考研英語二真題試卷

2019考研英語二試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHET(10points)

Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificant

weightfluctuations1,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmore

thatit2.

Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmatoshiftmyfbcusfrombeing

generallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing_3onthescale.Thatwasbadto

myoverallfitnessgoalsoIhadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,but

thinkingonlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram0

ThatconflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto_5mygoalso

Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate_6ofthe

hardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoa

monthtonoticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight?_alteringyourtraining

program.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthand

incheslosto

Forthese9Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthly

weighingschedule10oSinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantfor

metollmyweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand12

anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytraining

program.

Iusemybimonthlyweight-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionas

welloIfmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantlyl5anddropping

weight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintakeo

The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverall

health,fitnessandwell-being.Tmexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsince

Inolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I'vealsoexperiencedgreater

successinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals.19Pmtrainingaccordingtothose

goals,notthenumbersonascale.

Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoukook,feel,how

youclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevelo

loAoThereforeB。OtherwiseC.HoweverDoBesides

2.AocaresB.warnsC.reducesD.helps

3.AsolelyB.occasionallyC.formallyD。initially

4.AloweringB.explainingCoacceptingDorecording

5oA.setBoreviewCoreachDomodify

6.A.depictionB.distributionCopredictionDodefinition

7.A.regardlessofB.asidefromC.alongwithDodueto

8.A.rigidB.preciseC.immediateD.orderly

9.AojudgmentsB。reasonsC.methodsD.claims

10.A.thoughBoagainC。indeedD.instead

11.A.trackB.overlookC.concealD。report

12.A.approveofB。holdontoC.accountfbrD.dependon

13.AoshareB。adjustCoconfirmDprepare

14.AofeaturesB.rulesCotestsDresults

15.AanxiousBohungryCosickD.bored

16.AosecretBbeliefCosignD。principle

17.AonecessityB.decisionCowishDorequest

18.AosurprisingB.restrictingC.consumingDodisappointing

19.AobecauseB。unlessC。untilDoif

20.AodominatingB。puzzlingC.triumphingDoobsessing

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartADirections

ReadthefollowingfourtextsoAnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosing

A,B,CorDoMarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET(40points)

Text1

Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittle

later,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnormso

Childrenaren'tbomknowinghowtosay'Tmsorry"；rather,theylearnovertime

thatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends-andtheirownconsciences.Thisis

whyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobea

goodthingo

Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap。Itisdeeply

uncomfortable——it'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwith

stonesoYetthisunderstandingisoutdated.nTherehasbeenakindofrevivalora

rethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,"saysAmrishaVaish,a

psychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartof

alargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren'tbinary一feelingsthatmaybeadvantageous

inonecontextmaybeharmfulinanotheroJealousyandanger,forexample,may

haveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbe

destructive.

Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencourage

humanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationshipsoGuilt,inotherwords,canhelp

holdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.

Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunityoWorkbyTinaMalti,apsychology

professorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforan

emotionaldeficiencyoInanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguilt

andsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharingSomekids

whoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,

whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycansubstitute

forlowguilt.

Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244childrenUsingcaregiver

assessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild'soverall

sympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoral

transgressionsoThenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachanceto

sharedthemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow——sympathykids,howmuchthey

sharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneones

sharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn'tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictothe

otherchild'sdeprivation

“Thafsgoodnews,nMaltisays.MWecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharmand

wefeelregret.^^

21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp

A)fosterachild'smoraldevelopment

B)regulateachild'sbasicemotions

C)improveachild'sintellectualability

D)intensityachild'spositivefeelings

22oAccordingtoparagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe

A)inexcusable

B)deception

C)addictive

D)burdensome

23.Vaishholdthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat

A)emotionsaircontext-independent

B)anemotioncanplayopposingroles

C)emotionaresociallyconstructive

D)emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth

24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing?

Aomayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies

Bocanresultfromeithersympathyorguilt

Cocanbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction

Domaybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveaets

25oThewordntransgressions"(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto—

A.Teachings

B,discussions

C.Restrictions

D.Dowrongdoings

Text2

Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainst

climatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthe

carbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimate

changewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbon

thantheyabsorb0

Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap。butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.

Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequire

reducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow,Californiaisleadingtheway,asit

doesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetailso

Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtrees

andclearbrushinpartsoftheforestoThistemporarilylowerscarbon-carrying

capacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,so

theygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair。

HealthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsectsoThelandscapeisrenderedless

easilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumedo

TheneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgentoAlready,since2010,droughtand

insectshavekilledoverlOOmilliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,

andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.

Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,00by2030-

financedfromtheproceedsofthestate9semissions—permitauctions,That'sonlya

smallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresinall,so

itwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordroughto

Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromthe

forestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthat

wouldotherwiserunonfossilfuelsoNewresearchontransportationbiofuelsis

alreadyunderway.

Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionally

they'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesfbrrecreationoOnly

recentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoring

carbonoCaliformia^plan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornext

year,shouldserveasamodelo

26.Bysaying"oneoftheharderchallenges:'theauthorimpliesthat

A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol

B.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming

C.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise

D.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat

27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable“carbonsinks,“wemayneedto

A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem

B.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees

C.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants

D.lowertheirpresentcarbon一absorbingcapacity

28.California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto

A.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees

B.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests

C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects

D.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires

29.WhatisessentialtoCalifornia'splanaccordingtoParagraph5?

A.Tohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirst

B.Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2020

C.Toperfecttheemissions—permitauctionso

D.Toobtainenoughfinancialsupport

30.Theauthor'sattitudetoCalifornia'splancanbestbedescribedas__。

A.Ambiguous

B.Tolerant

C.Supportive

D.cautious

Text3

Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyears.The

complaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulofimmigrationrulesforfarm

works.

Congresshasobstructedeffortstocreateamorestraightforwardvisafbragricultural

workersthatwouldletforeignworkersstaylongerintheUoS.andchangejobswithin

theindustry.Ifthisdoesn'tchangeoAmericanbusinessesocommunities,and

consumerswillbetheloserso

PerhapshalfofUoSofarmlaborersareundocumentedimmigrantsoAsfewersuch

workersenterthecountry,thecharacteristicsoftheagriculturalworkforceare

changing.Today*sfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlybominMexico,aremore

likelytobesettledratherthanmigratingandmorelikelytobemarriedthansingle,

They'realsoaging。Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkers

wereovertheageof35ONowmorethanhalfareoAndpickingcropsishardon

olderbodies.Oneoft-debatedcurefbrthislaborshortageremainsasimplausibleasit's

beenallalong:NativeUoSoworkerswon'tbereturningtothefarm。

Mechanizationisnottheanswereither—notyet,atleast.Productionofcom,cotton,

rice,soybeans,andwheathasbeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,

labor-intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,where

robotsdoasmallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforethey'reautomatedq

Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkersusing

theH-2Avisatofillthegapsintheworkforce.Startingaround2012,requestsfor

thevisasrosesharply;from2011to2016thenumberofvisasissuedmorethan

doubled.

TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH—2Bvisafornonagricultural

workwhichislimitedto66,000ayearoEvenso,employerscomplaintheyaren't

givenalltheworkerstheyneed0Theprocessiscumbersome,expensive,and

unreliableoOnesurveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledtheaverageH-2Aworker

toarriveonthejob22dayslateoTheshortageiscompoundedbyfederal

immigrationraids,whichremovesomeworkersanddriveothersundergroundo

Ina2012survey,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandnearly80percentofraisin

andberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflaboroSomewesterngrowershave

respondedbymovingoperationstoMexicooFrom1998-2000,14.5percentofthe

fruitAmericansconsumedwasimportedoLittlemorethanadecadelater,theshare

ofimportedfruithadincreasedto25.8percent.

Ineffect,theUoS.canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickito

31.Whatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwo

paragraphs?

A.DiscriminationagainstforeignworkersintheUoS.

B.BiasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.

C.FlawsinU.S0immigrationrulesfbrfarmworkerso

D.DeclineofjobopportunitiesinU.SOagricultureo

32.OnetroublewithU.S.agriculturalworkforceis__

A.therisingnumberofillegalimmigrants

B.thehighmobilityofcropworkers

C.thelackofexperiencedlaborers

D.theagingofimmigrantfarmworkers

33,Whatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortageinU.Sfarming?

A.Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.

B.TogetnativeU。Soworkersbacktofarming。

C.Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh一valuecrops.

D.Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.

34,AgriculturalemployerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisaforits

Aoslowgrantingprocedures

B.limitondurationofstay

Cotightenedrequirements

D.controlofannualadmissions

35.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthistext?

A.UoSoAgricultureinDecline?

B.ImportFoodorLabor?

C.AmericaSavedbyMexico?

DoManpowervsoAutomation?

Text4

ArnoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMirzaandAdrianGrenierhaveamessageforyou:

Ifseasytobeatplastic.They9repartofabunchofcelebritiesstarringinanewvideo

forWorldEnvironmentDayencouragingyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyour

single-useplasticstapleslikestrawsandcutlerytocombattheplasticscrisiso

ThekeymessagesthathavebeenputtogetherforWorldEnvironmentDaydo

includeacallforgovernmentstoenactlegislationtocurbsingle一useplastics0But

theoverarchingmessageisdirectedatindividuals。

Myconcernwithleavingituptotheindividual,however,isourlimitedsenseof

whatneedstobeachieved.Ontheirown,takingourownbagstothegrocerystoreor

quittingplasticstraws,forexample,willaccomplishlittleandrequireverylittleof

usoTheycouldevenbedetrimental,satisfyinganeedtohave"doneourbit”

withouteverprogressingontobigger,bolder,moreeffectiveactionsakindof“moral

licensing"thatallaysourconcernsandstopsusdoingmoreandaskingmoreofthose

inchargeo

Whiletheconversationaroundourenvironmentandourresponsibilitytowardit

remainscenteredonshoppingbagsandstraws,we'reignoringthebalanceofpower

thatimpliesthatas“consumers”wemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas“citizens”

holdourgovernmentsandindustriestoaccounttopushfbrrealsystemicchange.

It'simportanttoacknowledgethattheenvironmentisn'teveryone'spriority-or

evenmostpeople's。Weshouldn'texpectittobe.Inherlatestbook,WhyGood

PeopleDoBadEnvironmentalThings,WellesleyCollegeprofessorElizabethR.

DeSombrearguesthatthebestwaytocollectivelychangethebehavioroflarge

numbersofpeopleisforthechangetobestructural

Thismightmeanimplementingpolicysuchasaplastictaxthataddsacostto

environmentallyproblematicaction,orbanningsingle一useplasticsaltogetheroIndia

hasjustannounceditwill"eliminateallsingle-useplasticinthecountryby2022,”

Therearealsoincentive-basedwaysofmakingbetterenvironmentalchoiceseasier,

suchasensuringrecyclingisatleastaseasyastrashdisposal.

DeSombreisn'tsayingpeopleshouldstopcaringabouttheenvironment.It'sjust

thatindividualactionsaretooslow1shesays,forthattobetheonly,orevenprimary,

approachtochangingwidespreadbehavior.

Noneofthisisaboutwritingofftheindividual,It'sjustaboutputtingthingsinto

perspective.Wedon'thavetimetowaitoWeneedprogressivepoliciesthatshape

collectiveaction(andreininpollutingbusinesses),alongsideengagedcitizens

pushingfbrchangeo

36.Somecelebritiesstarinanewvideoto

A.demandnewlawsontheuseofplastics

B.urgeconsumerstocuttheuseofplastics

C.invitepublicopinionontheplasticscrisis

D.disclosethecausesoftheplasticscrisis

37.Theauthorisconcernedthatmorallicensing99may

A.misleadusintodoingworthlessthings

B.preventusfrommakingfurtherefforts

C.weakenoursenseofaccomplishment

D.suppressourdesirefbrsuccess

38.Bypointingoutouridentityas“citizens,”,theauthorindicatesthat

A;ourfocusshouldbeshiftedtocommunitywelfare

B:ourrelationshipwithlocalindustriesisimproving

C:Wehavebeenactivelyexercisingourcivilrights

D：Weshouldpressourgovernmenttoleadthecombat

39.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwayforacollectivechangeshouldbe

A:awin-winairangement

B:aself-drivenmechanism

C：acost-effectiveapproach

D:atopdownprocess

40.Theauthorconcludesthatindividualefforts

A:canbetooaggressive

B:canbetooinconsistent

C：arefarfromsufficient

D：arefarfromrational

PartB

Directions：

YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextoChoosethemostsuitableheading

fromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45)。Markyouranswerson

theANSWERSHEETo(10points)

Fivewaystomakeconversationwithanyone

Inchoosinganewhome,CamilleMeClain'skidshaveasingledemand：a

backyard。

MeClain'slittleonesaren'ttheonlykidswhohaveanopinionwhenitcomesto

housing,andinmanycasesyoungsters*viewsweighheavilyonparents9realestate

decisions,accordingtoa2018HanisPollsurveyofmorethan2,000U.S。adults.

Whilemorefamiliesbuckanolder-generationproclivitytoleavekidsinthedark

aboutrealestatedecisions,realtyagentsandpsychologistshavemixedviewsabout

thefinancial,personalandlong一termeffectskids'opinionsmayhave。

Theideaofinvolvingchildreninabigdecisionisagreatideabecauseitcanhelp

themfeelasenseofcontrolandownershipinwhatcanbeanoverwhelmingprocess,

saidRyanHooper,aclinicalpsychologistinChicagoo

"Childrenmayfaceseriousdifficultiesincopingwithsignificantmoves,

especiallyifitremovesthemfromtheircurrentschoolorsupportsystem,"hesaid.

GregJaroszewski,arealestatebrokerswithGagliardoRealtyAssociates,said

he'snotconvincedthatkidsshouldbeinvolvedinselectingahome-------buttheir

opinionsshouldbeconsideredinregardstoproximitytofriendsandsocialactivities,

ifpossible,

Youngerchildrenshouldfeellikethey9rechoosingtheirhome——withoutactually

gettingachoiceinthematter,saidAdamBailey,arealestateattorneybasedinNew

Yorko

Askingthemquestionsaboutwhattheylikeaboutthebackyardofapotential

homewillmakethemfeellikethey'rebeingincludedinthedecision一making

process,Baileysaido

Manyoftheaspectsofhomebuyingaren*taconsiderationforchildren,said

TraceyHampson,arealestateagentbasedinSantaClarita,Calif.Andplacingtoo

muchemphasisontheiropinionscanruinafantastichomepurchase.

“Speakingwithyourchildrenbeforeyoumakearealestatedecisioniswise,but

Iwouldn'tbasethepurchasingdecisionsolelyontheiropinionso“Hampsonsaid.

Theotherissueisthatmanychildren—especiallyolderones------maybasetheir

realestateknowledgeonHGTVshows,saidAaronNorrisofTheNorrisGroupin

Riverside,Calif

“TheyloveChipandJoannaGainesjustasmuchastherestofus,”hesaid.

“HGTVhasseriouslychangedhowpeopleviewrealestate.It'snotshelter,it'sa

lifestyle.Withthatmindsetchangecomesomeseriousmoneyconsequenceso”

Kidstendtogetstuckinthefeaturesandtheimmediatebenefitstothem

personally,Norrissaido

Parentsneedtoremindtheirchildrenthattheirneeds,anddesiresmaychange

overtime,saidJulieGumer,arealestateanalystwithFitSmallBusincsSocom。

“Theiropinionscanchangetomorrow,nGurnersaido"Harshasitmaybetosay,

thatdecisionshouldlikelynotbemadecontingentonachild'sopinions,butrather

madeforthemwithgreatconsiderationintowhathomecanmeettheirneeds

best——andgivethemanopportunitytocustomizeitabitandmakeittheirown。"

Thisadviceismorerelevantnowthaneverbefore,evenasmoreparentswantto

embracetheideasoftheirchildren,despitethecurrenthousingcrunch.

Aoremarksthatsignificantmovesmay

posechallengestochildreno

41,RyanHooperB.saysthatitiswisetoleavekidsinthe

darkaboutrealestatedecisions.

42.AdamBaileyCoadvisesthathomepurchasesshould

notbebasedonlyonchildren'sopinions.

43,TraceyHampsonD.thinksthatchildrenshouldbegivena

senseofinvolvementin

homebuyingdecisions.

44oAaronNorrisE.notesthataspects