2022年廣東新高考普通高中高二下學(xué)期聯(lián)合質(zhì)量測評摸底調(diào)研英語試題

2022年廣東省新高考普通高中聯(lián)合質(zhì)量測評高二摸底調(diào)研英語試卷本試卷共8頁，全卷滿分120分。考試用時(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色筆跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名和考生號、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。將條形碼橫貼在答題卡指定位置。2.選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑；如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色筆跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上；如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案；不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔，考試結(jié)束后，將試題與答題卡一并交回。第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ADreamjobintheAntarcticincludescountingpenguinsAlwayswantedtocountpenguinsinAntarctica?Wellnowyoucan,withthePenguinWatchproject,launchedtodaybyOxfordUniversity.Penguins—globallyloved,butunderthreat.Researchshowsthatinsomeregions,penguinpopulationsareindecline;butwhy?Click“getstarted”tobeginmonitoringpenguins,andhelpusanswerthisquestion.Withover100sitestoexplore,weneedyourhelpnowmorethanever!WorkershavetocountpenguinsandotherwildlifefortheBritishAntarcticSurvey,andareportisduebytheendofemployment.OtherdutiesincludemanagingthegiftshopandthepostofficeonbehalfoftheBritishAntarcticTerritoryGovernment.Thepostofficesaysitgetsabout80,000piecesofmailaseason.Accordingtotheapplication,thesuccessfulcandidate“willneedtobephysicallyandmedicallyabletodothejob.”Livingconditionsare“basicbutcomfortable,”butthereislimitedpowerandnorunningwaterorInternetaccess,whichmeans“veryminimalcommunication”totheoutsideworld.It’snotjustforfun,though;theprojecthassomeimportantimplications.Withtheirfindings,theresearchershopetodetailtheeffectsofclimatechangebyanalyzingdataontimingofbreeding,survivalrateofchicks,andrateofpredationonchicks.Forthoseinterestedbelow35yearsold,theapplicationcanbefoundhere,withadeadlineat7:59p.m.onAugust25.Internationalcandidatescanapply,buttheymusthavetherighttoworkintheUnitedKingdomandfluentinEnglish,andthoseselectedwillhaveaweekoftraininginCambridgeinOctober.Ifyouwouldliketosupportourwork,wewouldbeextremelygrateful.Herearesomewaysyoucangetinvolved:￡50—BecomeaPenguinPenPal,andwewillsendyouapostcardfromournextfieldseasoninAntarctica.￡l50—SponsoraPenguinologist,andreceivealittlepackofPenguinWatchgoodies.1.Whattaskisincludedinthecandidate’swork,accordingtothetext?A.TocountpenguinsinAntarctica.B.ToanalyzestatisticsaboutbreedinginAntarctica.C.Towriteaworkreport.D.TorunthegiftshopandthepostofficeinAntarctica.2.Whowillmostlikelygetthisjob?A.Mary,aged27,fromtheUSA,likestoworkonbusinesstripsandisskilledatanalysingdata.B.John,aged40,fromtheUKhasworkedinthepostofficeandisexperiencedincommunication.C.Joy,aged30,fromJapanhasgraduatedfromOxforduniversityandlikesworkinginaquietplace.D.Rachael,aged36,fromCanadaisexperiencedinbreedingfarmanimals.3.Wherecanyoufindthistext?A.Onthewebsite. B.Inthenewspaper.C.Inthebook. D.Inthemagazine.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，是南極觀測項(xiàng)目的招聘啟事，主要介紹的是招聘的要求、工作要點(diǎn)等。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第五段的“Withtheirfindings,theresearchershopetodetailtheeffectsofclimatechangebyanalyzingdataontimingofbreeding,survivalrateofchicks,andrateofpredationonchicks.(通過他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究人員希望通過分析繁殖時(shí)間、雛鳥存活率和雛鳥捕食率的數(shù)據(jù)來詳細(xì)說明氣候變化的影響。)”可知，分析南極洲的繁殖數(shù)據(jù)這個(gè)部分屬于研究人員的工作，故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由第四段的“Livingconditionsare“basicbutcomfortable,”butthereislimitedpowerandnorunningwaterorInternetaccess,whichmeans“veryminimalcommunication”totheoutsideworld.(生活條件“基本但舒適”，但電力有限，沒有自來水，也沒有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，這意味著與外界的“溝通非常少”。)”和第六段的“Forthoseinterestedbelow35yearsold,theapplicationcanbefoundhere,withadeadlineat7:59p.m.onAugust25.Internationalcandidatescanapply,buttheymusthavetherighttoworkintheUnitedKingdomandfluentinEnglish(35歲以下有興趣的人可以在這里找到申請，截止日期是8月25日晚上7點(diǎn)59分。國際候選人可以申請，但他們必須有在英國工作的權(quán)利和流利的英語)”可知，申請人必須有在英國工作的權(quán)利，英語流利，不愛與外界溝通，因此畢業(yè)于牛津大學(xué)，喜歡在安靜的地方工作的30歲的Joy最有可能得到這份工作，故選C。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。由第二段的“Click“getstarted”tobeginmonitoringpenguins(點(diǎn)擊“開始”開始監(jiān)測企鵝)”可知，可以在網(wǎng)上找到這篇文章，故選A。BWhenSuBingtianwasfirstaddedtothetrackandfieldteamofhisjuniorhighschool,whathedidmostwasnottrainingorcompeting,butcarryingbagsforhisseniorteammatesandwatchingthemrunning.Nobody,includingSuhimself,wouldbelievethesmallboycouldonedaybecomethefirstAsianmantoreachthe100mfinalattheWorldChampionships,runningside-to-sidewiththefastestsprintersintheworld.BorninaruralareainChina’ssoutheasternprovinceofGuangdong,Sustartedtraininginathleticsin2003.After12yearsoffastprogress,Suemergedfromabag-carriertothefastestmanintheworldmostpopulouscountry,breakingthenationalrecordafterheclocked9.99secondsattheIAAFDiamondLeagueEugenelegonMay30.HeisthefirstandonlyChinesethathaveeverdippedunderthe10-secondbarrier.Heattributedsuchprogresstoarevolutionarytechniquechangestartingfromlastwinter.WhenSufirstbegantotraininsprinting,hehadbeenusinghisrightfoottostartoff.Buthealwaysfoundhisthirdstepalittlebitweakandunsteadywhichwouldaffecthisintermediaterunningandthewholerhythm.AfterconsultingwithhiscoachYuanGuoqiang,China’sfirstnationalrecordholder,Suhaschangedhiswaytostartwithhisleftfootgoingforwardfirst.“Itwaslikeadesperategamble,abrandnewstartforme.IknewifitworksIwouldfindsomeroomtoimprove,otherwiseitcouldleadtotheendofmycareer,”Susaid.“Tobehonest,Iamnotfullypreparedforsuchpressureandintensivemediacoverage.Iwilllearntodealwithitassoonaspossible.Buttrainingandcompetingwillalwaysbemypriority,”saidadeterminedSu.“IhopemystorycanencouragethoseyoungpeopletobelievethatChinesecanalsorunfast.IdonotthinkIamahero.Iamjustastep-stone,likemycoachYuan,astep-stonetopavethewayformoreyoungsterstopushthespeedlimitforChina.”4.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphimply?A.SuBingtianhasagiftforsprinting.B.SuBingtianachievedsuccessthroughhardwork.C.SuBingtianseemsnotbetalentedinsprintinginhisyouth.D.SuBingtianranthefastestintheworld.5.WhatislikelythemostimportantfactorinSu’ssuccess?A.Hiscompetitivespirit B.HisfamilysupportC.Histrainingstrategy D.Hisexperience6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesSuBingtian?A.Determinedandmodest B.AmbitiousandhonestC.Competitiveanddesperate D.Popularandtough7.WhydoesSucallhimselfas“step-stone”?A.Hehopestoinspireotheryoungsprinters. B.Heisnotreadytobeachampion.C.Hefeelsregretfulforthespeed. D.Heenjoystrainingandcompeting.【答案】4.C5.C6.A7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了中國男子短跑運(yùn)動員蘇炳添如何通過努力和方法成為100米亞洲紀(jì)錄保持者的經(jīng)歷。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Nobody,includingSuhimself,wouldbelievethesmallboycouldonedaybecomethefirstAsianmantoreachthe100mfinalattheWorldChampionships,runningside-to-sidewiththefastestsprintersintheworld.(包括蘇炳世本人在內(nèi)，沒有人會相信這個(gè)小男孩有一天會成為第一個(gè)進(jìn)入世錦賽100米決賽的亞洲人，與世界上跑得最快的短跑運(yùn)動員并肩奔跑。)”可知蘇炳添在早期并不是天賦很高。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“Heattributedsuchprogresstoarevolutionarytechniquechangestartingfromlastwinter.(他將這一進(jìn)步歸功于從去年冬天開始的革命性技術(shù)變化。)”可知，蘇炳添調(diào)整了訓(xùn)練策略。故選C項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“Tobehonest,Iamnotfullypreparedforsuchpressureandintensivemediacoverage.Iwilllearntodealwithitassoonaspossible.Buttrainingandcompetingwillalwaysbemypriority,IhopemystorycanencouragethoseyoungpeopletobelievethatChinesecanalsorunfast.IdonotthinkIamahero.Iamjustastep-stone,likemycoachYuan,astep-stonetopavethewayformoreyoungsterstopushthespeedlimitforChina.(說實(shí)話，面對這樣的壓力和密集的媒體報(bào)道，我還沒有做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。我會盡快學(xué)會處理它。但訓(xùn)練和比賽永遠(yuǎn)是我的首要任務(wù)，我希望我的故事能鼓勵(lì)那些年輕人相信，中國人也能跑得很快。我不認(rèn)為我是英雄。我只是一塊墊腳石，就像我的袁教練一樣，一塊為更多年輕人在中國挑戰(zhàn)速度極限鋪平道路的墊腳石。)”可推斷出蘇炳添的性格特點(diǎn)是有決心并且謙虛。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的“Iamjustastep-stone,likemycoachYuan,astep-stonetopavethewayformoreyoungsterstopushthespeedlimitforChina.(我只是一塊墊腳石，就像我的袁教練一樣，一塊為更多年輕人在中國挑戰(zhàn)速度極限鋪平道路的墊腳石。)”可知他希望激勵(lì)其他年輕短跑運(yùn)動員。故選A項(xiàng)。CInsomepartsoftheworld,COVID-19isnottheonlyplaguethat2020hasbrought.InpartsofAsiaandeastAfrica,swarms(成群)oflocustshaveruinedfields.TheUNfigurestheswarmsinIndiaandPakistanarethelargestforaquarterofacentury,andthatthenumbersinKenyaarethehighestfor70years.OneswarminnorthernKenyawasestimatedtobe25mileslongand37mileswide.Locustsareusuallyinoffensive,solitarycreaturesthatlivealoneanddonotstayfarfromtheplacethattheywereborn.Butundertherightcircumstances—namelyheavyrain,andplantharvests—theycanbecome“gregarious”.Whenthathappens,theinsectsgatherinhungryswarmswhichcanflymorethan100kminaday.InapaperpublishedinNature,XiaojiaoGuo,oftheInstituteofZoologyinBeijing,andagroupofotherresearchers,shedlightonthefactorthatdrivesthattransformation.Theythinktheyhaveidentifiedthespecificpheromone(信息素)thatattractstheinsectstoeachother,andthuscausesthemtoswarm.DrGuoandhercolleaguescollected35chemicalscollectedfromthebodiesandfaeces(排泄物)ofthemostwidespreadlocust.Whentested,gregariouslocustswerestronglyattractedtojustone,achemicalcalled4-vinylanisole(4VA).Thatattractionwasstrongforimmatureandmaturelocustsalike,andforbothmalesandfemales.DrGuo’sresultscouldbeofmorethanacademicinterest.Humanshavetriedeverythingfrominsecticidestoflame-throwerstodealwithlocustswarms.Ifachemicalcouldbedevelopedthatblocksthereceptor(接收器),theinsectsmightbemadedeaftoitscall.If4VAturnsouttobealanguagethatalllocustsunderstand,thenitmayhelphumanspersuadethemtoabandontheirgregariousways,andreturntoasolitarylife.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gregarious”inthesecondparagraphmean?A.separate B.hungry C.indanger D.ingroups9.WhydoestheauthormentiontheswarmsinIndiaandPakistaninthefirstparagraph?A.TomakeacomparisonwithCOVID-19B.ToofferanewperspectivetoblockthelocustsC.ToshowhowseriousthelocustsplagueisD.TocalculatethedamagesAsiancountrieshavesuffered10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthechemical4VA?A.Doubtful B.Positive C.Respectful D.Cautious11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Whylocustsswarm? B.LocustplagueinIndiaandAfricaC.AgreatscientistinBiochemistry D.Howtodealwithlocustsswarms【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章屬于科普類文章，介紹了疫情下多國遭遇的蝗蟲災(zāi)害，以及科學(xué)家的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。【8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的“Whenthathappens,theinsectsgatherinhungryswarmswhichcanflymorethan100kminaday.(當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時(shí)，這些饑餓的昆蟲聚集在一起，它們一天可以飛行100多公里。)”可知，劃線詞的意思是“群居的”，和ingroups意思相近，故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“InpartsofAsiaandeastAfrica,swarmsoflocustshaveruinedfields.TheUNfigurestheswarmsinIndiaandPakistanarethelargestforaquarterofacentury,andthatthenumbersinKenyaarethehighestfor70years.(在亞洲和東非的部分地區(qū)，成群的蝗蟲毀壞了田野。聯(lián)合國數(shù)據(jù)顯示，印度和巴基斯坦的蜂群數(shù)量是25年來最大的，肯尼亞的蜂群數(shù)量是70年來最高的。)”可知，作者在第一段提到印度和巴基斯坦的蜂群是為了顯示蝗災(zāi)有多嚴(yán)重，故選C。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Ifachemicalcouldbedevelopedthatblocksthereceptor,theinsectsmightbemadedeaftoitscall.If4VAturnsouttobealanguagethatalllocustsunderstand,thenitmayhelphumanspersuadethemtoabandontheirgregariousways,andreturntoasolitarylife.(如果能研制出一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)來阻斷這種感受器，昆蟲就可能對這種感受器的呼喚充耳不聞。如果4VA被證明是一種所有蝗蟲都能理解的語言，那么它可能會幫助人類說服它們放棄群居的生活方式，回到孤獨(dú)的生活。)”可知，作者對4VA還是充滿著希望的，故選B。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段的“Theythinktheyhaveidentifiedthespecificpheromonethatattractstheinsectstoeachother,andthuscausesthemtoswarm.(他們認(rèn)為他們已經(jīng)確定了一種特殊的信息素，這種信息素能吸引昆蟲相互吸引，從而使它們成群結(jié)隊(duì)。)”可知，本文圍繞著蝗蟲災(zāi)害展開，引出科學(xué)家的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)，并以期利用好這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)解決蝗災(zāi)問題，因此本文最好的題目是A選項(xiàng)“Whylocustsswarm?(為什么蝗蟲群居？)”，故選A。DSleepingwithadimlightlikeatelevisionornightlightisenoughtotheraisebloodsugarandheartratesofhealthypeople,accordingtoanewstudy.Lighthelpsourbodymaintainaninternalclock,butartificiallightatnightcaninterrupttherestandrepairthatshouldhappenduringthesleep.Newresearchsuggeststhatevenwhenoureyesareclosed,asmallamountoflightcandisruptthewayourbodiesnormallykeepourbloodsugarwithinahealthyrange.InthestudypublishedinSciencesonMonday,scientistsasked20participantsages19to36tospendtwonightsintheirlab.Onthefirstnightofsleep,thevolunteerssleptinaverydarkroom.Fortheirsecondnightofsleep,halfofthegroupsnoozedwithasmalllightliketheglowoftelevisionatnight,orstreetlightsthroughawindow—andhalfspenttheirsecondnightinadarkroom.Duringthetrial,allparticipantswereconnectedtodevicesthatmeasureddifferentmarkersoftheirsleepquality.Theywereeachconnectedviaaspecialtube,allowingresearcherstocollectsampleswithoutwakingtheindividual.Researchersalsorecordedparticipants’heartratesandbrainwaves.Whenthevolunteersawokeinthemorning,theteamtestedtheirbloodsugarandfoundthatparticipantsthatsleptinroomswithadimlightspentlesstimeindeepsleep.Inadditiontohavingslightlyworsebloodsugarcontrol,thegroupexposedtodimlighthadahigherheartrateonaverage.“Bycomparison,thosethatspendtwonightsinthedarkroomhadlittledifferenceintheirbloodsugarcontrol.Theythoughttheysleptwell,butyourbrainknowsthatthelightsareon,”saysZee,“youshouldclearlypayattentiontothelightinyourbedroom.Ifyoucan’tgiveupyournightlight,keepitdimandatfloorlevel.”Earlierworkhaslinkedexposuretolightduringsleeptoanincreasedriskofobesityinwomen.Zeerecommends,“makesurethatyoustartdimmingyourlightsatleastanhourortwobeforeyougotobedtoprepareyourenvironmentforsleep.”12.Whatdidtheunderlinedword“disrupt”inparagraph1mean?A.bother B.keep C.disagree D.follow13.Howdidtheresearchersdrawaconclusionfromthestudy?A.Byanalyzingthedatafromscientifictexts. B.Byconductingtheexperiments.C.Usingquestionnaires. D.Bycomparingearlierwork.14.Whatdidthestudyfindiftheparticipantssleptindarkrooms?A.Theparticipantswouldhaveahigherheartrate.B.Theparticipantswouldhavehigherbloodsugar.C.Theparticipants’bloodsugarcontrolwouldnotchange.D.Theparticipantsactuallysleepmorethanaverage.15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SleepingWithaDimLightCanRaiseHealthProblemsB.HowtoSleepWellWithaDimLightC.SleepWell,EatWell,GoodHealthD.TheDarker,theLowerBloodSugar【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】文章為一篇說明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于燈光與睡眠關(guān)系的科學(xué)研究?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。由第一段“Lighthelpsourbodymaintainaninternalclock,butartificiallightatnightcaninterrupttherestandrepairthatshouldhappenduringthesleep.”（光線幫助我們的身體維持內(nèi)部時(shí)鐘，但夜間的人造光線會打斷睡眠期間的休息和修復(fù)。）及“thewayourbodiesnormallykeepourbloodsugarwithinahealthyrange”（我們的身體正常地將血糖控制在健康范圍內(nèi)的方式）可知，夜晚的燈光可能會影響身體的修復(fù)，影響正常的生理功能。劃線詞disrupt與bother意思相近，表示“影響、打擾”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。由第二段“InthestudypublishedinSciencesonMonday,scientistsasked20participantsages19to36tospendtwonightsintheirlab.”（在周一發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的這項(xiàng)研究中，科學(xué)家們讓20名年齡在19歲至36歲的參與者在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里待了兩晚。）和第三段“Duringthetrial,allparticipantswereconnectedtodevicesthatmeasureddifferentmarkersoftheirsleepquality.”（在試驗(yàn)期間，所有參與者都被連接到測量他們睡眠質(zhì)量不同指標(biāo)的設(shè)備上。）可知，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)采用了實(shí)驗(yàn)法來得出研究的結(jié)論。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段“Bycomparison,thosethatspendtwonightsinthedarkroomhadlittledifferenceintheirbloodsugarcontrol.”（相比之下，那些在黑房間里待了兩晚的人，他們的血糖控制差別不大。）可知，連續(xù)在黑房間睡兩晚的人血糖控制沒有變化。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。由第一段“Sleepingwithadimlightlikeatelevisionornightlightisenoughtotheraisebloodsugarandheartratesofhealthypeople,accordingtoanewstudy.Lighthelpsourbodymaintainaninternalclock,butartificiallightatnightcaninterrupttherestandrepairthatshouldhappenduringthesleep.”（一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，在像電視或夜燈這樣昏暗的燈光下睡覺，足以提高健康人群的血糖和心率。光線幫助我們的身體維持內(nèi)部時(shí)鐘，但夜間的人造光線會打斷睡眠期間的休息和修復(fù)。）及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了在微弱的燈光下睡覺對健康的影響的相關(guān)性研究。A選項(xiàng)“SleepingWithaDimLightCanRaiseHealthProblems”（在昏暗的燈光下睡覺會引發(fā)健康問題）符合全文主旨。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Howoftendoyoueatchocolate?Ifyouanswered“everyday”,youmaybeaddictedtochocolate.___16___Eatingtoomuchchocolateisoftenthoughttobethecauseoftoothdecay,weightgain,headaches,andskinproblemssuchasacne(粉刺).___17___Eatingchocolatereleasesadistinctiveflavorthatgivesusapleasant,positivefeeling.Whatisitthatcausesthisfeeling?Chocolatecontainsoverthreehundredknownchemicals.Likeadrug,thesechemicalsstimulateareasofthebrainthatenablesustofeelpleasure.Themostwellknownchemicaliscaffeine,whichisalsofoundincoffee,tea,andsometypesofsoda.___18___Thepopularopinionofchocolateisthatitisafatteningfoodthatgivesyouspots,andcontainsnonutritionalqualities.Thefactis,chocolatedoescontainsaturatedfat.___19___Ontheotherhand,scientistsattheuniversityofCaliforniahavediscoveredthatchocolatealsocontainshighlevelofchemicalscalledphenolics(酚化物),alsofoundinredwine,coffee,andtea.Somephenolics,ifconsumedinsmallamounts,arebelievedtolowertheriskofheartdisease.Consumptionofcocoaaroundtheworldnowamountstoalmostthreemilliontonsayear.Thatisequivalentto500gramsofcocoaforeverypersononearth!___20___A.However,doeseatingtoomuchchocolatecauseanyrealhealthrisks?B.Noonehaseverdiedofeatingtoomuchchocolate,sothisisoneaddictionthatmightbeokaytohave.C.Thistypeoffatcancontributetoheartdiseasebyincreasinglevelsofbadcholesterol(膽固醇)intheblood.D.Butisthisaddictiondamagingyourhealth?E.Ontheotherhand,chocolateisknowntomakepeoplefeelhappier.F.Chocolatecontainschemicalsthatslowthebrain.G.Thecocoabutterinchocolateformsacoatingoverteeththatmayhelptoprotectourteeth.【答案】16.D17.E18.A19.C20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了巧克力與健康之間的關(guān)系?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Howoftendoyoueatchocolate?Ifyouanswered“everyday”,youmaybeaddictedtochocolate.（你多久吃一次巧克力？如果你回答“每天”，你可能會對巧克力上癮。）”用設(shè)問句引出話題。根據(jù)下文“Eatingtoomuchchocolateisoftenthoughttobethecauseoftoothdecay,weightgain,headaches,andskinproblemssuchasacne(粉刺).（吃太多巧克力通常被認(rèn)為是蛀牙，體重增加，頭痛和痤瘡等皮膚問題的原因。）”回應(yīng)了上文問題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，D項(xiàng)中的Butisthisaddictiondamagingyourhealth?和上文中的addicted相呼應(yīng)，符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Eatingchocolatereleasesadistinctiveflavorthatgivesusapleasant,positivefeeling.（吃巧克力釋放出一種獨(dú)特的味道，給我們一種愉快，積極的感覺）”可知，設(shè)空處講述的是吃巧克力的愉悅心理感受，第二段與第一段表達(dá)的意思相反。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，E項(xiàng)中的ontheotherhand，與前文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且選項(xiàng)中“makepeoplefeelhappier”與下文“givesusapleasant，positivefeeling”意思相同。故選E項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Thepopularopinionofchocolateisthatitisafatteningfoodthatgivesyouspots,andcontainsnonutritionalqualities.（關(guān)于巧克力流行觀點(diǎn)是，它是一種使你發(fā)胖的食物，會讓你長痘痘，并且不含營養(yǎng)成分）”可知，巧克力的不良影響。其中，A項(xiàng)中的doeseatingtoomuchchocolatecauseanyrealhealthrisks?與下文“Thepopularopinion”引出的觀點(diǎn)相呼應(yīng)。故選A項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thefactis,chocolatedoescontainsaturatedfat.（事實(shí)是，巧克力確實(shí)含有飽和脂肪。）”可知，巧克力有利的成分。其中，C項(xiàng)中的thistypeoffat和上文中chocolatedoescontainsaturatedfat形成呼應(yīng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】設(shè)空處總結(jié)全文觀點(diǎn)。B項(xiàng)“sothisisoneaddictionthatmightbeokaytohave”與文章開頭相呼應(yīng)，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。第二部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。WilliamKamkwambalivesinMalawi,Africa,wheremostpeoplehavenoelectricityorrunningwater.OnlytwopercentofMalawianscan___21___electricity.Lifethereisdifficult.In2001,whenWilliamwas14yearsold,lifeinMalawibecameeven___22___.Becauseofthe___23___,William’sfamilycouldn’taffordtosendhimtoschoolanymore.SoonedayWilliamwenttothe___24___nearhishomeandfoundasciencebookcalledUsingEnergy.Itincluded___25___forbuildingawindmill.Windmillscanbevery___26___sourcesofelectricity,andtheycanbringwater___27___fromunderground.Williamdidn’tknowmuchEnglish,butmostofthebookwasfullof___28___.Lookingatthem,Williamthoughthecould___29___awindmillforhisfamily.WhenWilliamwenthomeandstartedtodoit,alotofpeople____30____him,includinghismother.Theydidn’tthinkhecoulddoit,butWilliamwasconfident.Williamwasalso____31____.Helookedforpartsinjunkyardstobuildthemachine.Williamchangedandimprovedhisdesignlittlebylittle.First,thewindmillpoweredonlyonelightbulb.Thentherewas____32____electricityforfourlightsandaradio.NoonelaughedatWilliam.Later,Williambuilt____33____secondwindmill.Thisonebroughtwaterupfromunderground.Becauseofhissuccesswiththewindmills,Williamwasabletogobacktoschool.____34____,heuseshiswebsite,,toeducateandgivehopetopeople.Trustyourselfandbelieve.____35____happens,don’tgiveup.21.A.afford B.produce C.power D.deliver22.A.easier B.tougher C.better D.moredifferent23.A.flood B.drought C.snow D.illness24.A.store B.market C.factory D.library25.A.parts B.materials C.instructions D.cost26.A.rare B.efficient C.cheap D.important27.A.up B.to C.down D.above28.A.knowledge B.words C.numbers D.pictures29.A.build B.draw C.borrow D.buy30.A.caughtupwith B.laughedat C.lookedafter D.followedup31.A.hardworking B.determined C.creative D.fortunate32.A.no B.less C.more D.enough33.A.a B.the C.other D.another34.A.Inaddition B.Instead C.Luckily D.Bycontrast35.A.What B.Whatever C.However D.How【答案】21.A22.B23.B24.D25.C26.B27.A28.D29.A30.B31.C32.D33.A34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了威廉生活在馬拉維，那里缺少電和自來水，威廉利用從書中學(xué)到的知識，為家人建造了一臺風(fēng)車，為家人供電，并利用自己的知識去教育和幫助其他有需要的人。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：只有2%的馬拉維人能買得起電。A.afford買得起；B.produce生產(chǎn)；C.power驅(qū)動；D.deliver遞送。根據(jù)后文“Lifethereisdifficult.”可知，馬拉維的生活很艱難，由此可知，因?yàn)樨毨В挥?%的馬拉維人能買得起電。故選A項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：2001年，威廉14歲時(shí)，馬拉維的生活變得更加艱難。A.easier更容易的；B.tougher更艱難的；C.better更好的；D.moredifferent更與眾不同的。根據(jù)上文“Lifethereisdifficult.”和空格前“even”可知，馬拉維的生活本來就很艱難，在2001年，生活變得更加艱難了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于干旱，威廉的家人再也負(fù)擔(dān)不起送他上學(xué)的費(fèi)用。A.flood洪水；B.drought干旱；C.snow雪；D.illness疾病。根據(jù)上文“wheremostpeoplehavenoelectricityorrunningwater”可知，馬拉維缺少電和自來水，由此可知，這個(gè)地區(qū)正在遭遇干旱。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：于是有一天，威廉去了家附近的圖書館，找到了一本科學(xué)書，名叫《利用能源》。A.store商店；B.market市場；C.factory工廠；D.factory圖書館。根據(jù)句中“foundasciencebook”可知，能夠找到一本科學(xué)書的地方應(yīng)該是圖書館，由此可知，威廉去了家附近的圖書館。故選D項(xiàng)。25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它包括建造風(fēng)車的說明。A.parts部分；B.materials材料；C.instructions用法說明，操作指南；D.cost費(fèi)用。根據(jù)下文“Lookingatthem,Williamthoughthecould_____awindmillforhisfamily.”可知，威廉認(rèn)為根據(jù)這本書，他可以為家人做一個(gè)風(fēng)車，由此可知，這本書包括建造風(fēng)車的說明。故選C項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：風(fēng)車是非常有效的電力來源，它們可以從地下取水。A.rare稀有的；B.efficient有效的；C.cheap便宜的；D.important重要的。根據(jù)句中“theycanbringwater_____fromunderground”可知，句中介紹的是風(fēng)車的用處，再結(jié)合生活常識可知，風(fēng)車是非常有效的電力來源，有助于從地下取水。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：風(fēng)車是非常有效的電力來源，它們可以從地下取水。A.up向上；B.to關(guān)上；C.down向下；D.above在上面。根據(jù)下文“Thisonebroughtwaterupfromunderground.”中的“up”可知，句中指把水從地下取上來，“up”意為“向上”，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：威廉不太懂英語，但書中大部分都是圖畫。A.knowledge知識；B.words單詞；C.numbers數(shù)字；D.pictures圖畫。根據(jù)句中“Williamdidn’tknowmuchEnglish”可知，威廉不太懂英語，但卻能根據(jù)這本書建造風(fēng)車，由此可知，書中大部分都是圖畫，威廉可以看懂圖畫。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：看著它們，威廉認(rèn)為他可以為家人建造一個(gè)風(fēng)車。A.build建造；B.draw畫；C.borrow借；D.buy買。根據(jù)下文“Helookedforpartsinjunkyardstobuildthemachine.”中的“build”可知，威廉正著手建造一個(gè)風(fēng)車，由此可知，威廉認(rèn)為他可以為家人建造一個(gè)風(fēng)車。故選A項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)威廉回到家開始做這件事時(shí)，很多人都嘲笑他，包括他的母親。A.caughtupwith趕上；B.laughedat嘲笑；C.lookedafter照顧；D.followedup追查。根據(jù)下文“Theydidn’tthinkhecoulddoit”可知，人們認(rèn)為威廉不能建造風(fēng)車，由此可知，很多人都嘲笑他異想天開。故選B項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：威廉也很有創(chuàng)造力。他在廢品場尋找零件來制造這臺機(jī)器。A.hardworking努力的；B.determined堅(jiān)定的；C.creative有創(chuàng)造力的；D.fortunate幸運(yùn)地。根據(jù)句中“Helookedforpartsinjunkyardstobuildthemachine.”可知，威廉利用在廢品場找到的零件來制造風(fēng)車，由此可知，他是有創(chuàng)造力。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后就有了足夠的電力來點(diǎn)亮四盞燈和一臺收音機(jī)。A.no沒有；B.less更少的；C.more更多的；D.enough充足的，足夠的。根據(jù)上文“First,thewindmillpoweredonlyonelightbulb.”可知，這里描述的是風(fēng)車提供的電力越來越多，起初，風(fēng)車只能為一個(gè)燈泡供電，然后就有了足夠的電力來點(diǎn)亮四盞燈和一臺收音機(jī)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查冠詞/代詞詞義辨析。句意：后來，威廉又建造了一臺風(fēng)車。A.a一（個(gè)）；B.the這個(gè)；C.other其他；D.another另一個(gè)。根據(jù)空格后“secondwindmill”可知，句中指威廉又建造了一臺風(fēng)車，“asecond+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”意為“又一個(gè)……”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查副詞/固定短語詞義辨析。句意：此外，他還使用自己的網(wǎng)站去教育人們，給人們帶來希望。A.Inaddition此外；B.Instead反而；C.Luckily幸運(yùn)地；D.Bycontrast相比之下。根據(jù)句中“heuseshiswebsite,,toeducateandgivehopetopeople”可知，空格后是除了用風(fēng)車供電外，他對人們的其他幫助，“Inaddition”意為“此外”，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】考查從屬連詞詞義辨析。句意：信任并相信自己。無論發(fā)生什么事，都不要放棄。A.What什么；B.Whatever無論什么；C.However無論如何；D.How怎樣。根據(jù)句意可知，句子為讓步狀語從句，告訴我們無論發(fā)生什么事，都不要放棄，“Whatever”意為“無論什么”，引導(dǎo)從句做主語，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Vesuvius,alsocalledMountVesuvius,isontheplainofCampaniainsouthernItaly.___36___theafternoonofAugust24,AD79MountVesuviusontheislandofSicilyerupted,___37___(send)outahugecloudofglowingashandbarraging(傾瀉)thesurroundingcountrywithshowersofrock.For28hoursthevolcanocontinuedtopouroutrockandashuntilthecityofPompeiiand___38___unfortunateinhabitantswereburiedundersevenmetresofrockandash.Twothousandpeoplediedinthecatastrophe.ThetownofPompeii___39___(lie)hiddenandforgottenuntil1631whenVesuviuseruptedagainandworkersdiscoveredsomeRomancoins.Overthecourseofthenext200yearsorsovariousartefacts(收藏品)___40___(dig)up.Thesitewasclearedandslowlymoreandmoreuncovered.Theimportanceofthediscoverieswas___41___(eventual)realizedandeffortsweremade___42___(preserve)thesite.___43___(science)studyofthevolcanodidnotbeginuntillateinthe18thcentury.Anobservatorywasopenedin1845at1,995feet,andinthe20thcenturypeoplesetupnumerousstationsatvarious___44___(high)formakingvolcanologicmeasurements.TodayitispossibletovisitPompeiiandwalkdownthestreetsandstillseethefiguresinthesamepositions____45____theywerewhentheashenvelopedthemover1,900yearsago.【答案】36.On37.sending38.its39.lay40.weredug41.eventually42topreserve43.Scientific44.heights45.as【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了龐貝城的維蘇威火山爆發(fā)事件，并說明了火山爆發(fā)的原因。36題詳解】考查介詞。句意：公元79年8月24日下午，西西里島上的維蘇威火山爆發(fā)，噴出大量熾熱的火山灰，并向周圍地區(qū)噴射出如陣雨般的巖石。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，具體某一天下午用介詞“On”。故填On?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：公元79年8月24日下午，西西里島上的維蘇威火山爆發(fā)，噴出大量熾熱的火山灰，并向周圍地區(qū)噴射出如陣雨般的巖石。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句中主語為MountVesuvius，erupted為謂語動詞，此處sending非謂語動詞作狀語,與MountVesuvius在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系。故填sending。【38題詳解】考查代詞。句意：28個(gè)小時(shí)以來，火山繼續(xù)噴出巖石和火山灰，直到龐培城及其不幸的居民被掩埋在7米深的巖石和火山灰之下。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用人稱代詞指代前面的龐貝城的，作定語。故填its?！?9題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：龐培城一直被隱藏和遺忘，直到1631年維蘇威火山再次爆發(fā)，工