黑龍江省齊齊哈爾市2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期4月期中考試英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1黑龍江省齊齊哈爾市2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期4月期中英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AIfyouareplanningtostartacareerinthefieldofeducation,science,orculture,thenaninternship(實(shí)習(xí))atUNESCOwillbeidealforyou.Whocanapply?*Youhavecompletedyourfull-timeuniversitystudies;oryouarestudyinginagraduateprogramforamaster’sdegree.*Applicantslearninginthefieldoftechnologymusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnicalinstitution.Whataretherequirements?*Youmustbeatleast20yearsold.*YoushouldhaveagoodcommandofeitherEnglishorFrench.*Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofoffice-relatedsoftware.*Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandbecomeaccustomed(適應(yīng)的)toaninternationalworkingenvironment.*Youshouldhavestronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?*Visa:Youshouldhavegotthenecessaryvisa.*Travel:Youmustarrangeandfinanceyourtraveltoandfromthelocationwhereyouwilldoyourinternship.*Medicalinsurance:Youmustshowproofofacomprehensivehealthinsurancevalid(有效的)inthetargetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship.UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinternshipperiod.*Medicalcertificate:Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefittowork.*Motivationletter:Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform.Yourapplicationwillbeaccessed(獲取)byUNESCOmanagersandwillstayinourdatabaseforsixmonths.Wedonotrespondtoeveryapplicant.Ifselected,youwillbecontactedbyamanager.Ifyoudonotreceiveanyupdatewithinsixmonths,itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.1.Howcananapplicantbefitforthepositioninoneaspect?A.Byadaptingtoaninternationalworkingenvironment.B.Byhavinginternationalworkexperience.C.Bypresentingsomehonourcertificates.D.Bygettingadrivinglicence.2.Whatdoesn’tanapplicantneedtogetprepared?A.Theirvisa. B.Theirmedicalinsurance.C.Theirrecommendationletter. D.Theirmedicalcertificate.3.Whatcanwelearnabouttheapplicationprocess?A.Noteveryapplicantwillbeinformed.B.Applicantscanhaveaccesstothedatabase.C.Applicantsshouldreceivetrainingforsometime.D.Anapplicantmustworkinateamforsixmonths.【答案】1.A2.C3.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文介紹了聯(lián)合國教科文組織（UNESCO）實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目的申請條件、要求和準(zhǔn)備材料?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Whataretherequirements?”部分內(nèi)容“Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandbecomeaccustomedtoaninternationalworkingenvironment.(你應(yīng)該能夠很好地在團(tuán)隊(duì)中工作，并適應(yīng)國際工作環(huán)境。)”可知，能夠適應(yīng)國際工作環(huán)境是其要求之一，選項(xiàng)A“Byadaptingtoaninternationalworkingenvironment.(通過適應(yīng)國際工作環(huán)境。)”表述的求職者在適應(yīng)國際工作環(huán)境這一方面表現(xiàn)良好，在這一方面適合該職位。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?”部分內(nèi)容“Visa(簽證)”，“Travel(行程安排)”，“Medicalinsurance(醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn))”，“Medicalcertificate(健康證明書)”，“Motivationletter(動(dòng)機(jī)信/自薦信)”列出的材料包括簽證、醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、健康證明、動(dòng)機(jī)信/自薦信等，但未提到“推薦信”（recommendationletter）。故選C項(xiàng)。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章末尾段內(nèi)容“Wedonotrespondtoeveryapplicant.Ifselected,youwillbecontactedbyamanager.Ifyoudonotreceiveanyupdatewithinsixmonths,itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.(我們并非對(duì)每一位申請者都予以回復(fù)。如果您被選中，您將會(huì)收到一位經(jīng)理的聯(lián)系。若在六個(gè)月內(nèi)您未收到任何更新信息，那就意味著您的申請未獲成功。)”可知，不是每位申請者都能得到回復(fù)或聯(lián)系，僅聯(lián)系入選者。故選A項(xiàng)。BAsakid,PamelaAkukuspentherweekendsexploringtheNationalMuseumsofKenyainNairobi,followinghermom,whoworkedthere.Akukubecamefascinatedwiththeresearchersshesawusingcomplicatedequipmentandanalyzingfossils.“ButIdidn’tknowwhattheyweredoingatthetime,”shesaid.“Ikeptaskingmymomaboutit.”Akuku’smomsawherdaughter’scuriosityandsignedherupforthemuseum’sYoungResearchersClub.Akukusoontookpartinmockexcavations(模擬挖掘)andreconstructedbones.“Ienjoyedreadingandpuzzles,”Akukusaid.“Andthiswasamixtureofthetwo.”Themuseumexperienceshelpedinspirehercareerasanarcheologist(考古學(xué)家).Afterherfouryearsatuniversity,shewassurethatshewantedtointenselystudyarchaeology.Shestudiedforamaster’sdegreeinSouthAfricaandmajoredinzooarchaeology.SheisnowattheCatalanInstituteofHumanPaleoecologyandSocialEvolutioninTarragona,Spain.There,shestudieshowancienthumanschangedandmadeuseofanimalbones.Herresearchishelpingtorevealmoreaboutwhereearlyhumanslived.SheiscurrentlystudyingremainsfromTanzania’sOlduvaiGorge,whereresearcherspreviouslydiscoveredstonetoolsandevidenceofearlyhumanancestorsgoingbackasfarasabouttwomillionyears.Akukugavesomeadvicetothepeoplewhowanttodothisjob.Shesaid,“Bepreparedtoencounterhardconditions.Workinginthisfieldischallenging.Youfeellikeyouhavetoworktwiceashardjusttoberecognized,orsometimesyoufeelyou’renotworkinghardenoughorthatyoudon’tfitin.”Butshehaslearnedtodealwithanysituation.Nowshealwaystellseveryonetheyshouldfeelworthyandsmartenough.Sheoftensays,“Don’tfeellikeyoudon’tbelonghere.Whatyou’redoingcounts.”4.WhatdidAkukunoticeinthemuseum?A.Theresearchersstudiedhowancientpeopleimprovedstonetools.B.Theresearchersexaminedthenatureandstructureoffossils.C.Theresearchersdesignedandmadeuseofsomeequipment.D.Theresearchersdugoutandconstructedbonesagain.5.WhydidAkuku’smotherletherjointheYoungResearchersClub?A.Akuku’smotherwantedhertohelpwithherwork.B.Akuku’smotherwaspersuadedtodosobytheclub.C.Akukuwasfamiliarwithsomemembersintheclub.D.Akukuhadastrongdesiretoknowaboutsomething.6.WhatistrueaboutTanzania’sOlduvaiGorge?A.Manystonetoolswaittobefoundthere.B.Thehistoricalsitewasseriouslydamagedbypeople.C.Peoplepossiblylivedthereabouttwomillionyearsago.D.TheremainswerediscoveredbyresearchersfromKenya.7.WhatdoesAkukusuggestrelevantpeoplehaveasenseof?A.Theirbeingintelligentandsolvingproblemsquickly.B.Theirbeingbrightandbelievingthatthey’revaluable.C.Theirbeinggenerousandgivingothersahandinstantly.D.Theirbeingcourageousandconcentratingontheirmissions.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.B【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章主要敘述來自肯尼亞的PamelaAkuku從小就對(duì)博物館的研究人員的工作感興趣，后來加入該博物館的俱樂部，大學(xué)四年后，她確信專注學(xué)習(xí)考古學(xué)。最后她還給與想在這個(gè)行業(yè)工作的人一些有益的建議?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Asakid,PamelaAkukuspentherweekendsexploringtheNationalMuseumsofKenyainNairobi,followinghermom,whoworkedthere.Akukubecamefascinatedwiththeresearchersshesawusingcomplicatedequipmentandanalyzingfossils.(小時(shí)候，帕梅拉·阿庫庫利用周末時(shí)間跟隨在那里工作的母親，探索內(nèi)羅畢的肯尼亞國家博物館。阿庫庫被她看到的使用復(fù)雜設(shè)備和分析化石的研究人員迷住了)”可知，阿庫庫在博物館里注意到研究人員檢查了化石的性質(zhì)和結(jié)構(gòu)。故選B。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Akuku’smomsawherdaughter’scuriosityandsignedherupforthemuseum’sYoungResearchersClub.(Akuku的媽媽看到了女兒的好奇心，為她報(bào)名參加了博物館的青年研究人員俱樂部)”可知，Akuku的母親讓她加入青年研究人員俱樂部是因?yàn)锳kuku有強(qiáng)烈的求知欲。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“SheiscurrentlystudyingremainsfromTanzania’sOlduvaiGorge,whereresearcherspreviouslydiscoveredstonetoolsandevidenceofearlyhumanancestorsgoingbackasfarasabouttwomillionyears.(她目前正在研究坦桑尼亞奧杜瓦伊峽谷的遺跡，研究人員此前在那里發(fā)現(xiàn)了石器和早期人類祖先的證據(jù)，這些證據(jù)可以追溯到大約200萬年前)”可知，大約兩百萬年前，早期人類可能生活在坦桑尼亞的奧杜瓦伊峽谷。故選C。【7題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Nowshealwaystellseveryonetheyshouldfeelworthyandsmartenough.(現(xiàn)在她總是告訴每個(gè)人，他們應(yīng)該覺得自己有價(jià)值，足夠聰明)”可知，Akuku建議相關(guān)人士相信他們很聰明，相信自己很有價(jià)值。故選B。CVeins(靜脈),arteriesandotherbloodvesselsareextremelyimportantforourbody’ssurvival.Todeliverbloodaroundthebody,acomplexcircuitofbloodvesselsprovidesoxygen,removeswaste,andmaintainspressuresothatthevascular(血管的)networkcanoperatecontinuously.Ourcellsareprotectedbyabarrierofskin,enablingustocontainourwaterandmaintainconsistentinternaltemperatures.Everycellinthehumanbodyrequiresoxygentoproduceenergy,butmostofourcellscannotaccessitdirectly.Thismeansthatveryfewcellsinteractwiththeenvironment,andthereforeveryfewcellscouldaccessmuch-neededoxygenandsugarforenergy.Fortunately,ourspeciespossessesanetworkoftissuesandorganstoensureourcellsacquirethesubstancesthattheyneed.Wecallthisnetworkthecirculatory(血液循環(huán)的)system.Thecirculatorysystemincludesapump—theheart—andaconnectednetworkofbloodvesselsthatcarrybloodtoandfrominternaltissues.Ifbloodanditscomponentpartsarethedeliveryservice,busilyprovidingoxygenandcollectingwaste,thenbloodvesselsarehighwaysandsmallerroadsonwhichtheytravel.Togetherwiththeheart,whichprovidesthepressurethatcausesbloodtomovearoundthecircuitinthebody,bloodvesselsareimportantformaintainingthehealthandfunctionalityofourcells.Ourcirculatorysystemisalsohighlyadaptable.Whenwe’reatrestandrequirelessenergy,theheartrateslows.However,whenwemoveaboutandexercise,theheartraterises.Tofeelthebeatingheartinactionforyourself,youcanplaceafingerontheleftsideofyourwrist.Aswellastheheart,bloodvesselsthemselvesreacttoenvironmentalchanges.Whenit’scold,forexample,thebloodvesselsbecomenarrower,helpingtopreventheatloss.Thereverseisalsotrue,asbloodvesselsexpandwhenitishottohelpourbodiesreduceextraheat.Therefore,ourvascularnetworkcanregulateourinternalenvironment,helpingtobothfuelandprotectourcells.8.Whatcanbelearnedaboutourcirculatorysystemfromparagraphs2and3?A.It’sonlymadeupofbloodvessels.B.Itstaysthesamewhetherwerestorexercise.C.Ithaslittleresponsetoenvironmentalchanges.D.Ithelpsprovideessentialsubstancesforourcells.9.Whatcanbloodvesselsbedescribedas?A.Startingstationsandterminalstations. B.Streetsignsorguideboards.C.Mainroadsandsmallerroads. D.Deliverymenorpostmen.10.Howcanthebloodvesselsreacttothecoldenvironment?A.Theybecomenarrower. B.Theystarttostretch.C.Theybreakintoparts. D.Theychangetheirweight.11.Whatisthethemeofthetext?A.Tipsonheartprotection. B.Ourcirculatorysystemisimportant.C.Whatarebloodvesselsmadeupof? D.Whydocellsrequireoxygen?【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了血液循環(huán)系統(tǒng)及其特點(diǎn)和重要性?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thismeansthatveryfewcellsinteractwiththeenvironment,andthereforeveryfewcellscouldaccessmuch-neededoxygenandsugarforenergy.

Fortunately,ourspeciespossessesanetworkoftissuesandorganstoensureourcellsacquirethesubstancesthattheyneed.Wecallthisnetworkthecirculatory(血液循環(huán)的)system.(這意味著很少有細(xì)胞與環(huán)境相互作用，因此很少有細(xì)胞能夠獲得急需的氧氣和糖作為能量。幸運(yùn)的是，人類擁有一個(gè)組織和器官網(wǎng)絡(luò)，以確保我們的細(xì)胞獲得所需的物質(zhì)。我們把這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)稱為循環(huán)系統(tǒng))”可知，循環(huán)系統(tǒng)幫助我們的細(xì)胞提供必需的物質(zhì)，故選D。【9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Ifbloodanditscomponentpartsarethedeliveryservice,busilyprovidingoxygenandcollectingwaste,thenbloodvesselsarehighwaysandsmallerroadsonwhichtheytravel.(如果血液及其組成部分是運(yùn)送服務(wù)，忙著提供氧氣和收集廢物，那么血管就是高速公路和它們行駛的小道路)”可知，血管可以描述為主路和小路，故選C?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Whenit’scold,forexample,thebloodvesselsbecomenarrower,helpingtopreventheatloss.(例如，當(dāng)天氣寒冷時(shí)，血管會(huì)變窄，有助于防止熱量散失)”可知，天氣寒冷時(shí)，血管會(huì)變窄，故選A?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段“Veins(靜脈),arteriesandotherbloodvesselsareextremelyimportantforourbody’ssurvival.Todeliverbloodaroundthebody,acomplexcircuitofbloodvesselsprovidesoxygen,removeswaste,andmaintainspressuresothatthevascular(血管的)networkcanoperatecontinuously.(靜脈、動(dòng)脈和其他血管對(duì)我們身體的生存極其重要。為了將血液輸送到全身，一個(gè)復(fù)雜的血管回路提供氧氣、清除廢物并維持壓力，這樣血管網(wǎng)絡(luò)才能持續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn))”可知，文章主要介紹了血液循環(huán)系統(tǒng)及其特點(diǎn)和重要性，故選B。DAfterpeople’sdeparturefromAksucityinnorthwestChina’sXinjiangUygurautonomousregion,a4-hourdriveleadstotheheartoftheWestTianshanMountains,wheretheconstructionsiteoftheWestTianshantunnelontheG219highwaystands.ThiscrucialandimportantpartoftheG219routeconnectsZhaosucountyinIliKazakautonomousregionandWensucountyinAksucity,servingasamajorpassagewaythroughtheWestTianshanMountains.ThekeypointoftheprojectistheWestTianshantunnelstretching(綿延)for15.7kilometers.Thistunnelholdsthetitlesofbeingthelongestandthefirstinmultipleareasofroadconstruction.Thetunnelislocatedinthecoldandhigh-altituderegionandinazonethatrecordsmoreearthquakesatthesouthernfootoftheWestTianshanMountains.Theecology(生態(tài))hereissensitiveandfragile(脆弱的),andtheconstructiondifficultycanbeconsideredasoneofthetoughestinthehistoryofroadconstruction.Intheinitialstagesofconstruction,projectpersonnelfacedmultiplechallengesduetotheremotelocation.There’snowater,noelectricity,noroads,noInternetconnection,andnopeopleinthemiddleoftheTianshanrange.InresponsetothecomplexgeologicalconditionsoftheWestTianshantunnel,innovativeimprovementshavebeenmadetoensureefficient,safe,andpreciseexcavation(挖掘).Severalmeasureshavebeentakentosecuregreenconstruction.“OurtunnelislocatedwithintheTomurPeakglacierprotectionarea,aUNESCOWorldHeritagesite,wheretheoverallecologicalenvironmentisfragile.Toensureenvironmentalprotection,wehaveintroducednewenergyequipmentandbroughtinelectricityfromoutsidetocreatehigh-voltagechargingstationstomakesurethatournewenergyequipmentcanbechargedpromptly,”saidSunZhanjun,deputymanagerofXinjiangG219projectphaseEPC-2.“DuringtheSpringFestival,wewillcontinueconstructionasusual.Thetunnelworkwillalsoproceedasscheduled.Inordertoensurethesmoothcompletionofthistunnel,wewillnottakeabreakduringthisSpringFestival,”saidSun.“ConnectingthenorthernandsouthernregionsoftheTianshanrange,theZhaosu-Wensuhighwayaimsforcompletionandopeningtotrafficin2027.”O(jiān)ncetheprojectiscompleted,thedrivingdistancebetweenWensucountyandZhaosucountythroughtheTianshanMountainswillbereducedto440kilometersfromover1,700kilometers.Itwillsignificantlypromotethegrowthoftourismintheareaandattractmoretouriststotheregion.12.Whyistheconstructionofthetunnelratherhard?①Theenvironmenttheremustbecarefullyprotected.②Thechargestationsarenotstabletosupplypower.③Thereisnotenoughadvancedengineeringequipment.④Thepositioniswhereearthquakesareeasytohappen.⑤Theweatherthereiscoldandthelocationisveryhigh.A.③④⑤ B.①②③ C.②④⑤ D.①④⑤13.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“promptly”inparagraph6?A.Occasionally. B.Partially. C.Quickly. D.Cautiously.14.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatSunZhanjunsaid?A.TheTianshantunnelworkislocatedfarfromtheUNESSCOWorldHeritage.B.TheTianshantunnelworkwillgoonevenduringtheSpringFestival.C.TheTianshantunnelworkissupposedtobecompletedinfiveyears.D.TheTianshantunnelworkisstillshortofphysicalworkers.15.Whatisthefactabouttheproject?A.ThepurposeistoconnectWensucountyandAksucity.B.ThetunnelisratherfarfromtheTomurPeakglacierprotectionarea.C.ThetunnelisontheG219highwayinthemiddleoftheTianshanrange.D.TheaimistocutthedrivingdistancebetweenWensucountyandZhaosucounty.【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要介紹了中國新疆G219公路西天山隧道的建設(shè)情況、面臨挑戰(zhàn)及建成意義?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thetunnelislocatedinthecoldandhigh-altituderegionandinazonethatrecordsmoreearthquakesatthesouthernfootoftheWestTianshanMountains.Theecology(生態(tài))hereissensitiveandfragile(脆弱的),andtheconstructiondifficultycanbeconsideredasoneofthetoughestinthehistoryofroadconstruction.(該隧道位于寒冷的高海拔地區(qū)，地處西天山南麓地震多發(fā)帶。這里的生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感脆弱，其施工難度堪稱公路建設(shè)史上最難之一。)”可知，隧道建設(shè)難度大是因?yàn)榄h(huán)境需小心保護(hù)（①）、所處位置易發(fā)生地震（④）、天氣寒冷且海拔高（⑤）。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第六段“Toensureenvironmentalprotection,wehaveintroducednewenergyequipmentandbroughtinelectricityfromoutsidetocreatehigh-voltagechargingstationstomakesurethatournewenergyequipmentcanbechargedpromptly(為確保環(huán)境保護(hù)，我們引入了新能源設(shè)備，并從外部引入電力建設(shè)高壓充電站，以確保我們的新能源設(shè)備能promptly充電)”可知，為了保證新能源設(shè)備正常運(yùn)行，建造充電站就是為了讓設(shè)備能快速充電，所以劃線單詞的意思與“快速地”意義相近。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段““DuringtheSpringFestival,wewillcontinueconstructionasusual.Thetunnelworkwillalsoproceedasscheduled.Inordertoensurethesmoothcompletionofthistunnel,wewillnottakeabreakduringthisSpringFestival,”saidSun.(孫戰(zhàn)軍說：“春節(jié)期間，我們將照常施工。隧道工程也將按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行。為確保這條隧道順利完工，今年春節(jié)我們不休息?！?”可知，天山隧道工程即使在春節(jié)期間也將繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Oncetheprojectiscompleted,thedrivingdistancebetweenWensucountyandZhaosucountythroughtheTianshanMountainswillbereducedto440kilometersfromover1,700kilometers.(項(xiàng)目一旦完工，溫宿縣和昭蘇縣穿越天山的駕車距離將從1700多公里縮短至440公里。)”可知，該項(xiàng)目目的是縮短溫宿縣和昭蘇縣之間的駕車距離。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Today’ssharksarenothingcomparedtotheirancientcousins.___16___.Theycouldhaveeatenacreaturethesizeofakillerwhaleinjustfivebites,newresearchsuggests.InastudypublishedinthejournalScienceAdvances,researchersusedfossilevidencetocreatea3Dmodelofthemegalodon—oneofthebiggestfishofalltime—andfindclues(線索)aboutitslife.___17___,accordingtothestudy.That’sabouttwotothreetimesthesizeoftoday’sgreatwhiteshark.Basedontheirdigitalmodel,researcherscalculatedthatthemegalodonwouldhaveweighedaround70tons,orasmuchas10elephants.Themegalodon,whichlivedabout23millionto2.6millionyearsago,wasalsoastrongswimmer.___18___.Itcouldhaveeasilymovedacrossseveraloceans.It’sbeendifficultforscientiststogetaclearpictureofthemegalodon,saidstudyauthorCatalinaPimiento.Themegalodon’sskeleton(骨骼)ismadeofcartilage(軟骨)thatdoesn’tfossilizewell,Pimientosaid.___19___.Theyincludedararecollectionofbonesthat’sbeenatamuseuminBelgiumsincethe1860s.Researchersalsostudiedthemegalodon’steeth—eachoneasbigasahumanfist.___20___,saidMichaelGottfried,apaleontologistatMichiganStateUniversity.However,hesaidthestudy’sfindingsarereasonablebasedonwhatisknownaboutthegiantshark.A.TheseareasprovidedenoughfoodsourcesB.SometimessharkscanattackpeopleintheseaC.ItsaveragespeedwashigherthansharkstodayD.SothescientistsexaminedwhatfewfossilsareavailableE.ThegiantsharksswamintheoceanmillionsofyearsagoF.Theexactcauseofthemegalodon’sextinctionisstillasubjectofdebateG.Ataround16metersfromnosetotail,themegalodonwasbiggerthanalargecoach【答案】16.E17.G18.C19.D20.F【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹遠(yuǎn)古巨齒鯊的體型、習(xí)性、研究情況及滅絕原因的爭議?！?6題詳析】上文“Today’ssharksarenothingcomparedtotheirancientcousins.(如今的鯊魚與它們遠(yuǎn)古的表親相比簡直不值一提)”引出遠(yuǎn)古鯊魚的話題，下文“Theycouldhaveeatenacreaturethesizeofakillerwhaleinjustfivebites,newresearchsuggests.(新的研究表明，它們可能只需咬五口就能吃掉一頭虎鯨那么大的生物)”描述遠(yuǎn)古鯊魚的強(qiáng)大，E選項(xiàng)“Thegiantsharksswamintheoceanmillionsofyearsago(這些巨型鯊魚在數(shù)百萬年前就在海洋中遨游了)”既承接上文提到的遠(yuǎn)古鯊魚，又引出下文對(duì)遠(yuǎn)古鯊魚的進(jìn)一步介紹，符合語境。故選E項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】上文“InastudypublishedinthejournalScienceAdvances,researchersusedfossilevidencetocreatea3Dmodelofthemegalodon—oneofthebiggestfishofalltime—andfindclues(線索)aboutitslife.(在一項(xiàng)發(fā)表于《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》期刊的研究中，研究人員利用化石證據(jù)創(chuàng)建了巨齒鯊（有史以來最大的魚類之一）的3D模型，并尋找有關(guān)其生活的線索)”提到巨齒鯊是最大的魚類之一，下文“That’sabouttwotothreetimesthesizeoftoday’sgreatwhiteshark.(這大約是如今大白鯊體型的兩到三倍)”進(jìn)一步說明其大小，由此可知，此空介紹的內(nèi)容與巨齒鯊的大小相關(guān)，G選項(xiàng)“Ataround16metersfromnosetotail,themegalodonwasbiggerthanalargecoach(巨齒鯊從鼻子到尾巴大約16米長，比一輛大型長途客車還要大)”具體描述了巨齒鯊的長度，銜接上下文，符合語境。故選G項(xiàng)。【18題詳析】上文“Themegalodon,whichlivedabout23millionto2.6millionyearsago,wasalsoastrongswimmer.(生活在大約2300萬至260萬年前的巨齒鯊，也是一名游泳健將)”表明巨齒鯊游泳能力強(qiáng)，下文“Itcouldhaveeasilymovedacrossseveraloceans.(它可以輕松地游過幾個(gè)大洋)”進(jìn)一步說明其游泳能力，由此可推斷，此空仍然介紹其游泳的能力相關(guān)，C選項(xiàng)“Itsaveragespeedwashigherthansharkstoday(它的平均速度比如今的鯊魚要快)”解釋了它游泳能力強(qiáng)的表現(xiàn)，即速度快，承上啟下，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】上文“Themegalodon’sskeleton(骨骼)ismadeofcartilage(軟骨)thatdoesn’tfossilizewell,Pimientosaid.(皮門托說，巨齒鯊的骨骼是由軟骨構(gòu)成的，不容易形成化石)”說明巨齒鯊化石難以保存，下文“Theyincludedararecollectionofbonesthat’sbeenatamuseuminBelgiumsincethe1860s.Researchersalsostudiedthemegalodon’steeth—eachoneasbigasahumanfist.(其中包括自19世紀(jì)60年代以來一直保存在比利時(shí)一家博物館的一批稀有的骨骼收藏。研究人員還研究了巨齒鯊的牙齒——每一顆都有人類的拳頭那么大)”提到了對(duì)現(xiàn)有化石的研究，D選項(xiàng)“Sothescientistsexaminedwhatfewfossilsareavailable(所以科學(xué)家們檢查了僅有的那些可用的化石)”承接上文巨齒鯊化石難以保存的情況，與上文之間為因果關(guān)系，符合邏輯，且引出下文對(duì)現(xiàn)有化石的研究，符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】下文“However,hesaidthestudy’sfindingsarereasonablebasedonwhatisknownaboutthegiantshark.(不過，他表示，根據(jù)已知的關(guān)于這種巨型鯊魚的情況，這項(xiàng)研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)是合理的)”中的However表示轉(zhuǎn)折，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Theexactcauseofthemegalodon’sextinctionisstillasubjectofdebate(巨齒鯊滅絕的確切原因仍然是一個(gè)有爭議的話題)”指出巨齒鯊滅絕原因有爭議，與下文“研究發(fā)現(xiàn)合理”形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，符合語境。故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Hardy,afive-year-oldblackLabrador,wasoutonawalkwhenhewentracingontoapartiallyfrozenriverandgottrappedthere.Theyoungdogwas____21____inthefreezingwater,hispaws____22____theedgetightlyashisdogwalkertried____23____topullhimtosafety.TheRSPCAandNorthumberlandFireandRescueServiceswerecalledtotheRiverWansbeckinAshingtonintheUKtohelp____24____thedog.“Hewasoutwalkingwithhisdogwalkerwhenheranintotheriver,not____25____thattheweatheratminussixdegreeswe’vehadrecentlyhadfrozenthewater,”saidRSPCAInspectorJaquiMiller.“Hisdogwalkertoldushe’sso____26____paddling(劃水)intheriverandtheseathathejustranforward,hopingforagoodswim.”Firefightersattacheda(n)____27____toMiller,afirefighter,andthensheslowlycrawledacrossthefrozenrivertoHardy,pullingherselfalongwithanicepick(鑿冰器).AGoProcamerashewaswearingrecordedthe____28____scene.“ImadesureIwassecurely____29____theropeandstartedtomovedforwardonmyhandsandknees____30____theice.AsIgotclosertoHardy,Icouldhearhimwhimpering(嗚咽)，”Millersaid.“Imanagedtopickhimupbyliftingthebackofhisneckandhelphimpushhimselfupontotheice.Hemusthavebeen____31____becausehedidn’thangaroundbutrantowardshisdogwalker.”O(jiān)nceHardywasbackontothe____32____,hewasdriedbya____33____andgivenaglancebyhisdogwalkerandMiller,whohadbeenpulledbackbythefirefighters.Thedogseemedtobeverycoldandhadasmall____34____ononeofhispaws.Butotherthanthat,hewasfine.Laterthatday,MillerstoppedbytovisitHardy.“He’squiteastrongdogwho’sfondofswimmingintheNorthSea,sohedidn’tseemprettytroubledbythe____35____,”shesaid.21.A.separated B.sunk C.stuck D.seized22.A.puttingupwith B.gettingridof C.holdingonto D.gettingdownto23.A.unnecessarily B.unusually C.unwillingly D.unsuccessfully24.A.rescue B.raise C.feed D.train25.A.proving B.realizing C.warning D.fearing26.A.frightenedof B.usedto C.freefrom D.patientwith27.A.label B.envelope C.stone D.rope28.A.shocking B.confusing C.embarrassing D.boring29.A.fastenedto B.sentfor C.impressedwith D.exposedto30.A.beyond B.below C.above D.across31.A.energetic B.freezing C.sympathetic D.troublesome32.A.bank B.stage C.surface D.bottom33.A.contract B.version C.towel D.shadow34.A.key B.card C.cut D.sign35.A.experiment B.strike C.accident D.noise【答案】21.C22.C23.D24.A25.B26.B27.D28.A29.A30.D31.B32.A33.C34.C35.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一只小狗被困在結(jié)冰的河里，消防人員對(duì)其進(jìn)行了及時(shí)救援，小狗安然無恙?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這只小狗被困在冰冷的水里，他的爪子緊緊抓住冰層的邊緣，遛狗的人試圖把他拉到安全的地方，但沒有成功。A.separated分開；B.sunk下沉；C.stuck困住，卡住；D.seized抓住。根據(jù)上文“hewentracingontoapartiallyfrozenriverandgottrappedthere.”可知，小狗被困住了，需要救援。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：這只小狗被困在冰冷的水里，他的爪子緊緊抓住冰層的邊緣，遛狗的人試圖把他拉到安全的地方，但沒有成功。A.puttingupwith容忍，忍受；B.gettingridof消除，除掉；C.holdingonto緊緊抓?。籇.gettingdownto開始專心做。根據(jù)上文“Theyoungdogwas____inthefreezingwater”可知，小狗被困落水，爪子緊緊抓住了冰的邊緣。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這只小狗被困在冰冷的水里，他的爪子緊緊抓住冰層的邊緣，遛狗的人試圖把他拉到安全的地方，但沒有成功。A.unnecessarily沒必要；B.unusually不同尋常地；C.unwillingly不愿意地；D.unsuccessfully不成功地。根據(jù)下文“TheRSPCAandNorthumberlandFireandRescueServiceswerecalledtotheRiverWansbeckinAshingtonintheUKtohelp____thedog.”可知，遛狗的人打電話向消防員求救了，他應(yīng)該是自己試圖把狗拉上來結(jié)果沒成功。故選D項(xiàng)。【24題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：英國阿什頓的萬斯貝克河畔，皇家防止虐待動(dòng)物協(xié)會(huì)（RSPCA）和諾森伯蘭消防救援部門接到求助電話，前來營救這只狗。A.rescue救援，營救；B.raise舉起，飼養(yǎng)，募集；C.feed喂養(yǎng)；D.train訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)上文“hisdogwalkertried____topullhimtosafety.”及下文消防員的救助可知，遛狗人救狗失敗，打電話給動(dòng)物救助協(xié)會(huì)和消防部門是請求對(duì)狗實(shí)施專業(yè)救援。故選A項(xiàng)。【25題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他和遛狗的人外出散步時(shí)跑進(jìn)了河里，他沒有意識(shí)到最近氣溫低至零下六度，河水已經(jīng)結(jié)冰了。A.proving證明；B.realizing意識(shí)到；C.warning警告；D.fearing害怕，唯恐。根據(jù)下文賓語從句“thattheweatheratminussixdegreeswe’vehadrecentlyhadfrozenthewater”可知，此處是伴隨狀語，指狗跑進(jìn)河里時(shí)的狀態(tài)，狗沒意識(shí)到降溫河流結(jié)冰。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞短語辨析。句意：遛狗的人告訴我們，他平時(shí)就習(xí)慣在河里和海里嬉水，所以他直接沖了進(jìn)去，以為能好好游個(gè)泳。A.frightenedof害怕；B.usedto習(xí)慣于；C.freefrom免于；D.patientwith耐心的。根據(jù)下文“hejustranforward,hopingforagoodswim.”“who’sfondofswimmingintheNorthSea”可知，小狗直接跑到河里想要游泳，應(yīng)該是經(jīng)常在水里游泳，習(xí)慣了下水嬉戲。故選B項(xiàng)。【27題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：消防員們將一根繩子系在米勒身上，然后她慢慢地爬過結(jié)冰的河面，朝著哈迪的方向挪動(dòng)，一邊用冰鎬支撐自己。A.label標(biāo)簽；B.envelope信封；C.stone石頭；D.rope繩子。根據(jù)下文第9空后“therope”可知，消防員在米勒身上系了繩子，原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她佩戴的GoPro相機(jī)記錄下了這驚險(xiǎn)的一幕。A.shocking令人驚訝的；B.confusing令人困惑的；C.embarrassing令人尷尬的；D.boring乏味的，無聊的。根據(jù)上文“Firefightersattacheda(n)___toMiller,afirefighter,andthensheslowlycrawledacrossthefrozenrivertoHardy,pullingherselfalongwithanicepick.”可知，此處的形容詞形容米勒在薄冰上救援小狗的過程，應(yīng)該是令人震驚的，觸目驚心，很危險(xiǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：我確保自己牢牢地系在繩子上，然后開始手腳并用地在冰面上向前移動(dòng)。A.fastenedto系牢在……上；B.sentfor派人去請；C.impressedwith對(duì)……印象深刻；D.exposedto暴露于，接觸到。根據(jù)上文“Firefightersattacheda(n)____toMiller,afirefighter”可知，米勒身上是系了繩子的，此處表示她確保繩子系的結(jié)實(shí)。故選A項(xiàng)。【30題詳析】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：我確保自己牢牢地系在繩子上，然后開始手腳并用地在冰面上向前移動(dòng)。A.beyond超出；B.below在……下面；C.above在……上方；D.across穿過，橫過，跨過。根據(jù)上文“andthensheslowlycrawledacrossthefrozenrivertoHardy,pullingherselfalongwithanicepick”可知，這兩處是在描述同一個(gè)場景，在冰面上向狗的方向移動(dòng)，介詞across原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他一定凍壞了，因?yàn)樗麤]有待在那里，而是跑向遛狗的人。A.energetic精力旺盛的；B.freezing極冷的；C.sympathetic同情的；D.troublesome惹麻煩的。根據(jù)下文“becausehedidn’thangaroundbutrantowardshisdogwalker.”及14空前“Thedogseemedtobeverycold”可知，狗獲救后，沒有到處玩耍，立即跑向主人，應(yīng)該是感覺很冷不舒服。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：哈迪回到河岸后，被用毛巾擦干了身子，遛狗的人和被消防員拉回來的米勒對(duì)他做了簡單的檢查。A.bank河岸，銀行；B.stage舞臺(tái)；C.surface表面；D.bottom底部。根據(jù)空前的“backonto”及下文“hewasdriedbya____andgivenaglancebyhisdogwalkerandMiller,”可知，把小狗身上擦干是獲救上岸后發(fā)生的。故選A項(xiàng)。【33題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：哈迪回到河岸后，被用毛巾擦干了身子，遛狗的人和被消防員拉回來的米勒對(duì)他做了簡單的檢查。A.contract合同；B.version版本；C.towel毛巾；D.shadow影子。根據(jù)空前“hewasdried”可知，落水的狗擦干身體應(yīng)該使用毛巾。故選C項(xiàng)。【34題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這只狗似乎被凍得不輕，爪子上還有一道小傷口。A.key關(guān)鍵，鑰匙；B.card卡片；C.cut割傷；D.sign標(biāo)志，跡象