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A第04講閱讀理解之議論文(講義)
目錄
復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握目標(biāo)及備考方向
二考情分析中考閱讀理解議論文考情分析
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題
2.推理判斷題
閱讀議論文的
三3.詞義猜測題
考向
4.主旨大意題
5.提升必考題型歸納
四真題感悟中考閱讀議論文經(jīng)典考題精選
【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】
1.熟練語篇類型和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)
2.明確命題規(guī)律和提問方式
3.掌握不同題型的解題方法
【考情分析】
閱讀理解議論文命題規(guī)律
議論文往往有觀點,有事實,邏輯性強,命題往往從事實的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)及文章的主旨或
作者的表達(dá)意圖等方面著手,考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。所以考生要培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下
文猜詞的能力,或者說根據(jù)情境能揣測作者的意圖。議論文的閱讀同其他體裁文章的閱讀
理解一樣,可以有主旨大意、細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷、詞義猜測等幾種出題方式。
【名師解難】
議論文一般有論點、論據(jù)和論證三個要*.3是議論文的核心,是作者對所論述事件的基本看法和立場;
是文章要表達(dá)的主要思想;找準(zhǔn)論點有助干把握文章的整體方向和理解文章主題的深層內(nèi)涵。論據(jù)是作者
所引用的用以證明和支持論點的材料,這些材料可以是名人名言、事實例證,或是統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)等,理清論據(jù)
材料的內(nèi)容能夠幫助讀者更深層次地理解論點的含義。k證方法多種多樣,常見的有1.歸納法,即從分析
個別事例入手,找出事物的共同特點,從而得出結(jié)論;2.演繹法,即從一般原理出發(fā),對個別事物進(jìn)行說明、
分析后得出結(jié)論;3.比較對照法,即對所有事實、方面進(jìn)行對照,找出異同之處,然后加以分析,得出結(jié)論;
4.駁論法,即先列出錯誤的觀點,然后加以逐條批駁,反證自己觀點的正確性。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解:細(xì)節(jié)理解題在中考閱讀理解試題中所占比例最大,不過相對來說較簡單,通過題干的關(guān)鍵詞,
在文中找到相關(guān)信息,仔細(xì)對比,就能得出答案。k正確選項特征為:I同義替換、語言簡化、正話反說等。
2.主旨大意:主要考查考生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力,以概括中心大意、段落大意、選擇標(biāo)題及
判斷作者寫作意圖等形式出現(xiàn)。其正確選項特征為:涵蓋性強,覆蓋全文或全段;確定的范圍恰當(dāng),既不
太大,也不太?。痪_性強,不會改變語言表意的程度及色彩。
3.作者觀點:站在作者的角度,通過邏輯關(guān)系,研究細(xì)節(jié),推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章寓意的能力;一般不
出現(xiàn)絕對概念。
4.詞義猜測:考查考生在短時間內(nèi)根據(jù)上下文快速猜測所指定的某一個生詞、詞組或者句子含義的能力,
而這些詞或詞組往往超出考綱范圍。一般利用上下文線索、語法知識、上下文邏輯、構(gòu)詞法和常識等手段。
4議論文答題技巧
.夯基-必備基礎(chǔ)知識梳理
一、重視文章標(biāo)題,找準(zhǔn)全文主題句,把握文章主旨
標(biāo)題往往是全文的主題,審視標(biāo)題,有利于理解全文,提高解題效率。主題句對全文起提示、啟迪、
概括、歸納之作用。根據(jù)主題句既可以知道文章議論的是什么,也可以知道作者希望讀者了解主題方面的
哪些內(nèi)容。議論文題材偏難,但其框架一般都很清晰,多采用總一分一總的結(jié)構(gòu),交替使用正面和反面的
論證方式。通常,先總說現(xiàn)象或觀點;其次,正面陳述、反面論證;最后作者表明自己的態(tài)度,再次總結(jié)
文章。通常主題句會出現(xiàn)在文章的首句或句末,在這些地方要多留意表示歸納的詞匯,也可以在具體事例
之后或之前的表示觀點的陳述句中尋找。
二、細(xì)讀文章,注意文章細(xì)節(jié)理解
除主旨題外,細(xì)節(jié)理解題也是閱讀理解題中的基礎(chǔ)題,它主要考查學(xué)生對文中的具體事例、數(shù)字、時
間、地點等的理解。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)排序題(按事情發(fā)展順序排序),圖表題(按文章內(nèi)容找出正確圖形),正誤題(依
據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對所列的陳述進(jìn)行正誤判斷)。對這種題型,無論細(xì)節(jié)題如何變化形式,立足點都應(yīng)是從文章中
找出相應(yīng)詞句作為依據(jù)。雖然答案中有的細(xì)節(jié)在文中很清楚,但可能與問題無關(guān)。細(xì)節(jié)題的破解一般用尋
讀法,即先看試題,再讀文章。對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位,再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、分析、對比,有根據(jù)
地排除干擾項,選出正確答案。假如問題采用的是反向思維,題中含有not或except等表示否定意義的詞,
則需要更加留意。此法可以加強閱讀的針對性,提高做題的準(zhǔn)確率。做此類題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯
關(guān)系。
三、理解整體語篇,掌握作者意圖
做推理判斷題要求考生在閱讀理解整體語篇的同時,對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的
推理判斷,站在作者的視角,而不是主觀臆斷、憑空想象,從而走入誤區(qū)。英語文章講究使用主題段與主
題句,段與段之間通常有過渡性詞語連接,承上啟下,使文章行文連貫。有時文章還會在時間順序、空間
順序或邏輯推理上運用較高級的手段進(jìn)行組編。要想準(zhǔn)確、深刻地理解文章,必須對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解,
把握全篇的文脈,即句內(nèi)、句間和段落間的修辭手段或邏輯關(guān)系。作者往往在構(gòu)思語篇前會進(jìn)行預(yù)先設(shè)定:
讀者知道什么,不知道什么,讀者可能與自己共同擁有什么樣的生活經(jīng)驗、思想見地和需求欲望等,然后
設(shè)計一些隱藏在語篇深層的"潛臺詞”。因此,這類試題要求考生利用主題句進(jìn)行推測,揣摩文字背后作
者的意圖,運用背景知識去挖掘文章的深層含義,從而正確理解作者的言外之意,同時認(rèn)真體會文章的語
氣與感情基調(diào)。
四、多讀多背,擴大詞匯量,掌握猜詞技巧
由于當(dāng)今的閱讀文章題材廣泛,體裁多樣,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一詞多義,甚至出現(xiàn)沒學(xué)過的詞匯。許多學(xué)生感
到困擾很大,有的甚至煩躁得難以堅持閱讀下去。要解決閱讀中的生詞問題,一是要擴大英語詞匯量,二
是要學(xué)習(xí)并掌握一些猜測生詞詞義的方法,如:利用同義、反義、上義、下義、詞的集合、詞的搭配等關(guān)
系;利用照應(yīng)、替代、省略、定義、舉例等情境關(guān)系;利用詞綴、轉(zhuǎn)化、合成等構(gòu)詞法;利用后置定語或
同位語等語法結(jié)構(gòu);利用前后對比或因果推理法等。
總之,想要提高閱讀能力,尤其是對考生來說難度較大的議論文閱讀,學(xué)生應(yīng)能從篇章和試題雙方面
入手。通過觀察、體驗、探究等積極主動的學(xué)習(xí)方法,優(yōu)化閱讀理解中議論文的解題思路和方法策略,提
高學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力。
.提升-必考題型歸納
(一)
(2023?安徽?校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測)
Noonewantstoworkatamessy(凌舌L的)deskandlooklazy.Butdoesamessydesktopactuallymeanthat?
Notalldisordersmeanyoumesseverythingup.
Peoplewholikeamessydeskhavetheirownideas.Somethinkitmakesthemcomfortable.Somebelieveit
helpsthemfocus(專注)moreeasily.Messytablescanmakeiteasiertofocusonthetasks,justlikesomewriters
canwritepatientlyinanoisyplace.Othersmaybethepeoplewhowanttodothingsperfectly.Theyusuallyput
awaythelessimportantthingsanddothemostimportantonesperfectly,whichleadstopapermountainsonthe
desktop.
Researchshowsthatpeopleworkingwithamessydesktopareprobablymorecreativeandliketotakerisks.
Butpeoplewithatidyoneoftenfollowtherulesandmaynotliketotrynewthings.Forexample,inanexperiment
(實驗)donebyKathleenVbhs,peopleinthemessygroupcameupwithmoreinterestingandcreativeideas
aboutthenewusesofping-pongballs.Vbhssays,"Messyenvironmentsseemtoinspire(激發(fā))peopletothinkup
freshideas.”
Butamessydeskmightnotbethebestchoiceallthetime.Whenyouneednewideas,amessydeskmightbe
agoodchoice;butwhenyouwanttodoataskquicklyandsuccessfully,itseemsbettertomakeadeskcleanand
tidy.
1.Whydosomepeoplelikeamessydesk?
A.Becausetheyarelazyanduntidy.B.Becausetheywanttodothingswell.
C.Becauseithelpsthemfocusontaskseasily.D.Becauseithelpsthemdotheirworkpatiently.
2.WhatdoestheexperimentdonebyKathleenVbhsshowus?
A.Disorderiswelcomedbymostpeopleinthisworld.
B.Amessydesktophasabadinfluenceonpeople'sminds.
C.Peopleworkingwithatidydesktopcanalsobesuccessful.
D.Peopleworkingwithamessydesktopmaybemorecreative.
3.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.MessyDesk:DoPeopleNeedtoChangeIt?
B.MessyDesk:DoesItMakePeopleComfortable?
C.MessyDesk:DoPeopleGetUsedtoIt?
D.MessyDesk:DoesItHelpPeopleWorkPatiently?
【答案】1.C2.D3.A
【導(dǎo)語】本文主要圍繞桌面凌亂對人的影響展開論述,通過實例驗證了在桌面凌亂的環(huán)境下工作的人更具
有創(chuàng)造性,分析了桌面整潔與凌亂的不同影響。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Peoplewholikeamessydeskhavetheirownideas.Somethinkitmakesthemcomfortable.
Somebelieveithelpsthemfocus(專注)moreeasily?5(喜歡凌亂辦公桌的人有自己的想法。有些人認(rèn)為這
讓他們感到舒適。一些人認(rèn)為這有助于他們更容易集中注意力)可知,因為凌亂的辦公桌能幫助他們更容
易地專注于任務(wù)。故選C。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Forexample,inanexperiment(實驗)donebyKathleenVbhs,peopleinthemessygroup
cameupwithmoreinterestingandcreativeideasaboutthenewusesofping-pongballs...Messyenvironmentsseem
toinspire(激發(fā))peopletothinkupfreshideas”可知,研究表明,在凌亂的環(huán)境下工作的人可能更有創(chuàng)造力。
故選D。
3.標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要圍繞桌面凌亂對人的影響展開論述,通過實例驗證了在桌面凌亂的環(huán)境下工作的
人更具有創(chuàng)造性,分析了桌面整潔與凌亂的不同影響:當(dāng)你需要新想法時,凌亂的辦公桌可能是一個不錯
的選擇;但是當(dāng)你想要快速成功地完成一項任務(wù)時,把桌子弄得干凈整潔似乎更好。所以最佳題目是:“凌
亂的辦公桌:人們需要改變它嗎?”故選A。
(2023?四川綿陽?統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測)
Historyisfullofheroes,whohavemadeanenormousimpact(影響)ontheworld.
FullRizerRed(《滿江紅》),oneofthehitmoviesin2023,remindedmeofYueFei,ournationalhero.Heled
thearmytofightbravelyagainstJin,nottoyield(屈月艮)tothetraitor(叛徒)QinHui.YueFei,accordingtoChina9s
history,isarealhero.Hisstoryhasbeenpasseddownthroughtheages,beginningwithhislifeintheSouthern
SongDynasty.
Thereareheroesineverytimeperiod.Heroesarepeoplewhodosomethingbrave,unusual,orimportant.
Heroesaremenandwomenwhotakerisks.Inthefaceofnaturaldisasters,therearealsomanyretrograde(逆行的)
heroes.Theymakeapositive(積極的)differenceintheworld.
Someheroeslivedlongago.GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Someheroesdid
greatthingsrecently.SallyRidewasanastronautandaneducator,andthefirstAmericanwomantogointospace.
Someofthegreatestheroesdidnotjustdoremarkablethingsthatmadethemfamous.Intheireverydaylives,
theybehavedinwaysthatmadepeopleadmiretheircharacter.Characterisagroupofqualitiesthatmakeupwhoa
personis.Heroesareoftenpeoplewithgreatcharacter.
Manypeoplewithgreatcharacterarehonest.Honestpeopletellthetruth,evenwhenitishardtodoit.
Someonewithgreatcharactermayalsobecompassionate.Acompassionatepersoncaresaboutothersandworksto
helpthem.
Apersonwithgreatcharactermayalsoberesponsible.Responsiblepeopledothingstheypromisetodo.Other
peoplecandependonthem.
Heroesbuildfromtheirgreatcharactertodelivergreataction.Doyouhaveahero?
4.Whatkindofdifferencedoheroesmakeintheworld?
A.Asmalldifference.B.Anegative(消極的)difference.
C.Apositivedifference.D.Acrueldifference.
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"admire“meaninthisarticle?
A.Lookafter.B.Lookfor.C.Lookforwardto.D.Lookupto.
6.WhatcanbeconcludedfromParagraph3aboutdoingsomethingbrave?
A.Womenaremorelikelytodosomethingbravethanmenare.
B.Doingsomethingbravemakesadifferenceintheworld.
C.Doingsomethingbraveisthesamethingasdoingsomethingunusual.
D.Whataherodoesistakingrisks.
7.Fromthisarticle,whatistheveryqualitythatpeopleadmireinothers?
A.Honesty.B.Beauty.C.Shyness.D.Humor.
8.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?
A.Heroesarepeoplewhomakeapositivedifferenceintheworldthroughtheiractions.
B.SallyRidewasanastronaut,aneducator,andthefirstAmericanwomantogointospace.
C.Honesty,compassion,andresponsibilityaresomeofthequalitiesthatcanmakeupaperson'scharacter.
D.YueFeiremainsoneofthemostheroicfiguresinChinesehistory.
【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A8.A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文,講述了英雄是那些通過自己的行動對世界產(chǎn)生積極影響的人。
4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的最后一句"Theymakeapositivedifferenceintheworld”可知,英雄對世界有
積極的影響。故選C。
5.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Intheireverydaylives,they…admiretheircharacter.“可知,在日常生活中,
他們的行為舉止令人欽佩。選項意思分別為:lookafter照顧;lookfor尋找;lookforwardto盼望;lookupto
尊敬、欽佩。故選D。
6.段落大意題。第三段主要講的是做一些勇敢的事情會讓世界有所不同。故選B。
7.態(tài)度觀點題。通讀全文并結(jié)合選項可知,人們欣賞有誠實品質(zhì)的人。選項意思分別為:honesty誠實;beauty
美麗;shyness害羞;humor幽默。故選A。
8.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文講述了英雄是那些通過自己的行動對世界產(chǎn)生積極影響的人。故選A。
(2023?陜西西安?校考模擬預(yù)測)
Thinkaboutthatifyouarecriticized(撲匕評)fordoingsomethingwrong,howwouldyoufeel?
Muchlikeartiststurnsomethinguselessintosomethinguseful,youcanlearntogetsomeusefulexperience
fromcriticism.
Formostofus,themistakeistoconsidercriticismasabadthing.Thatleadsustocloseourmindsandlooks
downuponwhatotherssaid.Buttheproblemisthatthetruthisoftenhiddenbehindit.Nomatterhowsmartyou
areandhowhardyouwork,thereisalwaysroomforyoutoimprove.
Somecriticismmaybewrong.Buteveninthesecases,ifsvaluablebecauseithelpsyouseeyouractions
throughanotherpoint.Learningfromsuchcriticismrequirestheabilitytomakefeelingsworkforyou,insteadof
beingagainstwithyou.Youcanturnnegativefeedback(負(fù)面回饋)intosomethingusefulbyaskingyourselfthe
followingquestions:
?Puttingmypersonalfeelingsaside,whatcanIlearnfromthisperson'scriticism?
?HowcanIusethisfeedbacktohelpmeimprove?
Whenyouseethecriticismasanopportunityforgrowth,itcanhelpyoutoimproveyourideasgreatly.It's
nevergoodtohearthatyouarewrong.Whenyoudoeverything,rememberthis:praiseisnice.Butit'sthepeople
whotellyouthetruththatmakeyoubetter.It'stheoneswhochallengeyouthatwillmakeyougrow.
9.Howdidthewriterstartthepassage?
A.Bylistingafact.B.Bytellingastory.C.Byaskingaquestion.D.Bygivingareason.
10.Whyissomewrongcriticismvaluable?
A.Becauseitcanhelpustorealizehowsmartweare.
B.Becausewecangetsomeusefulexperiencefromit.
C.Becauseitcanhelpustoseeouractionsinanotherway.
D.Becauseitcanleadsustocloseourminds.
11.Whafsthewriter'sopiniononcriticism?
A.Hethinksweshouldconsideritasanopportunityforgrowth.
B.Hethinksitisabadthing.
C.Hethinksallthecriticismiswrong.
D.Hethinkswecanhardlyturnitintosomethinguseful.
【答案】9.C10.C11.A
【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了如何正確看待批評,從中獲得有用的經(jīng)驗。
9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Thinkaboutthatifyouarecriticized(批評)fordoingsomethingwrong,howwould
youfeel?”可知,作者是通過設(shè)問引出文章的話題。故選C。
10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段"it,svaluablebecauseithelpsyouseeyouractionsthroughanotherpoint.”可知,
是因為它可以幫助我們以另一種方式看待自己的行為。故選Co
11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Butifsthepeoplewhotellyouthetruththatmakeyoubetter.Ifstheoneswho
challengeyouthatwillmakeyougrow.”可知,作者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該把批評看作是一個成長的機會。故選A。
(2023?重慶沙坪壩?重慶南開中學(xué)??级#?/p>
Doestheuniversityyouattendorthemajor(專業(yè))youchoosedecideyoursuccessinthefuture?Accordingto
arecentsurvey,48.6%ofthepeoplebelievethattheuniversityplaysanimportantroleinshapingtheirfuture.But
33.8%ofthepeoplethinkone'smajorismoreimportant.
FuXiisastudentatPekingUniversity,oneofthetopuniversitiesinChina.Hethinkshisuniversitydoes
bringmanyunseenadvantages.6tIfIhadnoacademic(學(xué)術(shù)的)trainingorexperiencesofdifferentclubsincollege,
Iwouldn'thavesuccessfullygotmyfirstinternship(實習(xí))inaleadingbank,^^FutoldthereporterfromChina
YouthDaily.Asforhim,studentscouldimprovetheirabilitiesthroughinternshipsoracademicactivitiestomake
themselvesreadyforajoborfurtherstudies,nomatterwhichmajortheychoose.
However,ChenYufei,20yearsold,whostudiesJapaneseatTianjinUniversity,doesn'tthinkso.▲After
gettinglowerscoresthanexpectedinGaokao,Chenlostthechancetostudyherfavoritemajor-Chinese.
“HavingnointerestinJapanese,IfeltunhappywhentakingJapaneseclassesinthefirstyear,“Chensaid.Later,she
hadproblemsinfindingherdreamjob."Differentmajorswillleadtodifferentjobswhichfinallyleadtodifferent
incomes(收入),“Chenadded.ShethinksthatevenstudentswhomajorinJapaneseatwell-knownuniversitieswill
mostprobablymakelessmoneythanthosewhomajorincomputerscience.
Boththeuniversityandone'smajorareimportant,buttheydon'tnecessarilydecideyourlife,accordingto
ChuZhaohui,aprofessionalresearcheroftheNationalInstituteofEducationSciences."Forstudents,personal
developmentiscloselyconnectedwiththeirperformanceintheuniversity,Chusaid.
12.FromParagraph2,weknowthat.
A.FuXiisreallythankfultohisuniversity
B.FuXidoesn'tenjoyworkinginaleadingbank
C.FuXicansucceed,nomatterwhatuniversityhechooses
D.FuXidislikeshismajor,buthetriestoimprovehisabilities
13.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputinthe▲?
A.ShebelievessheshouldstudycomputerscienceinsteadofJapanese.
B.Shebelievesbothuniversityandmajorarethekeytoone'ssuccess.
C.Shebelievesthatarightmajorhasmuchmoreweightthanagooduniversity.
D.Shebelieveswhateveryourmajoris,youmuststudyhard.
14.Inthelastparagraph,ChuZhaohui'swordsarementionedto.
A.teachstudentshowtochooseagoodmajoranduniversity
B.showwhatstudentsthinkaboutthesurveyisreasonable
C.tellstudentsthatone'sfuturedependsonhismajoranduniversity
D.advisestudentstopaymoreattentiontowhattheydointheuniversity
15.Thewriterdevelopsthewholepassageby.
A.tellingstoriesB.listingnumbersC.raisingquestionsD.sharingopinions
【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文,作者就上大學(xué)時,學(xué)校和專業(yè)哪一個更重要分享了不同人的觀點。
12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文“Hethinkshisuniversitydoesbringmanyunseenadvantages”可知,北京大學(xué)為FuXi
帶來了許多隱形優(yōu)勢,所以他對學(xué)校很是感激。故選A。
13.詞句猜測題。感激下文"ShethinksthatevenstudentswhomajorinJapaneseatwell-knownuniversitieswill
mostprobablymakelessmoneythanthosewhomajorincomputerscience”可知,ChenYufei認(rèn)為所學(xué)的專業(yè)比
大學(xué)學(xué)校的名氣更重要。C選項“她認(rèn)為,一個合適的專業(yè)比一所好大學(xué)更有分量”符合語境,故選C。
14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文“Forstudents,personaldevelopmentiscloselyconnectedwiththeirperformanceinthe
university”可知,文中列出ChuZhaohui的話是建議學(xué)生們要更加注重他們在大學(xué)里所做的表現(xiàn)。故選D。
15.主旨大意題。本文是一篇議論文,作者就上大學(xué)時,學(xué)校和專業(yè)哪一個更重要分享了不同人的觀點。
故選Do
(2023?四川瀘州?統(tǒng)考二模)
Socialmediaisoneofthefastest-growingindustriesintheworldtoday.Astudycarriedoutbythe
PewResearchCentershowedthat92percentofteenagersgoonlinedaily.Thewideuseofsocialmediahaschanged
nearlyallpartsofteenagerslives.
Changingrelationships:
HighschoolstudentEllyCooperfromIllinoissaidsocialmediaoftenreducesface-to-facecommunication.4tIt
makesin-personrelationshipsharderbecausepeoplegiveattentiontotheirphonesinsteadoftheirboyfriendsor
girlfriends,9,Coopersaid.Yet,somepeoplebelievesocialmediahasmadeiteasiertostartrelationshipswith
anyonefromanywhere.BethKaplanfromIllinoismetherlong-distancefriendthroughsocialmedia.Nowhelives
inScotland,butthey5restilloftenabletocommunicatewitheachother."IcanfeelclosetosomeonethatI'm
talkingtobyFaceTime,“Kaplansaid.
Wantingtobe“l(fā)iked”:
Theriseofsocialmediahaschangedthewayteenagersseethemselves.The19-year-oldEssenaO'Neill
announcedonthesocialnetworkingserviceInstagramthatshehadstoppedusingsocialmedia.Shethoughtshehad
gottenlostinappearingperfectonline.Negativecommentscanalsododamagetoateenagerself-esteem(自尊).
Teenagerswhogetnegativecommentscan'thelpbutfeelhurt.Inparticular,somesocialmediaappssuchasYik
Yakmayprovideopportunitiesforcyberbullying(網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌).
Openingnewdoors:
However,ArminKorsos,astudentfromIllinois,takesadvantageofthecommentshereceivesoversocial
mediatoimprovehisvideosonthesocialnetworkingsiteYouTube."Socialmediacanhelppeopleshow
themselvesandtheirtalentstotheworldinawaythatwasneverpossiblebefore,Korsossaid.
ButKorsosrealizesthatsocialmediahasbecomeadistraction(讓人分心的事).“Socialmediaisnotall
necessary,thoughithelpspeopleconnectwiththeirfriendsandknoweachotherwellanytime.^^
16.Howdoessocialmediachangerelationships,accordingtothearticle?
A.Itpushespeopletomeettheirfriendsmoreoftenoffline.
B.Itencouragespeopletopaymoreattentiontothosearoundthem.
C.Itenablesuserstounderstandcorrectlywhatothersaretalkingaboutonline.
D.Itallowspeopletokeepintouchwiththeirfriendswholivefarawaymoreeasily.
17.Theunderlinedword"comments“meansinthepassage.
A.opinionsB.suggestionsC.conversationsD.orders
18.WhatdoesEssenaO'Neillthinkofsocialmedia?
A.Itdevelopsherconfidence.
B.Ithelpshermakefriends.
C.Ithurtsherseriously.
D.ItmakeshertiredofusingsocialmediaappYikYak.
19.WhichstatementabouttheuseofsocialmediawouldArminKorsosprobablyagreewith?
A.Usingsocialmediacanonlygetnegativecomments.
B.Usingsocialmediacanonlyreduceface-to-facecommunication.
C.Usingsocialmediaisnecessarybecauseitcanhelpknowfriendswellanytime.
D.Socialmediacancreateopportunitiesforteenagerstodevelopthemselves.
20.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?
A.Themajorproblemswithsocialmedia.
B.Socialmedia'sinfluenceonteenagers.
C.Howteenagersbenefit(受益)fromsocialmedia.
D.Whysocialmediaattractssomanyteenagers.
【答案】16.D17.A18.C19.D20.B
【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了社交媒體對青少年的影響。
16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Yet,somepeoplebelievesocialmediahasmadeiteasiertostartrelationshipswith
anyonefromanywhere.BethKaplanfromIllinoismetherlong-distancefriendthroughsocialmedia.Nowhelives
inScotland,butthey'restilloftenabletocommunicatewitheachother.”可知人們相隔遙遠(yuǎn)也可以通過方便的社
交軟件得到聯(lián)系。故選D。
17.詞義猜測題。止匕句"Negativecommentscanalsododamagetoateenagerself-esteem(自尊).Teenagerswhoget
negativecommentscan'thelpbutfeelhurt.”句意為“負(fù)面評論也會損害青少年的自尊。受到負(fù)面評價的青少年
會不由自主地感到受傷。”由此可知,下劃線單詞“comments”意為“評價”。故選A。
18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“The19-year-oldEssenaO'Neillannouncedonthesocialnetworkingservice
Instagramthatshehadstoppedusingsocialmedia.Shethoughtshehadgottenlostinappearingperfectonline.“可
知她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己過度沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)。故選C。
19.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段"Socialmediacanhelppeopleshowthemselvesandtheirtalentstotheworldina
waythatwasneverpossiblebefbre”可知Korsos認(rèn)為,合理正確的使用了社交媒介能夠?qū)η嗌倌暧泻艽蟮暮?/p>
處,可以向他人展示才華。故選D。
20.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Socialmediaisoneofthefastest-growingindustriesintheworldtoday...Thewide
useofsocialmediahaschangednearlyallpartsofteenagerslives.“可知,社交媒體是當(dāng)今世界上發(fā)展最快的行
業(yè)之一,社交媒體的廣泛傳播改變了青少年生活的幾乎所有部分,主要從三個方面的改變進(jìn)行說明。由此
可知,本文的主題是社交媒體對青少年的影響。故選B。
(2023?安徽宿州?統(tǒng)考二模)
HuangYu'sbelovedcatDasuandied.Huangwasquitesad.But66dayslater,Dasuan“comeback”.Huanggot
anewcatthatlooksalmostthesameasDasuanthankstocloning(克?。﹖echnology.
DasuanisChina?sfirstclonedcat.ThecatwasbominsidealabownedbyacompanyinBeijing.Toclonethe
cat,thecompany'sexpertstookcells(細(xì)胞)fromDasuanandcreatedanembryo(胚胎).Thentheyputitintoacat
mother.
Infact,cloningpetsisnotanewthing.In2001,theworld'sfirstclonedcatwasbomintheUS.In2005,the
world'sfirstcloneddogwasbominSouthKorea.Sincecatshaveuniquereproductivefeatures,theyaremore
difficulttoclone.
However,thereareargumentsagainstpetcloning.Thoughtheclonedpetscopythedeadpefsappearance,
theyhavedifferentpersonalities.Thafswhypetownershavedifferentopinionsaboutthis.Somepetloverslike
Huangthinkacloneisagoodreplacementfortheirdeadpets.Butothersworrythathavingthesameappearance
butadifferentpersonalitywillleadtomorepaininthelongrun.Knowingthis,thecompanysaysithopestouseAI
andothertechnologiestomovememoriestoclonedpetsinthefuture.
Moreover,scientiststhinkclonedpetsaren'tashealthyasnaturallybompets.Theymayliveshorterlives.
Someanimalloversthinkcloningpetsisunacceptablebecausealargenumberofhomelessanimalsstillneed
homes.Theysaythereisnoneedtoclone.
21.Howdoesthewriterbeginthetext?
A.Bygivinganexample.B.Bylistingsomenumbers.
C.Byaskingaquestion.D.Byexplainingsomefacts.
22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it”inParagraph2referto(指的是)?
A.Theembryo.B.Thecell.C.Thepet.D.Thecat.
23.Whatisthebesttitle(標(biāo)題)forthetext?
A.Thefirstclonedcat.B.Abelovedpetcat.
C.Howtoclonepets?D.Shouldweclonepets?
【答案】21.A22.A23.D
【導(dǎo)語】本文講述了克隆寵物的事情,以及人們對克隆寵物的不同看法。
21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“HuangYh'sbelovedcatDasuandied.Huangwasquitesad.But66dayslater,Dasuan'comeback*.
HuanggotanewcatthatlooksalmostthesameasDasuanthankstocloningtechnology.nJ知,作者通過列舉黃雨的例子開始寫文
章,故選A。
22.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Toclonethecat,thecompany'sexpertstookcellsfromDasuanandcreatedanembryo.“可知,是把胚胎植
入貓媽媽體內(nèi),所以it指代“胚胎”,故選A。
23.最佳標(biāo)題題。本文主要講述了克隆寵物的事情,以及人們對克隆寵物的不同看法,所以選項D“我們應(yīng)該克隆寵物嗎?”
適合做標(biāo)題,故選D。
(2023?江西九江?統(tǒng)考二模)
ChinaandWesterncountriesmayhavedifferentculturalbeliefsaboutcertainanimals,butwhenitcomesto
pigs,wehavesomehowreachedanagreement-thatpigsareugly,lazy,stupidandshameless.
Justlookattheidioms(習(xí)語)andphrasesinourlanguages.InChinese,wehavethelikesof“boilingadead
pig”,and"apiglookinginthemirrorisstillapig”.AndinEnglish,thereareidiomssuchas"eatinglikeapig”and
""sweatinglikeapig”.Noneofthemareaboutthegoodones.
Infact,sciencelongagoprovedthatpigsaren'tstupidatall.Accordingtoapaperpublishedin2017inthe
InternationalJournalofComparativePsychology,pigsare"mentallyandsociallysimilartodogsandchimpanzees^^.
Theyliketoplay.Theyhavegoodlong-termmemories.Andtheyknowthedifferencebetweenthosewhotreat
themwellandthosewhodon't.
Therearelovablepigcharactersincartoons,too.PeppaPig,forexample,aUKtelevisionseriesthatbeganin
2004,hasnowbecomeoneofthemostpopularcartoonsin180countriesandregions.Thefourmembersinthe
cartoon'spigfamilyteachchildrenfromallaroundtheworldaboutlove,friendshipandthevalueoffamily.Andin
China,theadventuresofMcDullshowthestoryofapigletwhoworkshardforhisdreams.Eventhoughhekeeps
failing,heisneverdefeated.
“Peopleareputtingtoomuchfocusonefficiency(效率)andimmediateresults,butMcDullisslowandpatient,
andnotafraidofrepeatedfailures,9,saidMcDull'screatorBrianTsewhenshewaspromotingthefilmMcDull,
KungFuDingDingDonginBeijing.uHehasaheartofgold."Perhapsthesearethequalitiesofpigstokeepin
mindwhenwethinkofpigsagain-theirintelligence,cuteness,patienceandinnocence(純真).
24.WhichisNOTthecommonbeliefthatChinaandWesterncountriesmayhaveaboutpigs?
A.Ugly.B.Lovely.C.Lazy.D.Stupid.
25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"inthesecondparagraphreferto?
A.theidiomsB.somepigsC.certaincartoonsD.allpigcharacters
26.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Pigshavegoodshort-termmemories.
B.McDullputstoomuchfocusonefficiency.
C.PeppaPigteachespeopleaboutlove,friendshipandthevalueoffamily.
D.McDull,KungFuDingDingDongisapopulartelevisionseriesthatbeganin2004.
27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“defeated"inParagraph4mean?
A.succeededB.beatenC.achievedD.challenged
28.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthispassage?
A.Tointroducetwointerestingcartoonsaboutpigs.
B.Toprovethatpigsareugly,lazy,stupidandshameless.
C.Toshowpigscanbeintelligent,cute,patientandinnocent.
D.TosharedifferentbeliefsaboutpigsinChinaandWesterncountries.
【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.B28.C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了“小豬佩奇”和“麥兜”等影片打破了對豬的刻板印象,描述了豬
的一些美好特性。
24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“butwhenitcomestopigs,wehavesomehowreachedanagreement-thatpigsareugly,
lazy,stupidandshameless.”可知,中國和西方對于豬的印象都是丑陋、懶惰、愚蠢和無恥,沒有提及可愛,
故選Bo
25.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)"Justlookattheidioms(習(xí)in)andphrasesinourlang
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