reading-skill-Distinguishing-Between-Facts-and-Opinions閱讀技巧課件

DistinguishingBetweenFactsandOpinionsAswelearnedinUnit2,Book1andUnit8,Book2,itisveryimportanttotellfactsfromthewriter’sopinionsduringthecourseofreading.Thenwhatarefacts?Andopinions?facts—

whatreallyhappened;objective(客觀的)opinions—ideas,feelings,judgementsorbeliefthat

yougetfromfacts;subjective(主觀的)Example1

Sandysattherequietly.FactorOpinion?Ofcourseitisafact!Sandy’ssittingthereisobjectivelyanaction.Thewriterdoesn’tmakeanycommentonit.Example2It’sprobablythatawfulmusicthatwakesmeupeverymorning.It’sanopinion!Why?Becausethewriterhasshownhisfeelingorjudgmentofthemusicbyusingthewordawful.Isthemusicreallyawful?Itdepends!Youmaynotthinkinthatway!FactorOpinion?ThebiggestdifficultyindistinguishingfactsfromopinionsWhenyouagreewiththewriter’sopinions,youmaytakethosesubjectivethingsforgranted,thatis,youmaymistakeopinionsforfacts!e.g.He’ssogoodlooking,smartandfunny.FactorOpinion?It’sanopinion!Why?Maybeyoualsothinkthesameasthewriterthatheisgoodlooking,butitdoesn’tmeanotherpeoplewillacceptthisidea.‘Goodlooking’,‘smart’and‘funny’arejustthejudgementsofthewriterandnotnecessarilythetruth!Canyoudistinguishbetweenfactsandopinions?Opinion?

Fact?Althoughtherearemanyalarmist(危言聳聽的)speechesmadetothecontrary,infact,mancompletelycontrolnuclearpowerplants.B.Theamountofmoneyinvested(投資)

annually(每年)bythisgovernment,onenvironmentalissuesalone,is$2m.Opinion!Fact!C.Itisclearthattheonlyreasonablesolutiontoreturntonatureistotap(開發(fā))nuclearpower.D.Fossil(化石)fuels(燃料)provideasafealternative(選擇)fornuclearpower.Opinion!Fact!Q&AMatchingMultipleChoiceI.Q&A1.Whatarethegeneralbenefitsof

exercise(Para.1)?Tostrengthentheheartandlungs,bonesandmuscles.2.Whatisanotherbenefitofexercise

accordingtotheauthor(mainidea

ofthetext)?Poweringupthe

brain.

Physicalactivityhasapositiveeffecton

mentalfunctioning.Theexperimentwithrats(Paras.3,4)Results(Para.4)Group1Group2Group3II.MatchingrunninginsideanautomaticwheelinacomplicatedobstaclecourseinactiveAgreaternumberofbrainconnectionsAgreaterdensityofbloodvesselsConclusions(Para.2)Vigorousphysicalexerciseprovidesthebrainwithmorefuel.Skill-basedexercisemakesthebrainprocessinformationbetter.III.MultipleChoice(Paras.5-11)1.Whatresultsinthelowspeedofreactionofolder

adults?A.Theirage.Choosethemostappropriateoneaccordingtothetext.B.Theirpoorshape.C.Theirdecliningphysicalconditions.2.Whatisthereductioninmentalfunctionofolder

adultsattributedtoaccordingtosomescientists?A.Medicines.B.Poordiet.C.Neglectingtostayphysicallyactive.D.Alloftheabove.3.Whatisveryimportantforbrainmaintenance

accordingtoDanielM.Landers?A.Areadingprogram.B.Diet.C.Anexerciseprogram.D.AphysicalExamination.4.WhatwasNOTmentionedaboutthereasonsfor

theacademicadvantagesgainedbytakingpartinsports?A.Self-confidence.B.Strongermuscles.C.Bettermood.D.Theabilitytoconcentrate.5.Whymaythosewhoexercisetacklemental

challengesbetteraccordingtoPierceJ.Howard?A.Becausetheyhavemorenervecells.B.Becausetheyhavemorebrainchemicals.C.Becausetheyhavestrongermuscles.Becausetheyoftenhavegoodsleep.6.Whatisthemostbeneficialformofexercise?A.Bodyexercise.B.Exerciseonmind.C.Exerciseengagingbothbodyandmind.D.Noneoftheabove.SentenceStructure1.“Incontrast,…possessedagreaterdensityof

bloodvesselsinthebrainthan

did

eitherofthe

othertwogroupsofanimals.”(L15)SentenceStructurethan從句的主語較長或帶有長的修飾語時(shí)則倒裝。e.g.Ispendlessthandonineoutoftenpeopleinmyposition.我花費(fèi)的，比在我職位上十分之九的人少。2.…h(huán)esaysitislogicaltomaketheinferencethatan

effectfoundinratsmayalsoapplytohumans.(L22)thataneffectfoundinrats=thataneffectwhichisfoundinrats3.…thatregularexercisecanimprovethespeedwith

whichthebrainprocessesinformation.(L24)thespeedwithwhichthebrainprocessesinformation=thebrainprocessesinformationwiththespeedBlankfillingIstillcanrememberthehouse____whichIwasborn.in4.Thisboostinreactiontimeafterexercisetraining

mayoccurbecausedeclinesassociatedwithgetting

oldcouldactuallystemfromdeclinesinphysicalcondition.(L29)becausedeclinesassociatedwithgettingolddecline(n.)Canyouchangethatpartintoanattributiveclause?5.Somescientistsspeculatethereductioninmental

functionoftenattributedtogettingoldmayreally

beapenaltyofneglectingtostayphysicallyactive,

inadditiontorelatedfactorssuchasmedicinesand

poordiet.(L30)Splitthecomplexsentenceintoseveralsimplesentences.Somescientistsspeculate…Thereductioninmentalfunctionisoftenattributedtogettingold.Thereductioninmentalfunctionmayreallybeapenaltyofneglectingtostayphysicallyactive,…apenaltyofneglectingtostayphysicallyactive=apunishmentfornotkeepingphysicallyactive.Studythefollowingsentencesandcombine

themintoonesentence.Canyoulocatethesentenceinthetext?6.Butuntilrecently,theacademicedgegainedbyparticipatinginsportswasthoughttocomefromtheincreasedself-confidence,thebettermood,andtheabilitytoconcentratethatcomesfromburningoffsteaminexercise.(L38)Theacademicedgeisgainedbyparticipatinginsports.Theacademicedgewasthoughttocomefromtheincreasedself-confidence,thebettermood,andtheabilitytoconcentrate.Theabilitytoconcentratecomesfromburningoffsteaminexercise.WordUsingWordUsingWordUsingWordUsingWordUsingWordUsingWordUsingWordUsing1.successionn.(L2)successive(adj.)

連續(xù)的；繼承的successor(n.)

繼任者區(qū)分successn.

成功succeedv.

成功Translation

asuccessionoffailurethesuccession

oftheseasonsTheteamhashadfivesuccessivevictories.一系列/連續(xù)的失敗四季的接續(xù)這支隊(duì)已經(jīng)連續(xù)5次取得勝利了。Hissuccessorisayoungfellow.他的繼任是個(gè)年輕小伙子。派生詞2.primarya.(L6)1)chief;mainWhatisyourprimaryobjectivethisterm?Useit2.primarya.(L6)2)primaryschoolprimaryeducationsecondaryeducationtertiaryeducation初等/小學(xué)教育中等/中學(xué)教育高等教育OtherMeaningsprimarytraining初步訓(xùn)練primarycommodity天然產(chǎn)品

3.providev.(L6)1）providesb.with

sth.

Sheepprovideuswithwool.e.g.羊供給我們羊毛。Heworkshardtoprovidefoodandclothesforhisfamily.2）providesth.for

sb.e.g.他努力工作養(yǎng)家活口。4.inresponseto(L27)=asananswerto1.我們應(yīng)該響應(yīng)號召，保護(hù)環(huán)境。TranslationWeshouldprotecttheenvironmentinresponsetothecall.Hewenttoopenthedoorinresponsetoaknock.2.聽到有人敲門，他走過去開門。

5.attributev.(L31)Phrase

attribute…to…=believethatsth.wascausedordonebysb./sth.Terryattributeshissuccesstohardwork.ComparisonTerry’ssuccessisattrib