廣東省廣州市越秀區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題【含答案解析】

2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期學(xué)業(yè)水平調(diào)研測(cè)試高二年級(jí)英語(yǔ)試卷本試卷共11頁(yè)，滿分120分。建議考試用時(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、試室號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上，并用2B鉛筆填涂答題卡上的相應(yīng)位置。因筆試不考聽(tīng)力，選擇題從第二部分的“閱讀”開(kāi)始，試題序號(hào)從“21”開(kāi)始。2.作答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)的相應(yīng)位置上；如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫(xiě)上新答案；不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆、圓珠筆或涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無(wú)效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔；考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheFourBestWhaleWatchingToursNearSeattleThewateroffthenorthwesterncoastofWashingtonaffordsplentyofopportunitiestoseeawiderangeofwhales.Thefollowingtourswilltakeyoutotheidealviewinglocations.WesternPrinceWhale&WildlifeToursTheSanJuanIslandsaffordopportunitiestoseeavarietyofwhalespecies,includingorcas,humpbacksandminkes.Auniquecharacteristicofthistourboatisthatit’spoweredbylow-soundwaterjets.Ticketsare$149foradultsand$139forkidsaged7to12.Thistourisnotrecommendedforkidsyoungerthan6,orthosewithbackorneckinjuries.CrystalSeasKayakingRatherthanusingmotorizedboats,thistourhaswhalewatcherstakekayaksinperson.Pastparticipantsdescribetheselightweightboatsasentertaining.Nopriorboatingexperienceisnecessary.Ticketsstartat$125forthree-hourandsunsettoursand$219forfull-daytourslastingsevenhours.Thepriceincludesuseofallkayakingequipment,aswellasround-triptransportation.Maya’sLegacyWhaleWatchingMaya’sLegacyWhaleWatchingisidealfornaturelovers,asthecompanytakesa“wholeecosystemapproach”toitsoutings.Toursvaryinlengthandarepricedaccordingly,startingat$149forthree-hourtours.$199forfour-hourtoursand$299forfull-daytrips.Thetourspecializesinsmall-groupoutings;thenumberofparticipantsmayrangefrom6to16.PugetSoundExpressDepartingfromEdmonds,theseboatridestakepassengerstotheSanJuanIslandstoseethewhalesandotherseacreatures.Theboatsfeatureindoorseatingandoutdoorviewingdecks,aswellasacafethatsellssnacks.Thesetripsaresuitableforallages;ticketsstartat$145foradultsand$105forchildrenaged2to10(babiesfreeofcharge).1.Whichofthefollowingtoursoffersvisitorsachancetorowtheboatbythemselves?A.PugetSoundExpress. B.CrystalSeasKayaking.C.Maya’sLegacyWhaleWatching. D.WesternPrinceWhale&WildlifeTours.2.Howmuchshouldacouplewithakidaged5andababypayforPugetSoundExpress?A.$250. B.$355. C.$395. D.$500.3.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Atraveljournal.C.Atextbook. D.Areferencebook.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了西雅圖附近四個(gè)觀鯨旅游項(xiàng)目，提供了詳細(xì)的價(jià)格、特點(diǎn)和適合人群等信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CrystalSeasKayaking部分的“Ratherthanusingmotorizedboats,thistourhaswhalewatcherstakekayaksinperson.(與使用機(jī)動(dòng)船不同，這個(gè)旅游項(xiàng)目讓觀鯨者親自劃皮劃艇。)”可知，CrystalSeasKayaking之旅為游客提供了一個(gè)自己劃船的機(jī)會(huì)。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PugetSoundExpress部分的“Thesetripsaresuitableforallages;ticketsstartat$145foradultsand$105forchildrenaged2to10(babiesfreeofcharge).(這些旅行適合所有年齡段；成人票價(jià)為145美元，2至10歲兒童票價(jià)為105美元，嬰兒免費(fèi)。)”可知，一對(duì)夫婦帶一個(gè)5歲孩子和嬰兒的總費(fèi)用是395美元（=145+145+105）。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“ThewateroffthenorthwesterncoastofWashingtonaffordsplentyofopportunitiestoseeawiderangeofwhales.Thefollowingtourswilltakeyoutotheidealviewinglocations.(華盛頓州西北海岸的水域提供了大量觀賞多種鯨魚(yú)的機(jī)會(huì)。以下旅游項(xiàng)目將帶您前往理想的觀鯨地點(diǎn)。)”可知，文章介紹了西雅圖附近四個(gè)觀鯨旅游項(xiàng)目，提供了詳細(xì)的價(jià)格、特點(diǎn)和適合人群等信息，符合旅游指南類(lèi)書(shū)籍的特點(diǎn)。因此，文章最可能來(lái)自一本指南書(shū)。故選A項(xiàng)。BTheChineseoldsaying“goodmedicinetastesbitter”maynolongerholdinthecountrywhereitwasbornandbelieved.XiLinjie,a20-year-oldcollegestudent,soughthelpfortirednessataTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)hospitalinChongqingandwaspleasantlysurprisedbyacupofsweetmilktea.“ThemilkteaisfilledwithTCMingredients,yetittastesdelightful.It’slesssweetthanregularmilkteaandhasaslightherbalfragrance(香味),”shesays.“Mostimportantly,it’sbeneficialtohealth.”ThisnewmilkteaisinventedbythenutritiondepartmentofChongqingJiangbeiHospitalofTCM.Since2023,thehospitalhasmixedTCMprocessingtechniqueswithcontemporaryfoodproductiontoattractyoungergeneration.“Milkteaisafavoriteamongyoungpeople.WehopeitcanactasabridgeforthemtogainmoreknowledgeaboutTCMandgraduallyacceptit,”saysLiaoChangying,directorofthehospital’snutritiondepartment.Shenotesthatalmosteveryonewhotriedthemilkteasharedthespecialexperiencewiththeirfamilyandfriends.Thehospitalhasemployedvariousmoderntechnologiestomaximize(最大化)theeffectofTCMwhileimprovingthetaste.“BehindtheTCMmilkteaarenumerousexperimentsandimprovements.ItrepresentstheintegrationofTCM,modernmedicine,nutritionandmore.Ourgoalistohelppeoplepreventandmanagediseaseswhileenjoyingdeliciousfoodanddrinks,”Liaoexplains.TheTCMmilkteaproveshowtraditionalmedicineisappealingtotheyoungergenerationinanapproachablemanner.Liaoispleasedtoseemanyyoungvisitorsseekingprofessionalhealthadviceonphysicalconditioning.“Overhalfofthevisitorsareyoungpeopleinterestedinhealthconsultations(咨詢)forbodyconditioning,whichindicatesthattheyoungergenerationhasconfidenceinTCM,”Liaosays.ShealsosuggestedthatmoreeffortsshouldbemadetointegrateTCMwithotherfieldsthatinterestyoungpeople,adding,“TCMisbecominganewtrendamongtheyouth”.4.AccordingtoXiLinjiewhatmakesthenewmilkteasospecial?A.Itsbittertaste. B.Itsstrongfragrance.C.Itsspecialmilk. D.Itshealtheffect.5.FromLiaoChangying’sangle,whatdoessheexpectthenewmilkteatofunction?A.ToattracttheyoungergenerationtostudyTCM.B.ToprovideaspecialdrinkingexperiencewithTCM.C.ToimprovemodernproductiontechniquesofTCM.D.TohelptheyounggainadeeperinsightintoTCM.6.WhatdoesLiaowanttostressinParagraph4?A.Theeffortsofmakingthenewmilktea. B.Thesignificanceofthenewmilktea.C.Theprocessormakingthenewmilktea. D.Theprospectsofthenewmilktea.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.TCMGainsGrowingPopularity. B.TCMMeetsModernMilkTea.C.NewMilkTeaSavestheYoung. D.ModernMilkTeaPromotesHealth.【答案】4.D5.D6.B7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了中醫(yī)和現(xiàn)代奶茶相結(jié)合的新趨勢(shì)，以及這種結(jié)合如何吸引年輕人并讓他們逐漸接受中藥?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中““ThemilkteaisfilledwithTCMingredients,yetittastesdelightful.It’slesssweetthanregularmilkteaandhasaslightherbalfragrance(香味),”shesays.“Mostimportantly,it’sbeneficialtohealth.”(“這款奶茶充滿了中藥成分，但味道很好。它沒(méi)有普通奶茶那么甜，而且有淡淡的草藥香味?！彼f(shuō)?！白钪匾氖牵鼘?duì)健康有益?！?”可知，這款新奶茶特別之處在于它對(duì)健康的影響。故選D項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中““Milkteaisafavoriteamongyoungpeople.WehopeitcanactasabridgeforthemtogainmoreknowledgeaboutTCMandgraduallyacceptit,”saysLiaoChangying,directorofthehospital’snutritiondepartment.(“奶茶是年輕人的最?lèi)?ài)。我們希望它能成為一個(gè)橋梁，讓他們獲得更多關(guān)于中醫(yī)的知識(shí)，并逐漸接受它，”醫(yī)院營(yíng)養(yǎng)科主任廖昌英說(shuō)。)”可知，她希望這種新型奶茶幫助年輕人更深入地了解中醫(yī)。故選D項(xiàng)。6題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中“TheTCMmilkteaproveshowtraditionalmedicineisappealingtotheyoungergenerationinanapproachablemanner.(中醫(yī)奶茶證明了傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)是如何以平易近人的方式吸引年輕一代的。)”等內(nèi)容可知，在本段她想強(qiáng)調(diào)新奶茶的意義。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第三段中“ThisnewmilkteaisinventedbythenutritiondepartmentofChongqingJiangbeiHospitalofTCM.Since2023,thehospitalhasmixedTCMprocessingtechniqueswithcontemporaryfoodproductiontoattractyoungergeneration.(這款新型奶茶是由重慶市江北中醫(yī)院營(yíng)養(yǎng)科發(fā)明的。自2023年以來(lái)，該院將中藥加工技術(shù)與現(xiàn)代食品生產(chǎn)相結(jié)合，以吸引年輕一代。)”可知，本文主要講述了中醫(yī)和現(xiàn)代奶茶相結(jié)合的新趨勢(shì)，以及這種結(jié)合如何吸引年輕人并讓他們逐漸接受中藥。B“中醫(yī)與現(xiàn)代奶茶。”符合主題，故選B項(xiàng)。COn11March2021,acollage(拼貼畫(huà))madeupof5,000piecesofdigitalartworkswentonsaleformorethan$69millionandbecametheworld’smostexpensivepieceofdigitalart.Thecollagecombinesvariousstylesandthemes,reflectingtheartist’sdailythoughtsandobservations.Thesalewasmadepossiblethankstonon-fungibletokens(NFTs).NFTisauniquepieceofcodethatactslikeacertificatetoprovetheworkisgenuine,soitcanbeboughtorsoldlikephysicalpaintings.Thesecodesmakesomeonetheofficialownersofthedigitalartwork.In2021,morethan$15.7billionwasspentonNFTs.Isdigitalartthefuture?Accordingtodigitalartists,NFTsrepresentthenextstepinarthistory.Theybelievethatartdevelopsaccordingtothetoolsavailabletothem.Embracing(擁抱)digitalmethodscouldleadtoexcitingnewworksthatwouldneverhavebeenpossibleinthepast.Plus,theartworldcanbeexclusive(排他的),withpaintingsonlyonshowatcertaingalleries.Digitalartgivesmorepeoplethechancetoenjoyart.Italsograbstheattentionofthebuyers.Collectorsofdigitalartworks,aswellasinvestors,havepumpedbillionsofdollarsintoNFT-relatedartworks.Onefamouscollectorsays,“CanNFTsbeabreakthroughintheartmarket?Thatisamostdefiniteyes.Fromstreamingservicestoe-sports,theworldisbecomingmoredigital.Whyshouldartbedifferent?”Hebelievesthatmostbuyersaredrivenbyadmiration,“Artistscanmakebeautifulpiecesontheircomputers.Thesepiecesshouldbeasvaluableasphysicalpaintings.”Foropponents,digitalartsarenothingbutashort-livedfashionandwillneverreplacetherealthing.Arttraditionalistsbelievethateventhoughpeoplecan’ttouchmostartworks,theyaremeanttobeseenupclose.Adigitalartdisplayedonacomputerscreenwillnevermatchtheexperienceofwalkingthroughagallery.Evenworse,thetechnologybehinditisbadfortheenvironment.NFTsrelyonanetworkofcomputersthathavetoberunningatalltimestoprocessinformation.Thisusesupalotofpowerandit’sabigsourceofgreenhousegasemissions,whicharetheprimarycauseofclimatechange.Manycollectorsarealsoconcernedaboutthestability(穩(wěn)定性)ofthevalue,becauseowningalineofcomputercodesisnotthesameasowningapainting.8Whatmakesthesaleofdigitalartworkspossible?A.Thethoughtsandobservations. B.Thehighdemandfordigitalart.C.Theuseofnon-fungibletokens. D.Theartist’sreputationandfame.9.Accordingtothefamouscollector,whywillNFTsbeabreakthroughintheartmarket?A.Moderndigitalmethodswouldleadtomoreexcitingnewworks.B.NFTsprovidepeoplewithmoreopportunitiestoenjoyart.C.Goingdigitalistheunavoidabletrendofthemodernworld.D.Collectorsandinvestorshavepumpedlotsofmoneyinthemarket.10.Whichofthefollowingmighttheopponentsagreewith?A.Digitalartworkswillmakealotofprofitsforgalleries.B.ThepowerthatNFTsrequirewilldoharmtoourplanet.C.Digitalartworksareintendedtobefashionableandstable.D.Digitalart-servesasashort-livedreplacementforrealart.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theworld’smostexpensivepieceofdigitalart.B.CodescalledNFTsthatactlikecertificatesinsale.C.Thefuturethatdigitalartworksaregoingupforsale.D.ThedebatecausedbytheNFT-relatedartworks.【答案】8.C9.C10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了非同質(zhì)化代幣NFTs在數(shù)字藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用及其引發(fā)的爭(zhēng)議，支持者認(rèn)為這是藝術(shù)史上的突破，而反對(duì)者則認(rèn)為其對(duì)環(huán)境有害且無(wú)法取代傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thesalewasmadepossiblethankstonon-fungibletokens(NFTs).NFTisauniquepieceofcodethatactslikeacertificatetoprovetheworkisgenuine,soitcanbeboughtorsoldlikephysicalpaintings.(這次銷(xiāo)售之所以成為可能，得益于非同質(zhì)化代幣(NFTs)。NFT是一種獨(dú)特的代碼，類(lèi)似于證書(shū)，用于證明作品的真實(shí)性，因此它可以像實(shí)體畫(huà)作一樣被買(mǎi)賣(mài))”可知，非同質(zhì)化代幣使得數(shù)字藝術(shù)品的銷(xiāo)售成為可能。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中他所說(shuō)的話“CanNFTsbeabreakthroughintheartmarket?Thatisamostdefiniteyes.Fromstreamingservicestoe-sports,theworldisbecomingmoredigital.Whyshouldartbedifferent?(NFTs能否成為藝術(shù)市場(chǎng)的突破？答案絕對(duì)是肯定的。從流媒體服務(wù)到電子競(jìng)技，世界正變得越來(lái)越數(shù)字化。藝術(shù)為何要與眾不同呢？)”可知，他認(rèn)為NFTs是藝術(shù)市場(chǎng)的一個(gè)突破，是因?yàn)閿?shù)字化是現(xiàn)代世界不可避免的趨勢(shì)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Evenworse,thetechnologybehinditisbadfortheenvironment.NFTsrelyonanetworkofcomputersthathavetoberunningatalltimestoprocessinformation.Thisusesupalotofpowerandit’sabigsourceofgreenhousegasemissions,whicharetheprimarycauseofclimatechange.(更糟糕的是，其背后的技術(shù)對(duì)環(huán)境有害。NFTs依賴(lài)于一個(gè)需要全天候運(yùn)行的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)來(lái)處理信息。這消耗了大量電力，并且是溫室氣體排放的主要來(lái)源，而溫室氣體是氣候變化的主要原因)”可知，非同質(zhì)化代幣依賴(lài)于計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，消耗大量電力，會(huì)加劇氣候變化。因此，反對(duì)者會(huì)同意“NFTs所需的電力將對(duì)我們的星球造成傷害”的觀點(diǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Isdigitalartthefuture?(數(shù)字藝術(shù)是未來(lái)嗎？)”、第二段中“Accordingtodigitalartists,NFTsrepresentthenextstepinarthistory.Theybelievethatartdevelopsaccordingtothetoolsavailabletothem.(根據(jù)數(shù)字藝術(shù)家的觀點(diǎn)，NFTs代表了藝術(shù)史的下一步。他們認(rèn)為，藝術(shù)是根據(jù)他們可用的工具發(fā)展的)”和第三段中“Foropponents,digitalartsarenothingbutashort-livedfashionandwillneverreplacetherealthing.(對(duì)于反對(duì)者來(lái)說(shuō)，數(shù)字藝術(shù)只不過(guò)是一種短暫的風(fēng)潮，永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法取代真正的藝術(shù)品)”可知，文章主要討論了NFT相關(guān)藝術(shù)品引起的爭(zhēng)論，一方面，支持者認(rèn)為NFTs是藝術(shù)史上的下一步，能夠帶來(lái)新的藝術(shù)作品，并且讓更多人有機(jī)會(huì)欣賞藝術(shù)，另一方面，反對(duì)者認(rèn)為數(shù)字藝術(shù)只是短暫的時(shí)尚，無(wú)法取代真正的藝術(shù)品，并且對(duì)環(huán)境有害。故選D項(xiàng)。DA9,300-square-metrefarmwasbuiltontheformersiteofasteelfactory.It’soneofthetenfarmsthathasbeenbuiltacrosscitiesintheUSA-threemoreareinthepipelinebutstilloneyearaway.Withurbanpopulationsexpectedtoincreaseby2.5billionby2050,urbanagriculturecouldhelptofeedourgrowingcities.EnvironmentalscientistDavidandhisworkmateslookedatpreviousstudiesin53countriesinwhichcropsweregrowninarangeofdifferenturbanenvironments,including“grey”spacessuchasrooftops,andusingdifferentgrowingmethods,suchashydroponics(水培法):Theyfoundthatyieldsofurbancropswereoftenthesame,ifnothigher,thanthosefromconventionalfarms.Sometimescity-growncropscanhavehigheryieldsthanconventionalones,andthebenefitsofurbanagriculturegobeyondfood.Oneofthemostmentionedbenefitsofurbanfarmingisareductioninfoodmiles.However,urban-growncropsaren’tautomaticallyamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyoption.Inonestudy,researchersanalyzedthecarbonfootprintofdifferentvegetablesgrowningreenhousesinCanadacomparedtoimportingvegetablesfromtheUSA.“Inthatexample,itwaslesscarbon-intensive(炭密集的)toimportthecropsbecauseofthehighenergyinputrequiredtogrowthemlocallyingreenhouses,”saysDavid.Butthereareotherbenefits.Urbanagriculturehasthepotentialtopromotelocalecosystems,attractingbeesandbirdsthatboosturbanbiodiversity,whileprovidingmoregreenspacestohelpkeepcitiescoolandpreventtheurbanheatislandeffect.Itcouldalsostrengthenourconnectionwithfoodandimprovethepublic’sunderstandingofthenaturalresourcesneededtogrowfreshagriculturalproduct.Moreimportantly,itcouldimproveurbanaccesstofreshfruitandvegetables,andhelpprotectindividualcitiesagainstfoodshocksfromeventssuchascropfailure.“Foodsupplychainscanbevulnerable(脆弱的)toglobalissues,”saysDavid.“Therefore,itisofgreatimportancetobuildastablefoodsupplysystem.Thisrequiresthejointeffortstoensurefoodsupplyandhandletheincreasinglycomplexglobalsituation.”12.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“inthepipeline”inthefirstparagraphmean?A.Inpreparation. B.Underobservation. C.Inorder. D.Underrepair.13.HowdoestheauthordevelopParagraph2?A.Bygivingexamplesandmakingcontrast. B.Bygivingdefinitionandmakingcomparison.C.Bylistingstatisticsandgivingexamples. D.Byanalyzingcauseandgivingdata.14.Whatisoneoftheadvantagesofurbanfarming?A.Itgreatlyimprovesthelocalecosystem.B.Ithelpsresisttheunbanheatislandeffect.C.Itprotectsindividualcitiesandstopscropfailure.D.Itproducesmuchmorefoodandismoreeco-friendly.15.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Theproblemsoffoodsupplychainsareveryserious.B.Peopleshouldworktogethertoreducetheglobalcrisis.C.Governmentsshouldtryeverymeanstoensurefoodsupply.D.Foodsupplychainsmaybeeasilyinfluencedbyglobalissues.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了城市農(nóng)業(yè)的概念、優(yōu)勢(shì)以及其對(duì)未來(lái)城市食物供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)的重要性?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文“It’soneofthetenfarmsthathasbeenbuiltacrosscitiesintheUSA(這是橫跨美國(guó)城市的十個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)之一)”以及后文“stilloneyearaway(還需要一年的時(shí)間)”可知，這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)已經(jīng)建成，另外三個(gè)還在需要一年時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備，推知inthepipeline為“在準(zhǔn)備”之意，和A項(xiàng)意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Withurbanpopulationsexpectedtoincreaseby2.5billionby2050,urbanagriculturecouldhelptofeedourgrowingcities.EnvironmentalscientistDavidandhisworkmateslookedatpreviousstudiesin53countriesinwhichcropsweregrowninarangeofdifferenturbanenvironments,including“grey”spacessuchasrooftops,andusingdifferentgrowingmethods,suchashydroponics(水培法):Theyfoundthatyieldsofurbancropswereoftenthesame,ifnothigher,thanthosefromconventionalfarms.(到2050年，城市人口預(yù)計(jì)將增加25億，城市農(nóng)業(yè)可以幫助養(yǎng)活不斷增長(zhǎng)的城市。環(huán)境科學(xué)家大衛(wèi)和他的同事們查看了之前在53個(gè)國(guó)家進(jìn)行的研究，在這些研究中，作物在一系列不同的城市環(huán)境中種植，包括屋頂?shù)取盎疑笨臻g，并使用不同的種植方法，如水培法。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，城市作物的產(chǎn)量通常與傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的產(chǎn)量相同，甚至更高。)”可知，本段通過(guò)引用統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)（如城市人口增長(zhǎng)預(yù)測(cè)）和舉例（如不同城市環(huán)境中的作物種植）來(lái)展開(kāi)論述。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Butthereareotherbenefits.Urbanagriculturehasthepotentialtopromotelocalecosystems,attractingbeesandbirdsthatboosturbanbiodiversity,whileprovidingmoregreenspacestohelpkeepcitiescoolandpreventtheurbanheatislandeffect.(但還有其他好處。城市農(nóng)業(yè)有潛力促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)，吸引蜜蜂和鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)，促進(jìn)城市生物多樣性，同時(shí)提供更多的綠色空間，幫助保持城市涼爽，防止城市熱島效應(yīng)。)”可知，城市農(nóng)業(yè)的優(yōu)勢(shì)之一是有助于抵御城市熱島效應(yīng)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Foodsupplychainscanbevulnerable(脆弱的)toglobalissues,”saysDavid.“Therefore,itisofgreatimportancetobuildastablefoodsupplysystem.Thisrequiresthejointeffortstoensurefoodsupplyandhandletheincreasinglycomplexglobalsituation.”(“食品供應(yīng)鏈很容易受到全球問(wèn)題的影響，”大衛(wèi)說(shuō)。“因此，建立一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的糧食供應(yīng)體系是非常重要的。這需要雙方共同努力，確保糧食供應(yīng)，應(yīng)對(duì)日益復(fù)雜的全球形勢(shì)。”)”可知，食品供應(yīng)鏈很容易受到全球性問(wèn)題的影響。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Peopleoftenwonderwhysomeentrepreneurs(企業(yè)家)havegreatersuccessthanothers.Isithabits,connections,luck,workrulesoranyotherbehavior?___16___Willpoweristheabilitytocontrolyourself.Itisastrongdeterminationthatallowsyoutodosomethingdifficult.Itisabehaviorwearebornwithmorethanonewelearn;however,itispossibletonotonlylearnit,butalsostrengthenitwithconstantexercise.Willpowerisjustlikeamuscle.___17___Peoplewithagreatamountofwillpowerhavethediscipline(自律)todeveloppositive,successfulhabits.Evenwithalargeamountoftalent,withoutthedisciplineandmotivationtocreatepositivehabits,itcanbedifficulttoachievesuccess.___18___Itisimportanttocreategoodhabitsandtaketheactionsnecessarytosticktothosehabitsdayinanddayoutforgreatersuccess.Almosthalfofourdailyactionsarepartofourhabitsandnotdecisions,sooncethecorrecthabitsareinplace,youwillautomaticallyperformthosetasksonaday-to-daybasis.Thebestwaytocreateandsticktoahabitistohavestrongmotivation.It’seasiertochangeyourhabitstoloseweightifyouhaveahealthissueandyouwanttobearoundlongerforyourkids,orifyourbusinessissomethingyou’repassionateabout.___19___Theartofself-controlisonethatmostsuccessfulpeoplehavemastered.Self-controlenablesyoutoavoidbehaviorsthatdon’tcontributetoyoursuccessandadoptthosethatdo.Becausethereisadelayedsatisfactionassociatedwithself-control,itcanbeeasytogetofftrack.However,ifyouworkonstickingtothosesmallpositivehabitsonedayatatime,itbecomeseasiertostaystrongandachievethatdelayedreward.___20___Plancleargoals,anddevelopthehabitsnecessarytoachievethem.Recognizetheself-controlnecessarytosticktothosehabits.A.Willpowerandhabitsgohandinhand.B.Ibelievethekeytosuccessiswillpower.C.Tokeepitstrongyouneedtoconstantlyexerciseit.D.Aunitedandmotivatedteamcandriveyourbusinessforward.E.Itiseasytolosecontrolandgiveintosomethingthatdoesn’tfollowyourplan.F.Oncearewardisachieved,itismucheasiertocontinuestickingtoyourhabits.G.Havingavaluableoutcomeassociatedwithahabitwillhelpyousticktothathabit.【答案】16.B17.C18.A19.G20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了人們?nèi)〉贸晒Φ年P(guān)鍵是意志力以及如何培養(yǎng)意志力?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Peopleoftenwonderwhysomeentrepreneurs(企業(yè)家)havegreatersuccessthanothers.Isithabits,connections,luck,workrulesoranyotherbehavior?(人們常常想知道為什么有些企業(yè)家比其他人更成功。是習(xí)慣、關(guān)系、運(yùn)氣、工作規(guī)則還是其他行為？)”以及后文“Willpoweristheabilitytocontrolyourself.Itisastrongdeterminationthatallowsyoutodosomethingdifficult.(意志力是一種控制自己的能力。堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的決心能讓你完成困難的事情)”可知，本句承接上文，回答上文提出的問(wèn)題，且提出作者的觀點(diǎn)，即成功的關(guān)鍵是意志力，故B選項(xiàng)“我相信成功的關(guān)鍵是意志力”符合語(yǔ)境，承上啟下。故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Willpowerisjustlikeamuscle.(意志力就像肌肉一樣)”可知，上文把意志力比喻成肌肉，暗示了接下來(lái)要類(lèi)比說(shuō)明意志力如何像肌肉一樣。故C選項(xiàng)“為了保持強(qiáng)壯，你需要經(jīng)常鍛煉它”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。【18題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Itisimportanttocreategoodhabitsandtaketheactionsnecessarytosticktothosehabitsdayinanddayoutforgreatersuccess.Almosthalfofourdailyactionsarepartofourhabitsandnotdecisions,sooncethecorrecthabitsareinplace,youwillautomaticallyperformthosetasksonaday-to-daybasis.(要想取得更大的成功，重要的是要養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)慣，并采取必要的行動(dòng)日復(fù)一日地堅(jiān)持這些習(xí)慣。我們幾乎一半的日常行為是我們習(xí)慣的一部分，而不是我們的決定，所以一旦有了正確的習(xí)慣，你就會(huì)自動(dòng)地在日常的基礎(chǔ)上執(zhí)行這些任務(wù))”可知，本段主要說(shuō)明了習(xí)慣對(duì)于意志力的重要性，以及為了二者之間的關(guān)系。故A選項(xiàng)“意志力和習(xí)慣是相輔相成的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thebestwaytocreateandsticktoahabitistohavestrongmotivation.It’seasiertochangeyourhabitstoloseweightifyouhaveahealthissueandyouwanttobearoundlongerforyourkids,orifyourbusinessissomethingyou’repassionateabout.(養(yǎng)成并堅(jiān)持一種習(xí)慣的最好方法是有強(qiáng)烈的動(dòng)機(jī)。如果你有健康問(wèn)題，你想多陪孩子，或者你對(duì)自己的事業(yè)充滿激情，那么改變你的習(xí)慣來(lái)減肥就更容易了)”可知，上文強(qiáng)調(diào)了動(dòng)機(jī)在養(yǎng)成和堅(jiān)持習(xí)慣中的重要性，故本句進(jìn)一步解釋了為什么強(qiáng)烈的動(dòng)機(jī)有助于堅(jiān)持習(xí)慣，即一個(gè)習(xí)慣如果有一個(gè)有價(jià)值的結(jié)果作為回報(bào)，那么人們就更有可能堅(jiān)持下去，故G選項(xiàng)“有一個(gè)與習(xí)慣相關(guān)的有價(jià)值的結(jié)果會(huì)幫助你堅(jiān)持這個(gè)習(xí)慣”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“However,ifyouworkonstickingtothosesmallpositivehabitsonedayatatime,itbecomeseasiertostaystrongandachievethatdelayedreward.(然而，如果你每天都堅(jiān)持這些積極的小習(xí)慣，保持堅(jiān)強(qiáng)和獲得延遲的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)就會(huì)變得更容易)”可知，上文強(qiáng)調(diào)了堅(jiān)持好習(xí)慣可以獲得回報(bào)，本句承接上一句，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了獲得回報(bào)后堅(jiān)持習(xí)慣會(huì)變得更容易，故F選項(xiàng)“一旦獲得了獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持你的習(xí)慣就容易多了”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。I’moldenoughwhenIrememberonce,ifIneededaphonenumberoranaddress,Idialed“O”andapleasant-voicedoperatoraskedwhatshecoulddoforme.Ialsoremembertravelagents:Youtoldthemwhereyouwantedtogo,andtheyfoundthebestfarewhilemakingadelightful___21___.Butautomation(自動(dòng)化)haschangedalotofthis.Certainly,ithasits___22___.Iamgratefulfor24-hourATMs,the___23___ofgainingknowledgefrommylaptopinthecomfortofmyhome,andacellphonethat___24___performsenormousskillfulservices.ButIalsomissthe___25___withpeoplethatthesedeviceshave___26___.Ifeelbetterjustbecausesomeonetookthetimetowarmthemeeting.SorecentlyIdecidedtoaccomplishmygoalina(an)___27___manner.Ibeganbygoingtothebank.Oneofthestaffrememberedmefromalong-agovisitand___28___mewarm-heartedly.Aftermybusinesswechattedforafewminutes,___29___newsaboutourchildren.Imovedontoafastfoodrestaurant,whereIpassedupthecomputerterminal(終端)infavorof____30____fromasmilingemployee,thesupermarketwhereIwalkedpasttheself-checkoutandwaswelcomedbyacashier,andastopatthepubliclibrarywhereIaskedthelibrariantohelpmefindatitleIcouldhaveeasily____31____bymyselfwithacomputersearch,duringwhich,wehadthemost____32____conversationaboutsomenewbooks.ThateveningIhaddinnerwithafriendandreportedmy____33____toher.Shelistenedattentivelybutdidn’t____34____.ShecommentedthatIcouldhavebanked,shopped,andorderedabookwithmycellphone,anditwouldhavetakenlessthananhour.True,butIwouldhave____35____allthosekindwordsandfriendlysmiles.21.A.claim B.chat C.decision D.speech22.A.advantages B.achievements C.tricks D.accesses23.A.convenience B.significance C.competence D.patience24.A.regularly B.freely C.casually D.reliably25.A.contributions B.expectations C.interactions D.ambitions26.A.grasped B.favored C.interrupted D.replaced27.A.open-minded B.cost-free C.non-digital D.well-informed28.A.praised B.reminded C.trusted D.greeted29.A.searching B.sharing C.offering D.following30.A.paying B.ordering C.waiting D.keeping31.A.transformed B.needed C.located D.consulted32.A.wonderful B.confident C.optimistic D.modest33.A.concern B.assumption C.experiment D.angle34.A.agree B.evaluate C.respond D.hesitate35.A.putup B.givenup C.madeup D.pickedup【答案】21.B22.A23.A24.D25.C26.D27.C28.D29.B30.B31.C32.A33.C34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者懷念過(guò)去與人互動(dòng)的溫暖時(shí)光，盡管現(xiàn)代自動(dòng)化帶來(lái)了便利，但她選擇以非數(shù)字化的方式完成日常事務(wù)，享受與人交流的友好和溫情?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我也記得旅行社的工作人員：你告訴他們你想去的地方，他們會(huì)找到最優(yōu)惠的價(jià)格，同時(shí)和你愉快地聊天。A.claim聲稱(chēng)；B.chat聊天；C.decision決定；D.speech演講。根據(jù)下文“Ifeelbetterjustbecausesomeonetookthetimetowarmthemeeting.”可知，作者懷念有人花時(shí)間讓會(huì)面變得溫暖，因此旅行社的工作人員會(huì)在提供服務(wù)的同時(shí)，和人愉快地聊天。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)然，它也有它的優(yōu)勢(shì)。A.advantages優(yōu)勢(shì)；B.achievements成就；C.tricks技巧；D.accesses訪問(wèn)。根據(jù)下文“Iamgratefulfor24-hourATMs”和“gainingknowledgefrommylaptopinthecomfortofmyhome”可知，自動(dòng)取款機(jī)可以24小時(shí)服務(wù)，人們可以在家舒適地用筆記本電腦獲取知識(shí)，因此自動(dòng)化有其優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我很感激24小時(shí)自動(dòng)取款機(jī)、在家舒適地用筆記本電腦獲取知識(shí)的便利，以及一部可靠地提供各種智能服務(wù)的手機(jī)。A.convenience便利；B.significance意義；C.competence能力；D.patience耐心。根據(jù)下文“gainingknowledgefrommylaptopinthecomfortofmyhome”可知，人們可以在家舒適地用筆記本電腦獲取知識(shí)，因此是便利的。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我很感激24小時(shí)自動(dòng)取款機(jī)、在家舒適地用筆記本電腦獲取知識(shí)的便利，以及一部可靠地提供各種智能服務(wù)的手機(jī)。A.regularly定期地；B.freely自由地；C.casually隨意地；D.reliably可靠地。根據(jù)上文“acellphone”和下文“performsenormousskillfulservices”可推知，手機(jī)可以可靠地提供各種智能服務(wù)。故選D。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但我也懷念這些設(shè)備所取代的與人的互動(dòng)。A.contributions貢獻(xiàn)；B.expectations期望；C.interactions互動(dòng)；D.ambitions抱負(fù)。根據(jù)下文“Ifeelbetterjustbecausesomeonetookthetimetowarmthemeeting.”可知，有人花時(shí)間讓會(huì)面變得溫暖讓作者感覺(jué)更好，因此是懷念與人的互動(dòng)。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但我也懷念這些設(shè)備所取代的與人的互動(dòng)。A.grasped抓?。籅.favored偏愛(ài)；C.interrupted打斷；D.replaced取代。根據(jù)上文“Butautomationhaschangedalotofthis.”可知，自動(dòng)化改變了很多事情，因此這些設(shè)備是取代了原本的事物。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：所以最近我決定以一種非數(shù)字化的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)我的目標(biāo)。A.open-minded開(kāi)明的；B.cost-free免費(fèi)的；C.non-digital非數(shù)字的；D.well-informed消息靈通的。根據(jù)下文“whereIpassedupthecomputerterminal”、“thesupermarketwhereIwalkedpasttheself-checkout”和“andastopatthepubliclibrarywhereIaskedthelibrariantohelpmefindatitle”可知，作者沒(méi)有選擇機(jī)器來(lái)服務(wù)，而是選擇找人來(lái)幫忙，因此是決定以一種非數(shù)字化的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。故選C。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一位工作人員還記得我很久以前的一次到訪，并熱情地向我打招呼。A.praised贊揚(yáng)；B.reminded提醒；C.trusted信任；D.greeted和……打招呼。根據(jù)上文“Oneofthestaffrememberedmefromalong-agovisit”可知，一位工作人員還記得作者很久以前的一次到訪，因此接著會(huì)和作者打招呼。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：辦完業(yè)務(wù)后，我們聊了幾分鐘，分享了關(guān)于我們孩子的消息。A.searching搜索；B.sharing分享；C.offering提供；D.following跟隨。根據(jù)上文“Aftermybusinesswechattedforafewminutes”可知，作者和銀行的工作人員聊了幾分鐘，因此是在交談中分享關(guān)于彼此孩子的消息。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：接著我去了快餐店，我放棄了電腦終端，選擇向一位面帶微笑的員工點(diǎn)餐。A.