Lecture 6 Cohesion in CE Translation

1、.,Lecture 6 Coherence in CE Translation (P.56-68 of textbook),Referential cohesion Structural cohesion Contrasts of the use of “this” and “that” between Chinese and English Lexical cohesion,.,Referential cohesion,Referential cohesion Absence of relative pronoun in Chinese; presence of it in English.

2、 In many cases, the personal pronouns in Chinese correspond with the relative pronouns in English. 這本書(shū)是KEVIN 留下的，他剛才到這兒來(lái)過(guò)。 This book was left by KEVIN, who was here a moment ago.,.,Referential cohesion,P. 57. Notice the use of “which” The only thing that had interested us in the ugly stone was a lit

3、tle pit on top of it, which was filled with water on rainy days.,.,Referential cohesion,Rich use of personal pronouns in English VS. repetition of the noun (the addressed) in Chinese. 黛玉磕著瓜子，只管抿著嘴笑?？汕慎煊竦难诀哐┭銇?lái)給黛玉送小手爐。 Daiyu had been smiling rather cryptically as she cracked melon-seeds. Now her maid

4、Xueyan brought in her little hand-stove.,.,Contrasts of the use of “this” and “that” between Chinese and English,Contrasts of the use of “this” and “that” between Chinese and English In Chinese texts, “zhe” may refer to what one has said or mentioned. In a similar context, “that” is the choice in En

5、glish texts. 她發(fā)出一聲呻吟似的低語(yǔ)：“你今晚才象個(gè)大人?！彼⑿α??！斑@正是我想說(shuō)的話?！?(瓊瑤：雁兒在林梢),.,“zhe”,“zhe” may refer to a very recent occurrence, “that” is used in English. He said nothing for a moment. Then : “I scribbled something in my notebook the other day for future use, just had the idea that while driving along; that ha

6、ppens a lot”.,.,Contrasts of the use of “this” and “that” between Chinese and English,“this” and “that” in Chinese may be used to indicate psychological distance (one may use “this” even though the thing referred to is distant in time). 她到現(xiàn)在還記得很明白的是五六年前的土地廟的香市中看見(jiàn)一只常常會(huì)笑的猴子，一口的牙齒那么白！但這也是他最后一次快樂(lè)的紀(jì)念 She

7、 could still remember the monkey she had seen several years before at a temple fair at homeit kept grinning and showing a mouthful of white teeth. That was her last, happy memory,.,.,“this” and “that,when referring back to the statement previously made, “this” is preferred in Chinese while “that” is

8、 more customary in English. To be or not to be: that is a question. 可是老王身上確實(shí)有足以吸引她的地方.他人很聰明，這個(gè)她看得出來(lái)。 But there was something in Lao Wang (Mr. Wang) that did interest her. There was intelligence; she could sense that.,.,Contrasts of the use of “this” and “that” between Chinese and English,“the” in En

9、glish and “zero anaphora” in Chinese (p.58) (10) . 大約到了19世紀(jì)初馬被蒸汽火車(chē)頭取代了。 It was not until the beginning of the 19th century that the horse was replaced by the steam locomotive.,.,Structural cohesion,Structural cohesion (co-reference; ellipsis; substitution; and conjuction). Please refer to the textbo

10、ok. 這是第一個(gè)孩子，沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)世面，老是躲躲閃閃的。 This is my first child. He has not seen much of life/much society/has seen little of the world, so he is always shy and awkward.,.,Structural cohesion,教室太吵，宿舍太悶，校園里的樹(shù)林中，小河邊，假山旁，芳草上全是同學(xué)知己，一個(gè)個(gè)手捧書(shū)本，口中念念有詞。 Asand, i, only to find/ and found, in, by, and on, withand (Conjunctio

11、n!),.,Structural cohesion,你去說(shuō)服他吧，昨晚我跟他談了一夜，盡了力了。 You try to persuade him now. I talked to him all last night, therefore Ive done my part ( N. Mailer) . 酒不醉人自醉。 It is not the wine that intoxicates but the drinker who gets himself drunk.,.,Structural cohesion,一定的文化（當(dāng)作觀念形態(tài)的文化）是一定社會(huì)政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)的反映， 又給予一定社會(huì)的政治和

12、經(jīng)濟(jì)以巨大的作用和影響。 Any given culture (as an ideological form) is a reflection of the politics and economics of a given society, and the former at the same time exerts a tremendous effect upon the latter.,.,Structural cohesion,鳳子于我不只是妻子，她是中國(guó)不分割的一部分，是流淌在我和中國(guó)之間的一條永續(xù)不段的溪流，其間蕩漾著一個(gè)民族、一種文化、一個(gè)社會(huì)的精髓。 沙博理 Sidney Sh

13、apiro Phoenix was more than a wife to me./ She was an integral part of China, a continual stream that flowed between China and me, the essence of a people, a culture, a society.,.,Structural cohesion,我們國(guó)家大，人口多，農(nóng)業(yè)要搞上去，最重要的還是要調(diào)動(dòng)我國(guó)農(nóng)民的積極性，自力更生，艱苦奮斗。 Agricultural advancement in so vast a country, with so

14、 large a population, requires above everything else mobilizing the initiative of all the Chinese farmers to work hard with a spirit of self-reliance.,.,Structural cohesion,你本身不善解人意，別人就不能理解你。 He cannot make himself understood who does not himself easily understand.,.,Lexical cohesion,Lexical cohesion

15、 城鄉(xiāng)改革的基本政策，一定要長(zhǎng)期保持穩(wěn)定。當(dāng)然，隨著實(shí)踐的發(fā)展，該完善的完善，該修補(bǔ)的修補(bǔ)，但總的要堅(jiān)定不移。即使沒(méi)有新的主意也可以。就是不要變，不要使人們感到政策變了。 The basic policies for urban and rural reform must be kept stable for a long time to come. Of course, as the reform progresses, some of these policies should be improved or amended as necessary. But we should keep

16、to the general direction. It doesnt matter much whether we can come up with new ideas. What matters is that we should neither change nor make people feel that we are changing the policies.,.,Lexical cohesion,漢譯英不如英譯漢容易。 Translation form Chinese into English is not so easy as that from English into C

17、hinese.,.,Lexical cohesion,我們倡導(dǎo)和平共處，這一原則目前在世界上已越來(lái)越深入人心。 We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is growing more and more popular in the world. 你沒(méi)有搞好，我是不滿意的，得罪了你就得罪了你。 You have done a poor job and I am not satisfied, and if you feel offended, so be it. verbal (substitution),.,E

18、llipsis,Ellipsis : 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。 Association with the good can only produce good, with the wicked, evil.,.,Not to be omitted,Not to be omitted. 脫下衣服的時(shí)候，他聽(tīng)得外面很熱鬧，阿Q生平 本來(lái)最?lèi)?ài)看熱鬧，（他）便尋聲走出去了。（他）尋聲漸漸的尋到趙太爺?shù)膬?nèi)院里，雖然在黃昏中，（他）卻辨得出許多人，趙府一家連兩日不吃飯的太太也在內(nèi)，還有間壁的鄒七嫂，真正本家的趙白眼，趙司晨。,.,Not to be omitted,While he was taking off his shirt he heard an uproar outside, and since Ah Q always liked to join in any excitement that was going, he went out in search