中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解之議論文（講義）（解析版）

A第04講閱讀理解之議論文（講義）

目錄

復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握目標(biāo)及備考方向

二考情分析中考閱讀理解議論文考情分析

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題

2.推理判斷題

閱讀議論文的

三3.詞義猜測題

考向

4.主旨大意題

5.提升必考題型歸納

四真題感悟中考閱讀議論文經(jīng)典考題精選

【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】

1.熟練語篇類型和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)

2.明確命題規(guī)律和提問方式

3.掌握不同題型的解題方法

【考情分析】

閱讀理解議論文命題規(guī)律

議論文往往有觀點，有事實，邏輯性強，命題往往從事實的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)及文章的主旨或

作者的表達(dá)意圖等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。所以考生要培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下

文猜詞的能力，或者說根據(jù)情境能揣測作者的意圖。議論文的閱讀同其他體裁文章的閱讀

理解一樣，可以有主旨大意、細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷、詞義猜測等幾種出題方式。

【名師解難】

議論文一般有論點、論據(jù)和論證三個要*.3是議論文的核心，是作者對所論述事件的基本看法和立場；

是文章要表達(dá)的主要思想；找準(zhǔn)論點有助干把握文章的整體方向和理解文章主題的深層內(nèi)涵。論據(jù)是作者

所引用的用以證明和支持論點的材料，這些材料可以是名人名言、事實例證，或是統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)等，理清論據(jù)

材料的內(nèi)容能夠幫助讀者更深層次地理解論點的含義。k證方法多種多樣，常見的有1.歸納法，即從分析

個別事例入手，找出事物的共同特點，從而得出結(jié)論；2.演繹法，即從一般原理出發(fā)，對個別事物進(jìn)行說明、

分析后得出結(jié)論；3.比較對照法，即對所有事實、方面進(jìn)行對照，找出異同之處，然后加以分析，得出結(jié)論；

4.駁論法，即先列出錯誤的觀點，然后加以逐條批駁，反證自己觀點的正確性。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解：細(xì)節(jié)理解題在中考閱讀理解試題中所占比例最大，不過相對來說較簡單，通過題干的關(guān)鍵詞，

在文中找到相關(guān)信息，仔細(xì)對比，就能得出答案。k正確選項特征為：I同義替換、語言簡化、正話反說等。

2.主旨大意：主要考查考生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、選擇標(biāo)題及

判斷作者寫作意圖等形式出現(xiàn)。其正確選項特征為：涵蓋性強，覆蓋全文或全段；確定的范圍恰當(dāng)，既不

太大，也不太?。痪_性強，不會改變語言表意的程度及色彩。

3.作者觀點：站在作者的角度，通過邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章寓意的能力；一般不

出現(xiàn)絕對概念。

4.詞義猜測：考查考生在短時間內(nèi)根據(jù)上下文快速猜測所指定的某一個生詞、詞組或者句子含義的能力，

而這些詞或詞組往往超出考綱范圍。一般利用上下文線索、語法知識、上下文邏輯、構(gòu)詞法和常識等手段。

4議論文答題技巧

.夯基-必備基礎(chǔ)知識梳理

一、重視文章標(biāo)題，找準(zhǔn)全文主題句，把握文章主旨

標(biāo)題往往是全文的主題，審視標(biāo)題，有利于理解全文，提高解題效率。主題句對全文起提示、啟迪、

概括、歸納之作用。根據(jù)主題句既可以知道文章議論的是什么，也可以知道作者希望讀者了解主題方面的

哪些內(nèi)容。議論文題材偏難，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用總一分一總的結(jié)構(gòu)，交替使用正面和反面的

論證方式。通常，先總說現(xiàn)象或觀點；其次，正面陳述、反面論證；最后作者表明自己的態(tài)度，再次總結(jié)

文章。通常主題句會出現(xiàn)在文章的首句或句末，在這些地方要多留意表示歸納的詞匯，也可以在具體事例

之后或之前的表示觀點的陳述句中尋找。

二、細(xì)讀文章，注意文章細(xì)節(jié)理解

除主旨題外，細(xì)節(jié)理解題也是閱讀理解題中的基礎(chǔ)題，它主要考查學(xué)生對文中的具體事例、數(shù)字、時

間、地點等的理解。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)排序題（按事情發(fā)展順序排序），圖表題（按文章內(nèi)容找出正確圖形），正誤題（依

據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對所列的陳述進(jìn)行正誤判斷）。對這種題型，無論細(xì)節(jié)題如何變化形式，立足點都應(yīng)是從文章中

找出相應(yīng)詞句作為依據(jù)。雖然答案中有的細(xì)節(jié)在文中很清楚，但可能與問題無關(guān)。細(xì)節(jié)題的破解一般用尋

讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、分析、對比，有根據(jù)

地排除干擾項，選出正確答案。假如問題采用的是反向思維，題中含有not或except等表示否定意義的詞,

則需要更加留意。此法可以加強閱讀的針對性，提高做題的準(zhǔn)確率。做此類題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯

關(guān)系。

三、理解整體語篇，掌握作者意圖

做推理判斷題要求考生在閱讀理解整體語篇的同時，對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的

推理判斷，站在作者的視角，而不是主觀臆斷、憑空想象，從而走入誤區(qū)。英語文章講究使用主題段與主

題句，段與段之間通常有過渡性詞語連接，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫。有時文章還會在時間順序、空間

順序或邏輯推理上運用較高級的手段進(jìn)行組編。要想準(zhǔn)確、深刻地理解文章，必須對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，

把握全篇的文脈，即句內(nèi)、句間和段落間的修辭手段或邏輯關(guān)系。作者往往在構(gòu)思語篇前會進(jìn)行預(yù)先設(shè)定：

讀者知道什么，不知道什么，讀者可能與自己共同擁有什么樣的生活經(jīng)驗、思想見地和需求欲望等，然后

設(shè)計一些隱藏在語篇深層的"潛臺詞”。因此，這類試題要求考生利用主題句進(jìn)行推測，揣摩文字背后作

者的意圖，運用背景知識去挖掘文章的深層含義，從而正確理解作者的言外之意，同時認(rèn)真體會文章的語

氣與感情基調(diào)。

四、多讀多背，擴大詞匯量，掌握猜詞技巧

由于當(dāng)今的閱讀文章題材廣泛，體裁多樣，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一詞多義，甚至出現(xiàn)沒學(xué)過的詞匯。許多學(xué)生感

到困擾很大，有的甚至煩躁得難以堅持閱讀下去。要解決閱讀中的生詞問題，一是要擴大英語詞匯量，二

是要學(xué)習(xí)并掌握一些猜測生詞詞義的方法，如：利用同義、反義、上義、下義、詞的集合、詞的搭配等關(guān)

系；利用照應(yīng)、替代、省略、定義、舉例等情境關(guān)系；利用詞綴、轉(zhuǎn)化、合成等構(gòu)詞法；利用后置定語或

同位語等語法結(jié)構(gòu)；利用前后對比或因果推理法等。

總之，想要提高閱讀能力，尤其是對考生來說難度較大的議論文閱讀，學(xué)生應(yīng)能從篇章和試題雙方面

入手。通過觀察、體驗、探究等積極主動的學(xué)習(xí)方法，優(yōu)化閱讀理解中議論文的解題思路和方法策略，提

高學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力。

.提升-必考題型歸納

（一）

（2023?安徽?校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）

Noonewantstoworkatamessy（凌舌L的）deskandlooklazy.Butdoesamessydesktopactuallymeanthat?

Notalldisordersmeanyoumesseverythingup.

Peoplewholikeamessydeskhavetheirownideas.Somethinkitmakesthemcomfortable.Somebelieveit

helpsthemfocus（專注）moreeasily.Messytablescanmakeiteasiertofocusonthetasks,justlikesomewriters

canwritepatientlyinanoisyplace.Othersmaybethepeoplewhowanttodothingsperfectly.Theyusuallyput

awaythelessimportantthingsanddothemostimportantonesperfectly,whichleadstopapermountainsonthe

desktop.

Researchshowsthatpeopleworkingwithamessydesktopareprobablymorecreativeandliketotakerisks.

Butpeoplewithatidyoneoftenfollowtherulesandmaynotliketotrynewthings.Forexample,inanexperiment

（實驗）donebyKathleenVbhs,peopleinthemessygroupcameupwithmoreinterestingandcreativeideas

aboutthenewusesofping-pongballs.Vbhssays,"Messyenvironmentsseemtoinspire（激發(fā)）peopletothinkup

freshideas.”

Butamessydeskmightnotbethebestchoiceallthetime.Whenyouneednewideas,amessydeskmightbe

agoodchoice;butwhenyouwanttodoataskquicklyandsuccessfully,itseemsbettertomakeadeskcleanand

tidy.

1.Whydosomepeoplelikeamessydesk?

A.Becausetheyarelazyanduntidy.B.Becausetheywanttodothingswell.

C.Becauseithelpsthemfocusontaskseasily.D.Becauseithelpsthemdotheirworkpatiently.

2.WhatdoestheexperimentdonebyKathleenVbhsshowus?

A.Disorderiswelcomedbymostpeopleinthisworld.

B.Amessydesktophasabadinfluenceonpeople'sminds.

C.Peopleworkingwithatidydesktopcanalsobesuccessful.

D.Peopleworkingwithamessydesktopmaybemorecreative.

3.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.MessyDesk:DoPeopleNeedtoChangeIt?

B.MessyDesk:DoesItMakePeopleComfortable?

C.MessyDesk:DoPeopleGetUsedtoIt?

D.MessyDesk:DoesItHelpPeopleWorkPatiently?

【答案】1.C2.D3.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要圍繞桌面凌亂對人的影響展開論述，通過實例驗證了在桌面凌亂的環(huán)境下工作的人更具

有創(chuàng)造性，分析了桌面整潔與凌亂的不同影響。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Peoplewholikeamessydeskhavetheirownideas.Somethinkitmakesthemcomfortable.

Somebelieveithelpsthemfocus（專注）moreeasily?5（喜歡凌亂辦公桌的人有自己的想法。有些人認(rèn)為這

讓他們感到舒適。一些人認(rèn)為這有助于他們更容易集中注意力）可知，因為凌亂的辦公桌能幫助他們更容

易地專注于任務(wù)。故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Forexample,inanexperiment（實驗）donebyKathleenVbhs,peopleinthemessygroup

cameupwithmoreinterestingandcreativeideasaboutthenewusesofping-pongballs...Messyenvironmentsseem

toinspire（激發(fā)）peopletothinkupfreshideas”可知，研究表明，在凌亂的環(huán)境下工作的人可能更有創(chuàng)造力。

故選D。

3.標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要圍繞桌面凌亂對人的影響展開論述，通過實例驗證了在桌面凌亂的環(huán)境下工作的

人更具有創(chuàng)造性，分析了桌面整潔與凌亂的不同影響：當(dāng)你需要新想法時，凌亂的辦公桌可能是一個不錯

的選擇；但是當(dāng)你想要快速成功地完成一項任務(wù)時，把桌子弄得干凈整潔似乎更好。所以最佳題目是：“凌

亂的辦公桌：人們需要改變它嗎？”故選A。

（2023?四川綿陽?統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）

Historyisfullofheroes,whohavemadeanenormousimpact（影響）ontheworld.

FullRizerRed（《滿江紅》）,oneofthehitmoviesin2023,remindedmeofYueFei,ournationalhero.Heled

thearmytofightbravelyagainstJin,nottoyield（屈月艮）tothetraitor（叛徒）QinHui.YueFei,accordingtoChina9s

history,isarealhero.Hisstoryhasbeenpasseddownthroughtheages,beginningwithhislifeintheSouthern

SongDynasty.

Thereareheroesineverytimeperiod.Heroesarepeoplewhodosomethingbrave,unusual,orimportant.

Heroesaremenandwomenwhotakerisks.Inthefaceofnaturaldisasters,therearealsomanyretrograde（逆行的）

heroes.Theymakeapositive（積極的）differenceintheworld.

Someheroeslivedlongago.GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Someheroesdid

greatthingsrecently.SallyRidewasanastronautandaneducator,andthefirstAmericanwomantogointospace.

Someofthegreatestheroesdidnotjustdoremarkablethingsthatmadethemfamous.Intheireverydaylives,

theybehavedinwaysthatmadepeopleadmiretheircharacter.Characterisagroupofqualitiesthatmakeupwhoa

personis.Heroesareoftenpeoplewithgreatcharacter.

Manypeoplewithgreatcharacterarehonest.Honestpeopletellthetruth,evenwhenitishardtodoit.

Someonewithgreatcharactermayalsobecompassionate.Acompassionatepersoncaresaboutothersandworksto

helpthem.

Apersonwithgreatcharactermayalsoberesponsible.Responsiblepeopledothingstheypromisetodo.Other

peoplecandependonthem.

Heroesbuildfromtheirgreatcharactertodelivergreataction.Doyouhaveahero?

4.Whatkindofdifferencedoheroesmakeintheworld?

A.Asmalldifference.B.Anegative（消極的）difference.

C.Apositivedifference.D.Acrueldifference.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"admire“meaninthisarticle?

A.Lookafter.B.Lookfor.C.Lookforwardto.D.Lookupto.

6.WhatcanbeconcludedfromParagraph3aboutdoingsomethingbrave?

A.Womenaremorelikelytodosomethingbravethanmenare.

B.Doingsomethingbravemakesadifferenceintheworld.

C.Doingsomethingbraveisthesamethingasdoingsomethingunusual.

D.Whataherodoesistakingrisks.

7.Fromthisarticle,whatistheveryqualitythatpeopleadmireinothers?

A.Honesty.B.Beauty.C.Shyness.D.Humor.

8.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?

A.Heroesarepeoplewhomakeapositivedifferenceintheworldthroughtheiractions.

B.SallyRidewasanastronaut,aneducator,andthefirstAmericanwomantogointospace.

C.Honesty,compassion,andresponsibilityaresomeofthequalitiesthatcanmakeupaperson'scharacter.

D.YueFeiremainsoneofthemostheroicfiguresinChinesehistory.

【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A8.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，講述了英雄是那些通過自己的行動對世界產(chǎn)生積極影響的人。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的最后一句"Theymakeapositivedifferenceintheworld”可知，英雄對世界有

積極的影響。故選C。

5.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Intheireverydaylives,they…admiretheircharacter.“可知，在日常生活中，

他們的行為舉止令人欽佩。選項意思分別為：lookafter照顧；lookfor尋找；lookforwardto盼望；lookupto

尊敬、欽佩。故選D。

6.段落大意題。第三段主要講的是做一些勇敢的事情會讓世界有所不同。故選B。

7.態(tài)度觀點題。通讀全文并結(jié)合選項可知，人們欣賞有誠實品質(zhì)的人。選項意思分別為：honesty誠實；beauty

美麗；shyness害羞；humor幽默。故選A。

8.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文講述了英雄是那些通過自己的行動對世界產(chǎn)生積極影響的人。故選A。

（2023?陜西西安?校考模擬預(yù)測）

Thinkaboutthatifyouarecriticized（撲匕評）fordoingsomethingwrong,howwouldyoufeel?

Muchlikeartiststurnsomethinguselessintosomethinguseful,youcanlearntogetsomeusefulexperience

fromcriticism.

Formostofus,themistakeistoconsidercriticismasabadthing.Thatleadsustocloseourmindsandlooks

downuponwhatotherssaid.Buttheproblemisthatthetruthisoftenhiddenbehindit.Nomatterhowsmartyou

areandhowhardyouwork,thereisalwaysroomforyoutoimprove.

Somecriticismmaybewrong.Buteveninthesecases,ifsvaluablebecauseithelpsyouseeyouractions

throughanotherpoint.Learningfromsuchcriticismrequirestheabilitytomakefeelingsworkforyou,insteadof

beingagainstwithyou.Youcanturnnegativefeedback（負(fù)面回饋）intosomethingusefulbyaskingyourselfthe

followingquestions:

?Puttingmypersonalfeelingsaside,whatcanIlearnfromthisperson'scriticism?

?HowcanIusethisfeedbacktohelpmeimprove?

Whenyouseethecriticismasanopportunityforgrowth,itcanhelpyoutoimproveyourideasgreatly.It's

nevergoodtohearthatyouarewrong.Whenyoudoeverything,rememberthis:praiseisnice.Butit'sthepeople

whotellyouthetruththatmakeyoubetter.It'stheoneswhochallengeyouthatwillmakeyougrow.

9.Howdidthewriterstartthepassage?

A.Bylistingafact.B.Bytellingastory.C.Byaskingaquestion.D.Bygivingareason.

10.Whyissomewrongcriticismvaluable?

A.Becauseitcanhelpustorealizehowsmartweare.

B.Becausewecangetsomeusefulexperiencefromit.

C.Becauseitcanhelpustoseeouractionsinanotherway.

D.Becauseitcanleadsustocloseourminds.

11.Whafsthewriter'sopiniononcriticism?

A.Hethinksweshouldconsideritasanopportunityforgrowth.

B.Hethinksitisabadthing.

C.Hethinksallthecriticismiswrong.

D.Hethinkswecanhardlyturnitintosomethinguseful.

【答案】9.C10.C11.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了如何正確看待批評，從中獲得有用的經(jīng)驗。

9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Thinkaboutthatifyouarecriticized（批評）fordoingsomethingwrong,howwould

youfeel?”可知，作者是通過設(shè)問引出文章的話題。故選C。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段"it，svaluablebecauseithelpsyouseeyouractionsthroughanotherpoint.”可知，

是因為它可以幫助我們以另一種方式看待自己的行為。故選Co

11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Butifsthepeoplewhotellyouthetruththatmakeyoubetter.Ifstheoneswho

challengeyouthatwillmakeyougrow.”可知，作者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該把批評看作是一個成長的機會。故選A。

（2023?重慶沙坪壩?重慶南開中學(xué)?？级＃?/p>

Doestheuniversityyouattendorthemajor（專業(yè)）youchoosedecideyoursuccessinthefuture?Accordingto

arecentsurvey,48.6%ofthepeoplebelievethattheuniversityplaysanimportantroleinshapingtheirfuture.But

33.8%ofthepeoplethinkone'smajorismoreimportant.

FuXiisastudentatPekingUniversity,oneofthetopuniversitiesinChina.Hethinkshisuniversitydoes

bringmanyunseenadvantages.6tIfIhadnoacademic（學(xué)術(shù)的）trainingorexperiencesofdifferentclubsincollege,

Iwouldn'thavesuccessfullygotmyfirstinternship（實習(xí)）inaleadingbank,^^FutoldthereporterfromChina

YouthDaily.Asforhim,studentscouldimprovetheirabilitiesthroughinternshipsoracademicactivitiestomake

themselvesreadyforajoborfurtherstudies,nomatterwhichmajortheychoose.

However,ChenYufei,20yearsold,whostudiesJapaneseatTianjinUniversity,doesn'tthinkso.▲After

gettinglowerscoresthanexpectedinGaokao,Chenlostthechancetostudyherfavoritemajor-Chinese.

“HavingnointerestinJapanese,IfeltunhappywhentakingJapaneseclassesinthefirstyear,“Chensaid.Later,she

hadproblemsinfindingherdreamjob."Differentmajorswillleadtodifferentjobswhichfinallyleadtodifferent

incomes（收入）,“Chenadded.ShethinksthatevenstudentswhomajorinJapaneseatwell-knownuniversitieswill

mostprobablymakelessmoneythanthosewhomajorincomputerscience.

Boththeuniversityandone'smajorareimportant,buttheydon'tnecessarilydecideyourlife,accordingto

ChuZhaohui,aprofessionalresearcheroftheNationalInstituteofEducationSciences."Forstudents,personal

developmentiscloselyconnectedwiththeirperformanceintheuniversity,Chusaid.

12.FromParagraph2,weknowthat.

A.FuXiisreallythankfultohisuniversity

B.FuXidoesn'tenjoyworkinginaleadingbank

C.FuXicansucceed,nomatterwhatuniversityhechooses

D.FuXidislikeshismajor,buthetriestoimprovehisabilities

13.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputinthe▲?

A.ShebelievessheshouldstudycomputerscienceinsteadofJapanese.

B.Shebelievesbothuniversityandmajorarethekeytoone'ssuccess.

C.Shebelievesthatarightmajorhasmuchmoreweightthanagooduniversity.

D.Shebelieveswhateveryourmajoris,youmuststudyhard.

14.Inthelastparagraph,ChuZhaohui'swordsarementionedto.

A.teachstudentshowtochooseagoodmajoranduniversity

B.showwhatstudentsthinkaboutthesurveyisreasonable

C.tellstudentsthatone'sfuturedependsonhismajoranduniversity

D.advisestudentstopaymoreattentiontowhattheydointheuniversity

15.Thewriterdevelopsthewholepassageby.

A.tellingstoriesB.listingnumbersC.raisingquestionsD.sharingopinions

【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，作者就上大學(xué)時，學(xué)校和專業(yè)哪一個更重要分享了不同人的觀點。

12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文“Hethinkshisuniversitydoesbringmanyunseenadvantages”可知，北京大學(xué)為FuXi

帶來了許多隱形優(yōu)勢，所以他對學(xué)校很是感激。故選A。

13.詞句猜測題。感激下文"ShethinksthatevenstudentswhomajorinJapaneseatwell-knownuniversitieswill

mostprobablymakelessmoneythanthosewhomajorincomputerscience”可知，ChenYufei認(rèn)為所學(xué)的專業(yè)比

大學(xué)學(xué)校的名氣更重要。C選項“她認(rèn)為，一個合適的專業(yè)比一所好大學(xué)更有分量”符合語境，故選C。

14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文“Forstudents,personaldevelopmentiscloselyconnectedwiththeirperformanceinthe

university”可知，文中列出ChuZhaohui的話是建議學(xué)生們要更加注重他們在大學(xué)里所做的表現(xiàn)。故選D。

15.主旨大意題。本文是一篇議論文，作者就上大學(xué)時，學(xué)校和專業(yè)哪一個更重要分享了不同人的觀點。

故選Do

（2023?四川瀘州?統(tǒng)考二模）

Socialmediaisoneofthefastest-growingindustriesintheworldtoday.Astudycarriedoutbythe

PewResearchCentershowedthat92percentofteenagersgoonlinedaily.Thewideuseofsocialmediahaschanged

nearlyallpartsofteenagerslives.

Changingrelationships:

HighschoolstudentEllyCooperfromIllinoissaidsocialmediaoftenreducesface-to-facecommunication.4tIt

makesin-personrelationshipsharderbecausepeoplegiveattentiontotheirphonesinsteadoftheirboyfriendsor

girlfriends,9,Coopersaid.Yet,somepeoplebelievesocialmediahasmadeiteasiertostartrelationshipswith

anyonefromanywhere.BethKaplanfromIllinoismetherlong-distancefriendthroughsocialmedia.Nowhelives

inScotland,butthey5restilloftenabletocommunicatewitheachother."IcanfeelclosetosomeonethatI'm

talkingtobyFaceTime,“Kaplansaid.

Wantingtobe“l(fā)iked”:

Theriseofsocialmediahaschangedthewayteenagersseethemselves.The19-year-oldEssenaO'Neill

announcedonthesocialnetworkingserviceInstagramthatshehadstoppedusingsocialmedia.Shethoughtshehad

gottenlostinappearingperfectonline.Negativecommentscanalsododamagetoateenagerself-esteem（自尊）.

Teenagerswhogetnegativecommentscan'thelpbutfeelhurt.Inparticular,somesocialmediaappssuchasYik

Yakmayprovideopportunitiesforcyberbullying（網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌）.

Openingnewdoors:

However,ArminKorsos,astudentfromIllinois,takesadvantageofthecommentshereceivesoversocial

mediatoimprovehisvideosonthesocialnetworkingsiteYouTube."Socialmediacanhelppeopleshow

themselvesandtheirtalentstotheworldinawaythatwasneverpossiblebefore,Korsossaid.

ButKorsosrealizesthatsocialmediahasbecomeadistraction（讓人分心的事）.“Socialmediaisnotall

necessary,thoughithelpspeopleconnectwiththeirfriendsandknoweachotherwellanytime.^^

16.Howdoessocialmediachangerelationships,accordingtothearticle?

A.Itpushespeopletomeettheirfriendsmoreoftenoffline.

B.Itencouragespeopletopaymoreattentiontothosearoundthem.

C.Itenablesuserstounderstandcorrectlywhatothersaretalkingaboutonline.

D.Itallowspeopletokeepintouchwiththeirfriendswholivefarawaymoreeasily.

17.Theunderlinedword"comments“meansinthepassage.

A.opinionsB.suggestionsC.conversationsD.orders

18.WhatdoesEssenaO'Neillthinkofsocialmedia?

A.Itdevelopsherconfidence.

B.Ithelpshermakefriends.

C.Ithurtsherseriously.

D.ItmakeshertiredofusingsocialmediaappYikYak.

19.WhichstatementabouttheuseofsocialmediawouldArminKorsosprobablyagreewith?

A.Usingsocialmediacanonlygetnegativecomments.

B.Usingsocialmediacanonlyreduceface-to-facecommunication.

C.Usingsocialmediaisnecessarybecauseitcanhelpknowfriendswellanytime.

D.Socialmediacancreateopportunitiesforteenagerstodevelopthemselves.

20.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?

A.Themajorproblemswithsocialmedia.

B.Socialmedia'sinfluenceonteenagers.

C.Howteenagersbenefit（受益）fromsocialmedia.

D.Whysocialmediaattractssomanyteenagers.

【答案】16.D17.A18.C19.D20.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了社交媒體對青少年的影響。

16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Yet,somepeoplebelievesocialmediahasmadeiteasiertostartrelationshipswith

anyonefromanywhere.BethKaplanfromIllinoismetherlong-distancefriendthroughsocialmedia.Nowhelives

inScotland,butthey'restilloftenabletocommunicatewitheachother.”可知人們相隔遙遠(yuǎn)也可以通過方便的社

交軟件得到聯(lián)系。故選D。

17.詞義猜測題。止匕句"Negativecommentscanalsododamagetoateenagerself-esteem（自尊）.Teenagerswhoget

negativecommentscan'thelpbutfeelhurt.”句意為“負(fù)面評論也會損害青少年的自尊。受到負(fù)面評價的青少年

會不由自主地感到受傷。”由此可知，下劃線單詞“comments”意為“評價”。故選A。

18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“The19-year-oldEssenaO'Neillannouncedonthesocialnetworkingservice

Instagramthatshehadstoppedusingsocialmedia.Shethoughtshehadgottenlostinappearingperfectonline.“可

知她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己過度沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)。故選C。

19.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段"Socialmediacanhelppeopleshowthemselvesandtheirtalentstotheworldina

waythatwasneverpossiblebefbre”可知Korsos認(rèn)為，合理正確的使用了社交媒介能夠?qū)η嗌倌暧泻艽蟮暮?/p>

處，可以向他人展示才華。故選D。

20.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Socialmediaisoneofthefastest-growingindustriesintheworldtoday...Thewide

useofsocialmediahaschangednearlyallpartsofteenagerslives.“可知，社交媒體是當(dāng)今世界上發(fā)展最快的行

業(yè)之一，社交媒體的廣泛傳播改變了青少年生活的幾乎所有部分，主要從三個方面的改變進(jìn)行說明。由此

可知，本文的主題是社交媒體對青少年的影響。故選B。

（2023?安徽宿州?統(tǒng)考二模）

HuangYu'sbelovedcatDasuandied.Huangwasquitesad.But66dayslater,Dasuan“comeback”.Huanggot

anewcatthatlooksalmostthesameasDasuanthankstocloning（克?。﹖echnology.

DasuanisChina?sfirstclonedcat.ThecatwasbominsidealabownedbyacompanyinBeijing.Toclonethe

cat,thecompany'sexpertstookcells（細(xì)胞）fromDasuanandcreatedanembryo（胚胎）.Thentheyputitintoacat

mother.

Infact,cloningpetsisnotanewthing.In2001,theworld'sfirstclonedcatwasbomintheUS.In2005,the

world'sfirstcloneddogwasbominSouthKorea.Sincecatshaveuniquereproductivefeatures,theyaremore

difficulttoclone.

However,thereareargumentsagainstpetcloning.Thoughtheclonedpetscopythedeadpefsappearance,

theyhavedifferentpersonalities.Thafswhypetownershavedifferentopinionsaboutthis.Somepetloverslike

Huangthinkacloneisagoodreplacementfortheirdeadpets.Butothersworrythathavingthesameappearance

butadifferentpersonalitywillleadtomorepaininthelongrun.Knowingthis,thecompanysaysithopestouseAI

andothertechnologiestomovememoriestoclonedpetsinthefuture.

Moreover,scientiststhinkclonedpetsaren'tashealthyasnaturallybompets.Theymayliveshorterlives.

Someanimalloversthinkcloningpetsisunacceptablebecausealargenumberofhomelessanimalsstillneed

homes.Theysaythereisnoneedtoclone.

21.Howdoesthewriterbeginthetext?

A.Bygivinganexample.B.Bylistingsomenumbers.

C.Byaskingaquestion.D.Byexplainingsomefacts.

22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it”inParagraph2referto（指的是）？

A.Theembryo.B.Thecell.C.Thepet.D.Thecat.

23.Whatisthebesttitle（標(biāo)題）forthetext?

A.Thefirstclonedcat.B.Abelovedpetcat.

C.Howtoclonepets?D.Shouldweclonepets?

【答案】21.A22.A23.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文講述了克隆寵物的事情，以及人們對克隆寵物的不同看法。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“HuangYh'sbelovedcatDasuandied.Huangwasquitesad.But66dayslater,Dasuan'comeback*.

HuanggotanewcatthatlooksalmostthesameasDasuanthankstocloningtechnology.nJ知，作者通過列舉黃雨的例子開始寫文

章，故選A。

22.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Toclonethecat,thecompany'sexpertstookcellsfromDasuanandcreatedanembryo.“可知，是把胚胎植

入貓媽媽體內(nèi)，所以it指代“胚胎”，故選A。

23.最佳標(biāo)題題。本文主要講述了克隆寵物的事情，以及人們對克隆寵物的不同看法，所以選項D“我們應(yīng)該克隆寵物嗎？”

適合做標(biāo)題，故選D。

（2023?江西九江?統(tǒng)考二模）

ChinaandWesterncountriesmayhavedifferentculturalbeliefsaboutcertainanimals,butwhenitcomesto

pigs,wehavesomehowreachedanagreement-thatpigsareugly,lazy,stupidandshameless.

Justlookattheidioms（習(xí)語）andphrasesinourlanguages.InChinese,wehavethelikesof“boilingadead

pig”,and"apiglookinginthemirrorisstillapig”.AndinEnglish,thereareidiomssuchas"eatinglikeapig”and

""sweatinglikeapig”.Noneofthemareaboutthegoodones.

Infact,sciencelongagoprovedthatpigsaren'tstupidatall.Accordingtoapaperpublishedin2017inthe

InternationalJournalofComparativePsychology,pigsare"mentallyandsociallysimilartodogsandchimpanzees^^.

Theyliketoplay.Theyhavegoodlong-termmemories.Andtheyknowthedifferencebetweenthosewhotreat

themwellandthosewhodon't.

Therearelovablepigcharactersincartoons,too.PeppaPig,forexample,aUKtelevisionseriesthatbeganin

2004,hasnowbecomeoneofthemostpopularcartoonsin180countriesandregions.Thefourmembersinthe

cartoon'spigfamilyteachchildrenfromallaroundtheworldaboutlove,friendshipandthevalueoffamily.Andin

China,theadventuresofMcDullshowthestoryofapigletwhoworkshardforhisdreams.Eventhoughhekeeps

failing,heisneverdefeated.

“Peopleareputtingtoomuchfocusonefficiency（效率）andimmediateresults,butMcDullisslowandpatient,

andnotafraidofrepeatedfailures,9,saidMcDull'screatorBrianTsewhenshewaspromotingthefilmMcDull,

KungFuDingDingDonginBeijing.uHehasaheartofgold."Perhapsthesearethequalitiesofpigstokeepin

mindwhenwethinkofpigsagain-theirintelligence,cuteness,patienceandinnocence（純真）.

24.WhichisNOTthecommonbeliefthatChinaandWesterncountriesmayhaveaboutpigs?

A.Ugly.B.Lovely.C.Lazy.D.Stupid.

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"inthesecondparagraphreferto?

A.theidiomsB.somepigsC.certaincartoonsD.allpigcharacters

26.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Pigshavegoodshort-termmemories.

B.McDullputstoomuchfocusonefficiency.

C.PeppaPigteachespeopleaboutlove,friendshipandthevalueoffamily.

D.McDull,KungFuDingDingDongisapopulartelevisionseriesthatbeganin2004.

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“defeated"inParagraph4mean?

A.succeededB.beatenC.achievedD.challenged

28.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthispassage?

A.Tointroducetwointerestingcartoonsaboutpigs.

B.Toprovethatpigsareugly,lazy,stupidandshameless.

C.Toshowpigscanbeintelligent,cute,patientandinnocent.

D.TosharedifferentbeliefsaboutpigsinChinaandWesterncountries.

【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.B28.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了“小豬佩奇”和“麥兜”等影片打破了對豬的刻板印象，描述了豬

的一些美好特性。

24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“butwhenitcomestopigs,wehavesomehowreachedanagreement-thatpigsareugly,

lazy,stupidandshameless.”可知，中國和西方對于豬的印象都是丑陋、懶惰、愚蠢和無恥，沒有提及可愛，

故選Bo

25.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)"Justlookattheidioms（習(xí)in）andphrasesinourlang