2025年中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)課件詞匯猜測(cè)題

詞匯猜測(cè)題授課人：希希CONTENTS構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義01語境法猜測(cè)詞義習(xí)題練習(xí)030201構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義Whatis詞匯猜測(cè)題？詞匯猜測(cè)題考察考生通過上下文線索理解文中單詞、短語或句子能力。它的正確選項(xiàng)必然能夠與所考察的單詞、短語或句子替換。常見提問方式：Theunderlinedword“…”refersto/means/stands

for？.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceof/bereplacedbytheword“…”?Whatisthemeaningof“…”asthewordsareusedinthetext?Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheword“…”?一、構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義派生法：前綴或后綴合成法：兩個(gè)單詞合成一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)化法：一詞多義常見的前綴和后綴有：inter-(在…之間,相互)dis-(不,無,相反)

-(i)fy(使得，變成）mini-(迷你的,微小的)anti-(反對(duì))

micro-（微小的）re-（再，反復(fù)）mis-（誤，惡）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，無）-wards(向)

en-/-en置于之中,賦予；使Canyouguesstherightmeanings?interpersonaldisconnectmispronouceanti-ageingnonsmokersleep-walksaddensolidify人與人之間的，人際的

斷開，切斷

發(fā)錯(cuò)音

抗衰老的不抽煙的人夢(mèng)游使悲傷使固化，使凝固E.g.:Itisimportantforpeopletodosportsregularly.Exercisebuildsmuscle.Butitalsostrengthensbones.

Q:Theunderlinedword“strengthen”probablymeans“_____”.A.購(gòu)買 B.增強(qiáng) C.培訓(xùn) D.轉(zhuǎn)變Tip:根據(jù)單詞strength的意義“力量”及-en動(dòng)詞后綴，可以猜測(cè)該詞意義為增強(qiáng)。strong-strength-en:動(dòng)詞詞綴：加強(qiáng)strengthen加強(qiáng)解題技巧：抓、定、查構(gòu)詞法：根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法、合成詞等知識(shí)猜詞義。E.g.:Whalesdieinplasticfishingnets.Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticbottlecaps.Itendangersoceanlife.Q:Theunderlinedword“endangers”probablymeans________.A.brings B.loses C.saves D.harms實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：構(gòu)詞法：根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法、合成詞等知識(shí)猜詞義。詞類：生詞。Tip:根據(jù)詞根danger的意義“危險(xiǎn)”和詞綴en-的意義為加強(qiáng)，可以推理出該詞意為使遭受危險(xiǎn)，故選擇harms。02語境法猜測(cè)詞義二、語境法猜測(cè)詞義（常用）通過運(yùn)用語篇分析推測(cè)詞義，即通過上下文的邏輯關(guān)系來推測(cè)詞義。常用方法：1.定義法2.對(duì)比法3.相似法4.因果法5.例舉法6.上下文1.Definition定義法：一般通過定義、定語(從句)或同位語(從句)來確定詞義。e.g.①:Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.

(adj.易碎的,脆的)②Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout6,500yuanayear.

(n.牧羊人)表定義常見詞匯及短語及手段：becalled,beknown,bedefinedas,constitute,referto等詞匯或冒號(hào)，括號(hào)，破折號(hào)等。表解釋常見詞匯及短語及手段：or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway等引出一些解釋性的短語或句子。E.g.:Therewasalsoakindofclotheshorsethatweusedtohangallourclotheson.

Q:Theunderlinedword“clotheshorse”heremeans______.A.晾衣架 B.馬的衣服C.晾衣桿 D.衣架Tip:根據(jù)后文釋義可以得知為晾衣架。解題技巧：抓、定、查上下文-定義法：利用前后句表達(dá)該詞的詞語、句子定義部分。定語從句：解釋作用表示對(duì)比的詞有:but,yet,while,however,otherwise,ontheotherhand,,incontrast,onthecontrary,inspiteof,instead等。2.Contrast對(duì)比法：利用文中的反義詞以及表對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞（組）猜測(cè)詞義。①M(fèi)ostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.(v.不同意)②Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyTip:根據(jù)后句的but和boom可以得知其與rare成反義詞，故選unusual。解題技巧：抓、定、查but轉(zhuǎn)折rare-boomE.g.:Nowadays,voiceshoppingisrare.Butmanyscientistspredictaboom(增長(zhǎng))invoiceshoppinginthenearfuture.Q:Theunderlinedword“rare”probablymeans_______.A.unusualB.expensiveC.harmfulD.possible上下文-反義：根據(jù)上下文提供的反義詞或反義關(guān)系來推斷意義。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：上下文-反義：根據(jù)上下文提供的反義詞或反義關(guān)系來推斷意義。詞類：熟詞。Tip:根據(jù)該句前部分even可以了解前后句為對(duì)比反義，所以推測(cè)該詞意為閑置的。E.g.:Evenwithpricesforparkinglotsinresidential(住宅的)areasrising,mostoftheirspacesremain

idleduringworkdays.Q:Theunderlinedword“idle”probablymeans________.A.無所事事的 B.閑置的 C.停頓的 D.懶惰的3.Similarity相似法：利用同義詞、近義詞或詞組猜測(cè)詞義。Cleaningupwaterwaysisangigantictask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.巨大的;極大的)Tip:根據(jù)前句的interesting和fun可以得知后句boring和dull對(duì)應(yīng)，故選擇Dboring。解題技巧：抓、定、查interesting-funboring-dullE.g.:Peoplelikeinterestingshowsbecausetheycangetfunfromthem.Peopledon’tlikeboringshowsbecausetheydon’twanttobedull.Q:Theunderlinedword“dull”means“______”inEnglish.A.tired B.angry C.sad D.boring上下文-同義：根據(jù)上下文提供的近義詞或近義關(guān)系來推斷意義。E.g.:IntheancientcityofRome,wevisitedeverymansion,church,theatreandotherpublichalls.Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mansion”meaninChinese?A.建筑物B.地址 C.貨物 D.客戶實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：上下文-同義：根據(jù)上下文提供的近義詞或近義關(guān)系來推斷意義。詞類：生詞。Tip:根據(jù)該句church，theatre和public

halls等可以推理出他們參觀了各個(gè)場(chǎng)所，和選項(xiàng)A建筑物為近義關(guān)系。Tip:根據(jù)后面的causealotofproblems可知是不好的事情，故選擇病毒。解題技巧：抓、定、查virus-problemE.g.:Sometimesarobotcatchesvirusesandcausesalotofproblems.Q:Theunderlinedword“viruses”refersto______.A.病毒 B.主人 C.未來 D.理想上下文-語境：根據(jù)上下文語義進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。4.CauseandEffect因果法：從原因推測(cè)結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推測(cè)原因。

①Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.

②Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossed

inherreading.

(adj.貧窮的,窮困的)

adj.全神貫注的，聚精會(huì)神的，專心致志的因果關(guān)系常見詞匯及短語：since,as,for,because,dueto,owingto,forthereasonthat,resultfrom,resultin,so,therefore,thus,consequently等。...There

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selfish

desire.B5.Example例舉法：利用文中的舉例猜測(cè)詞義。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandtelevisions.(n.電器用具)常見的舉例的提示詞有:forinstance,forexample,suchas,like等。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：上下文-定義法：利用前后句表達(dá)該詞的詞語、句子定義部分。詞類：生詞。Tip:根據(jù)該段最后一句說明90%人傾向于后買本土產(chǎn)品，可以推測(cè)該詞意為偏愛。E.g.:YoungChinesebuyersareshowinga“homebrandbias”.Morethan90%ofyoungChinesebuyerswouldprefertobuybrandslikeHUAWEIandXiaomi.Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bias”mean?A.產(chǎn)品 B.時(shí)尚 C.偏愛 D.鄙視Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.

…Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunist”,theauthormeanstosaythatlions____.

A.arecruelanimals

B.arecleveranimals

C.liketotakeadvantageofotheranimals

D.liketotakeeverychancetoeat6.Context上下文：利用語境及前后的提示來猜測(cè)詞義。猜代詞的含義多用詞法實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：上下文-語境：根據(jù)上下文語義進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。詞類：熟詞。Tip:根據(jù)該段前部分可以了解到董卿收到了主持詩詞大會(huì)的邀請(qǐng)，因此推理出于對(duì)詩歌的熱愛，她接受了邀請(qǐng)。E.g.:In2015,DongreceivedaninvitationfromthedirectorofChinesePoetryCongressaskinghertobethehostess.Becauseofherpassionforpoems,Dongacceptedthejob.Q:Theunderlinedword“passion”probablymeans_______.A.熱愛B.幸福 C.驚喜D.自信Tip:根據(jù)前句可以了解到老年人在駕駛中遇到困難，我們或許可以用技術(shù)幫忙解決問題，address在此處做動(dòng)詞。解題技巧：抓、定、查E.g.:Itishelpingustounderstandwhatthedifficultiesareforolderdriversandhowwemightusetechnologytoaddresstheseproblems.Q:Theunderlinedword“address”refersto______.A.解決 B.地址 C.面臨 D.拋棄上下文-語境：根據(jù)上下文語義進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。Howtosolvedifficulties?實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：上下文-語境：根據(jù)上下文語義進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。詞類：熟詞。Tip:根據(jù)動(dòng)詞receive可以得知這里的share做名詞，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中的分享，可以推出為轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，故選D。E.g.:Theposthasgainedtheattentionofsocialmediausersallovertheworld,receivingmorethan184,000sharesinjustthreedays.Q:Theunderlinedword“shares”probablymeans_______.A.共享 B.點(diǎn)贊 C.評(píng)論 D.轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)指代對(duì)應(yīng)：常見：it,that,he,itself,these,those,they,them注意：往前后句找指代，一般距離不遠(yuǎn)Tip:根據(jù)后面的keptonboard可以得知是把盒子存放在船上，故選擇thebox。解題技巧：抓、定、查E.g.:Thosesailorswhowantedtoensureasafereturnwoulddropmoneyintothebox.Itwaskeptonboarduntiltheshipcamehomesafely.Q:Theunderlinedword“it”refersto______.A.sailorsB.asafereturn C.money D.thebox上下文-語境：根據(jù)上下文語義進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：上下文-語境：根據(jù)上下文語義進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。詞類：代詞。Tip:根據(jù)該段but可以了解孔子的想法是人人都可以上學(xué)接受教育。E.g.:Atthattimeonlychildrenfromnoble(貴族的)familiescouldgotoschool,butConfuciusbelievedeveryoneshouldgotoscho