小升初英語考點(diǎn)解讀知識講解典例探究分層訓(xùn)練-第十四講非謂語（教師版）

第十四講：非謂語【考點(diǎn)解讀】非謂語動詞在英語語法體系中是非常難的語法點(diǎn)，在小升初英語的考試中，非謂語動詞的部分語法項(xiàng)目在考察范圍之內(nèi)，主要考查四個板塊，如：(1)只能加動詞不定式的動詞搭配例如：want+todo；（2）只能加動詞ing的動詞搭配例如：enjoy+doing；（3）既能加do又能加

Ving的動詞搭配例如：like+todo/doing（4）只能加動詞原形do的動詞等。以下我們會詳細(xì)解讀這些知識點(diǎn)，幫助學(xué)生一步步解開其謎團(tuán)?！局R講解】知識點(diǎn)1——什么是非謂語動詞？用來做什么？1.特點(diǎn)非謂語動詞表現(xiàn)形式是動詞，但不可做謂語，所以被稱作非謂語動詞。主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞。沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但可以有自己的賓語和狀語。非謂語在句中的成分（見下表）一、不定式句子成分說明熟記例句主語直接作主語it先做形式主語（?？迹┚湫停孩買t’s+adj.+forsb.+todosth.（形容詞多修飾事情）②It’s+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.（形容詞多修飾人）It’sdifficultformetoworkouttheproblems.It’skindofyoutohelpmecarryheavyboxes.表語多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換作主語。1.one’sambition（wish/hope/duty/responsibility/job……）+be+todosth.Hisjobatthemomentistolookafterthehomelesspeople.賓語作動詞的賓語，一般不作介詞的賓語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語：wouldlike,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect.在find,think后往往先用it作形式賓語。跟不帶to的不定式的動詞有：whynotdo...,whydon’tyoudo...hadbetter(not)do...,wouldratherdo,could/would/will/youplease(not)do...Hepreferstoeatwhitebreadandrice.Ifinditdifficulttoremembereverything.Whynottakeaholiday?Ittakesmeanhourtowalkthere.賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式作賓補(bǔ)與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。tell,ask,want,allow,wouldlikesb.todosth.省略to的不定式：“一感（feel）二聽（hear,listento）、三讓（have,let,make）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）,但是變被動時必須加上to。SheaskedmenottospeakChineseinEnglishclass.Thispicturemakesmefeelrelax.Iwasmadetosaysorrytohim.定語放到名詞或代詞后，與其有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系?！锶绻遣患拔飫釉~，且與所修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.狀語不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要與句子的主語一致?！镌驙钫Z，多見于“sb.+be+adj.+todo...”結(jié)構(gòu)句中?！锝Y(jié)果狀語，多見于“too...to”，“enoughto...”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。I’msorrytotroubleyou.(表原因)IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.(表目的)不定式常和疑問詞what，which，when，where，how連用，相當(dāng)于一個賓語從句。Ididn’tknowwheretogo/whattodo.二、動名詞句子成分說明熟記例句主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.賓語作動詞和介詞的賓語作動詞的賓語：口訣：完成實(shí)踐值得忙、繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄、考慮建議不禁想、喜歡思念要介意【finish、practice、beworth、bebusy、beusedto、giveup、consider、suggest、can’thelp、feellike、enjoy、spend、havetrouble/problems（in）、havefun】to作介詞:(1)lookforwardto(2)prefer...to...(3)be/getusedto...Shelikessinginganddancing.Thankyouforhelpingus.Sheisbusy(in)doingherhomework.表語多數(shù)情況下，動名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)換成作主語。注意：不定式和動名詞均可用作主語和表語，區(qū)別是：動名詞多指籠統(tǒng)的、抽象的概念，而不定式則多指具體的、一次性的動作。Herfavoritesportisskating.=Skatingisherfavoritesport.定語只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。置于所修飾詞之前。Sheisinthereadingroom.Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods,三、分詞句子成分說明表語現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征；含有“令人……的”意思。過去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)。含有“某人感到……的”意思。Thesituationisencouraging.Thestorywasveryinteresting．Theboyistoofrightenedtomove.Iwasinterestedinthemovie.補(bǔ)足語現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語，被不足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯主語（即主動關(guān)系）；過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語，被補(bǔ)足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯賓語（即被動關(guān)系）。Don’tkeepuswaitingforalongtime.(主謂關(guān)系，正在進(jìn)行)He’llhavehishaircutafterschool.Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.知識點(diǎn)2——三、【典例探究】【例題1】：Itisnecessary______exerciseeveryday.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took【例題2】：Myfatheragreed___metothezooafterthefinalexam.A.withtakeB.withtakingC.totakeD.totaking四、【課堂運(yùn)用】【練習(xí)】選擇填空Remember______thekeywhenyouleave.totakeB.takingC.takeD.tookTheboyiskeenonsport.Heenjoys____footballverymuch.toplayB.playingC.playD.playedthestudentsstopped______assoonastheteachercamein.totalkB.talkC.talkedD.talkingTheboyisonlyfourteenyearsold.Heis____driveacar.oldenoughB.toooldtoC.notoldenoughtoD.sooldthathecanItiskind___you____usthefavor.for...todoB.of...todoC.for...todoingD.of...todoingYoursonlooksverytired.____him_____tobednow.Make...goingB.Make...togoC.Let...goD.Let...togoHecan’tbeinBeijing.Isawhim____inthestreetjustnow.walksB.towalkC.walkedD.walkingThestudentsaretold_____lateforthemeeting.notB.nottoC.nottobeD.nottobeingI’msorrythatIforgot____youthatthemeetinghadbeenputofftillnextweek.tellB.tellingC.totellD.toldYou’dbetter____somemilkbeforeyousleep.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drankYou’dbetter_____toomuch.Youaregettingfat.eatB.toeatC.noteatD.nottoeatHetookataxitoschool____belatefortheexam.inordertoB.inordernottoC.soastoD.soastonotHegotupearly____catchtheearlytraintoXiamen.inorderB.inordernottoC.soastoD.soasShepractices_____pianoasmuchaspossible.toplaytheB.playtheC.playingD.playingtheHeissokindthathealwaystrieshisbest____others.helpB.tohelpC.helpingD.helpingHaveyoufinished____themodelplane?tomakeB.makeC.makingD.madeHowabout____badmintonwithusafterschool?playB.toplayC.toplayingD.playingIt’stoohot.Why____theairconditioner?A.notturnB.nottoturnonC.notturningonD.turningon【課后鞏固】【練習(xí)】單項(xiàng)選擇題1.Theteachertoldthem________makesomuchnoise.A.don’tB.notC.willnotD.notto2.Ourmasteroftentoldus_______anythingfromothers.A.nottohaveB.nottotakeC.didn’ttakeD.nottomake3.Tellhim_______thewindow.A.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto5.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter________afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive6.Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating7.Thewor