Unit 4 Sharing Review Useful Structures 選擇性必修 四

ReviewusefulstructureUnit4SharingGrammarReviewof

phrases英語(yǔ)詞類實(shí)詞虛詞形容詞動(dòng)詞名詞副詞冠詞介詞代詞連詞adj.contentwordsfunctionalwordsv.n.adv.art.prep.pron.conj.什么是短語(yǔ)：由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)詞構(gòu)成按一定的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則圍繞一定的中心詞結(jié)合起來分類及其句法功能：名詞短語(yǔ)與名詞功能相似，主要充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)；動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞功能相似，充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)；形容詞短語(yǔ)與形容詞功能相似，主要充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)；副詞短語(yǔ)與副詞功能相似，主要充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)；介詞短語(yǔ)與介詞功能相似Nounphrase(NP)名詞短語(yǔ)Verbphrase(VP)Adverbialphrase(AdvP)Adjectivephrase(AdjP)

Prepositionalphrase(PreP)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)形容詞短語(yǔ)副詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)類型名詞短語(yǔ)是指以一個(gè)名詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)。指出下列句子中畫線名詞短語(yǔ)所作的句子成分，并注意其組成。1.Theseideasmayseemstrangetoyou.作______2.Weloveourgreatmotherlandverymuch.作______3.Themanwearingablackcoatisourteacher.作_____4.ThosebeautifulflowerscomefromYunnanProvince.作_____5.Weelectedhimmonitorofourclass.作_________主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)合作探究1一、名詞短語(yǔ)(NP)短語(yǔ)或詞組是具有一定意義但不構(gòu)成句子或從句的一組詞。1.名詞短語(yǔ)在句中作名詞用，一般用作_____________________________等。2.名詞短語(yǔ)由“(限定詞)＋(數(shù)詞、形容詞、形容詞短語(yǔ)、描述性名詞)＋

名詞

＋(介詞短語(yǔ))”組成。主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、

賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

【提醒】限定詞包括冠詞(a,an,the)、指示代詞(this,that,these,those等)、物主代詞(my,your,his,her,our,their等)和不定代詞(some,no,neither,both等)。Conclusion1一、名詞短語(yǔ)(NP)指出下列句子中畫線部分所作的成分。Hegotthreegoldmedalsatthe23rdOlympicGames.作_________2.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltlastyear.作_______3.Thisisaveryinterestingbook.作________4.Wemadehimcaptainofourteam.作_________賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)鞏固內(nèi)化1一、名詞短語(yǔ)(NP)判斷句中的名詞短語(yǔ)及其句法功能Hegotthreegoldmedalsatthe23rdOlympicGames.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltlastyear.Thisisaveryinterestingbook.Wemadehimcaptainofourteam.Theflowershopisjustaroundthecornerandyouwon'tmissit.Hehasreceivedanicecoffeecupasagift.Thisisanexcitingexperiencewhichwillneverbeforgotten.WemadeTommonitorofourclass.賓主表賓補(bǔ)主賓賓表賓補(bǔ)（1）連系動(dòng)詞（be/feel/look...）＋形容詞/過去分詞＋介詞beopento

對(duì)……開放beinterestedin

對(duì)……感興趣begladtomeetyou

見到你很高興beusedtosmoking

習(xí)慣于吸煙（2）動(dòng)詞＋v-ing形式/todo/普通名詞enjoydoingsth喜歡做某事

finishdoingsth做完某事wanttoleave

想要離開

plantodosth

計(jì)劃做某事drinkwine

喝酒

walkthedog

遛狗二、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(VP)①

putback放回去

②

callback回電話③

breakdown出故障④

turndown調(diào)小⑤

comeup上升

3、動(dòng)詞＋副詞⑥

blowup爆炸⑦showoff炫耀⑧

giveoff散發(fā)⑨breakout突然發(fā)生⑩

runout用完動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成①

bringabout引起②

contributeto導(dǎo)致③

fallinto陷入 ④

seekfor尋找⑤

burstinto闖入

4、動(dòng)詞＋介詞⑥

lookinto

調(diào)查⑦

seeto

處理；負(fù)責(zé)

⑧

devoteto

貢獻(xiàn)給⑨

dealwith

處理⑩

believein

信任①addupto總計(jì)②keepawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離③lookdownon輕視④keepupwith趕上⑤makeupfor彌補(bǔ)

5、動(dòng)詞＋副詞＋介詞⑥getonwith相處⑦getacrossto使明白⑧getoutof逃避,避免⑨putupwith忍受⑩catchupwith趕上①catchsightof看見,瞥見②makeuseof利用③payattentionto注意 ④makesenseof理解⑤takenoticeof注意到⑥takecareof照看6、動(dòng)詞＋名詞＋介詞⑦takepartin參加⑧takeadvantageof利用⑨t(yī)akepridein

為……感到自豪⑩makeroomfor

為……騰出空間三、形容詞短語(yǔ)(AdjP)指出下列句子中畫線形容詞短語(yǔ)所作的句子成分，并注意其組成。1.Theairtodayisniceandclean.作____________2.Sheisalivelyandlovely

girl.作_________3.Hefoundthefilmveryinteresting.作____________表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

合作探究2形容詞短語(yǔ)是指以一個(gè)形容詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，在句子中的功能相當(dāng)于形容詞。1.形容詞短語(yǔ)在句中作形容詞用，可以修飾名詞或代詞，作_____，還可用作_________或者_(dá)_________等。2.形容詞短語(yǔ)由“(副詞)＋

形容詞

＋(介詞短語(yǔ))”組成。

表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

定語(yǔ)三、形容詞短語(yǔ)(AdjP)Conclusion2指出下列句子中畫線部分所作的成分。1.Thisisasubjectworthyofcarefulstudy.作_________2.OurEnglishteacherisveryniceandpatient.作________3.Ifounditveryhardtogetalongwithforeigners.作_________定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

三、形容詞短語(yǔ)(AdjP)鞏固內(nèi)化2指出畫線形容詞短語(yǔ)所作的句子成分，并注意其組成。1.Theairtodayisniceandclean.作_____2.Sheisalivelyandlovely

girl.作_____3.Hefoundthefilmveryinteresting.作_____4.Thequestionisextremelydifficultforhimtosolve.

作___

__

5.Heisaworkerworthyofpraise.

作___

__6.Exercisecanmakeyouhealthyandenergetic.

作___

__表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

1.概念：以副詞為中心的短語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于副詞2.句法功能:作狀語(yǔ)，可以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。3.常見構(gòu)成：副詞＋副詞。如：verymuch,muchmore，fartoo等。四、副詞短語(yǔ)(AdvP)【提醒】副詞enough在修飾形容詞或者副詞構(gòu)成形容詞短語(yǔ)或者副詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在所修飾的形容詞或者副詞后面。指出畫線副詞短語(yǔ)所作的句子成分，并注意其組成。1.Heranveryquicklyyesterday.

修飾_______作_______2.Iammuchtoopleasedtoseeyou.

修飾_______作_______3.Sheplayswellenoughasabeginner.修飾_______作_______4.Heworkedmuchmorecarefullyonthenewdesign. 修飾_______作_______形容詞

狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞狀語(yǔ)副詞狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞狀語(yǔ)五、介詞短語(yǔ)(PreP)指出畫線介詞短語(yǔ)所作的句子成分，并注意其組成。1.Ifinishedmyhomeworkinthemorning.作_______2.Ithinkthatyoursonmustbeontheplaygroundnow. 作_______3.Theappleonthetableisreservedformylittledaughter. 作_______4.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway. 作_______表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)狀語(yǔ)

以介詞為中心詞的短語(yǔ)叫作介詞短語(yǔ)，可在句子作

等。狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)1．AtfirstRobertwouldn'tlethisdaughtergodiving,buteventuallyhegave______asshewassoconfidentaboutherskills.2．I'mgoingtotakeadvantage______thistourtoexplorethehistoryofthecastle.3．Mr.andMrs.Brownwouldliketoseetheirdaughtersettle________,getmarried,andhavekids.inofdown①clothesshop②developedcountries③thefirststudentstogettoschool④themore,thebetter⑤frombehind⑥infavorof⑦giveup⑧findaseattositonNPNPNPAdjPPrePPrePVPVPLook

at

the

following

phrases

and

recognize

their

types.Identifythephrasesinthefollowingsentencesandstatetheirfunctions.MarknounphrasesasNP,verbphrasesVP,adverbialphrasesAdvp,adjectivephrasesAdjP,andprepositionalphrasesPrepP.1.I'vebeendyingtohavesomeofmyfavouritesweets,

andit'salwaysnicetogetmail!

2.Themixturewasbubblingoutofthetesttubespillingeverywhere!

3.Tombe'sfather,Mukap,amanwithastrongjawandawrinkledforehead,ledustohishouse.

4.Hethenplacedthehotstonesinanemptyoildrumwithkaukau

(sweetpotato),ripecorn,andgreens.

5.Later,Inoticedacanstandingupsidedownonthegrilloverthefire.

6.Mymuscleswereachingandmykneesshakingaswedraggedourselvesdownthemountaintowardshome.EXAMPLEMysecondaryschoolisabushschool.

NP(subject)

NP(predicative)1.I'vebeendyingtohavesomeofmyfavouritesweets,

andit'salwaysnicetogetmail!

2.Themixturewasbubblingoutofthetesttubespilling

everywhere!

3.Tombe'sfather,Mukap,amanwithastrongjawanda

wrinkledforehead,ledustohishouse.VP(predicate)NP(object)AdjP(predicative)VP(realsubject)NP(subject)VP(predicate)NP(object)AdvP(adverbial)NP(subject)NP(appositive)PrepP(attributive)VP(predicate)PrepP(adverbial)4.Hethenplacedthehotstonesinanemptyoildrum

withkaukau

(sweetpotato),ripecorn,andgreens.

5.Later,Inoticedacanstandingupsidedown

onthegrilloverthefire.

6.Mymuscleswereachingandmykneesshakingas

wedraggedourselvesdownthemountain

towardshome.NP(object)PrepP(adverbial)PrepP(adverbial)NP(object)AdvP(adverbial)PrepP(adverbial)PrepP(adverbial)NP(subject)VP(predicate)NP(subject)VP(predicate)AdvP(adverbial)PrepP(adverbial)beautifulmodernroadachorusofdustytrackstraighttowardsalargeamountofinvestmentwithdangerousdisease

Chinahasoffered_____________________tomanycountriesinitsBeltandRoadInitiative.IntheCongo,many________havebeentransformedinto_________________sincethen.Trainsrun__________EuropefromChina,andtoChinafromEurope,bringingnewjobsandopportunitiestobothends.Chinesehealthcareworkershavealsobeensenttoprovideaidtoplaces__________________.Despiteallthedifficultiesinvolvedinthisproject,theseeffortshavebeengreetedwith_________supportfromthelocals.Activity3:Completethepassagewiththephrasesintheirproperforms.(P41)alargeamountofinvestmentdustytracksbeautifulmodernroadsstraighttowardswithdangerousdiseasesachorusofActivity4:Comparethesetwoversionsandfindwhichoneisbetter?why?Chinahasofferedalargeamountofinvestment/money

tomanycountriesinitsBeltandRoadInitiative.IntheCongo,manydustytracks/paths

havebeentransformedintobeautifulmodernroads/roads

sincethen.Trainsrunstraighttowards/toEuropefromChina,andtoChinafromEurope,bringingnewjobsandopportunitiestobothends.Chinesehealthcareworkershavealsobeensenttoprovideaidtodangerousplaces/placeswithdangerousdiseases.Despiteallthedifficultiesinvolvedinthisproject,theseeffortshavebeengreetedwithachorusof/much

supportfromthelocals.1.addmoredetails2.enrichthelanguage3.makethedescriptionvividActivity5:Readthisadvertisementandanswerthefollowingquestions.(P41)Whatdoyouthinkoftheadvertisement?Isanythingmissingorunclear?Activity6:Addphrasestotheadvertisementtomakeitmoreexciting.

InordertoeasesufferinginGuinea__________