn)斗中受傷: He got wounde

11、d in the fighting.他在戰(zhàn)斗中受了傷。 injure: 一般指由于意外或事故而受傷。如：He was badly injured in the accident.他在這次事故中受了重傷。Smoking will injure your health.吸煙會(huì)毀了你的健康。,7. shock, astonish, surprise shock vt./n: 震驚，打擊，吃驚程度最大，后面常跟介詞at/by構(gòu)成詞組be shocked at/by，表示“對(duì)吃驚”，或接to do表示原因，也可作名詞，意為“震動(dòng)，打擊”: He was shocked by what you said.

12、他對(duì)你說的話感到震驚。 He was shocked to know his son playing all day.他知道他的兒子整天玩大為震驚。 The news gave me a great shock.這個(gè)消息給了我很大的打擊。,astonish vt./n: surprise greatly. 語氣比surprise要強(qiáng)，含有令人難以置信: I was astonished to see him in Tibet.在西藏見到他，真感到驚異。The news astonished everyone.這個(gè)消息使每個(gè)人都很震驚。 surprise vt./n: 意為“使驚訝，使吃驚”，含

13、有“意想不到”之意。如： I was surprised to see the great changes in my hometown.看到家鄉(xiāng)的巨大變化他驚訝不已。,8.congratulation n :慶賀，祝賀，congratulations on sth. /doing . ;I offered my congratulations on his success. 我對(duì)他的成功表示了祝賀。 congratulate v. 意為“向某人表示祝賀，向某人道賀”，構(gòu)成短語congratulate sb. on sth. /dong. We congratulated him on hav

14、ing passed the examination.我們祝賀他通過了考試。 He congratulates himself on having chosen a good woman to be his wife.他暗自慶幸自己挑選了一位賢惠的女子作妻子。,9. especially, specially especially: 特殊地，尤其，常用于正式文體中: This is a very common word, especially in spoken English.這是一個(gè)很普通的詞，尤其在英語口語中。 specially: for a particular purpose: 特

15、別地，專門地，表示“為了特別的目的”：This cake was specially made for you. 這個(gè)蛋糕是專門為你做的。,10. be known as, be known for, be known to sb. be known as作為而聞名； be known for以/因而聞名； be known to sb.為而熟悉。,He was known as a excellent singer.他作為一名優(yōu)秀的歌手而聞名。 The city is known for its long history.這座城市以它的悠久的歷史聞名。 He is known to the

16、police as a thief. 警察都知道他是個(gè)小偷。,Phrases and Idioms,1. It seemed that the world was at an end.似乎世界末日來臨。 seem連系動(dòng)詞，似乎，好象 1）seem + (to be ) + adj./n. 2）seem + to do 3）seem + like + n. 4）It seems/seemed (to sb.) + that 如：He seems to know everything = It seems that he knows everything. It seems that I have

17、 seen her before. = I seem to have seen her before.,2. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.人們無論朝哪里看，幾乎一切都被毀了。 everywhere 用作連詞，等于wherever, no matter where，引起讓步狀語從句。 如：Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.無論我去哪兒，我都看到一樣的東西。 You see it everywhere you look.無論你往哪兒看，你都會(huì)看到它。,3. 90% of i

18、ts homes were gone.90%的家都不存在了。 gone是過去分詞作表語，意為“不在”“走了”“丟了”“用完了”，或指人“死了”。 如：His job was gone.他的工作丟了。 My watch was gone.我的表不見了。 Hell be gone for quite a little while.他要離開很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。,分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)代表的量是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞而定。 50% of the students in our class are girls.我們班50%的學(xué)生是女生。 Two-thirds of the earth

19、surface is covered with water. 地球表面的三分之二是水。,Structures and Patterns,1. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.救援人員組成小分隊(duì)，將被困的人挖出來，將死者掩埋。 those who相當(dāng)于意為“凡的人”，表示的是兩者以上的不定數(shù)量，who引導(dǎo)的定語從句用復(fù)數(shù)，不能用that代替。（注意：anybody who, he who中謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。）,the dead意為“死難者”。形容詞或分詞前加表示同一類人或

20、物，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：Those who want to see the film write your names on the paper.想看電影的人把你們的名字寫在這張紙上。 Anybody who breaks the law will be punished.任何人犯法都要受到懲罰。 He who laughs last laughs best.誰笑在最后，誰笑的最好。 The rich are not always happy.有錢人并不總是幸福的。,2. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines. 在城市的北部，一萬礦工中的大多數(shù)從礦井中被救出