2018屆高考英語知識點強化訓(xùn)練14

選修八Unit3練(一)英語知識運用·組塊專練——練準度(限時：30分鐘)Ⅰ.完形填空(2016·太原市高三第二學(xué)段測評)Readingandlearningnewwordsisaboutfindingtheirmeaningandusewithinapassage.Themeaningofunknownwordswhichyou__1__inyourreadingsometimescanbeknownbytheir__2__，thatis,theircontexts.Thecontextofthesentencecantellusthepartofspeech(詞性)ofthe__3__word.Usingthecontextoftheparagraphtodefineunknownwordscanalsobe__4__.Readersoftenhavetroublebecausetheyunderstandthesentencewordbywordinsteadthe__5__meaningofaword,whentheyshouldidentifythewayithasbeenusedinthepassage.Oneconsiderationinusingthecontextistodeterminetheunknownword’spartofspeech.Thewordsaroundtheunknownwordcangiveyou__6__.Onceyouknowifthewordisanounoranadjective,itisoftenenoughforyouto__7__readingwithouthavingtostoptolookupthemeaningoftheword.Aftercomingacrossthewordafewmoretimes,youwillknowitsmeaningmore__8__thanifyouhadjustlookeditup.Comparisoncluesindicatethattwoormorethingsare__9__.Acomparisonispossiblebecausetheknownandunknownwordshave__10__.Thelikenessshowsyouthatcomparisonscanbemade.__11__cluestellyouanexampleofanunknownword.Examplecluesareusually__12__bythefollowingwordsandphrases:suchas,forexample,andlike.Tofindmeaningfromtext-basedclues,youshouldlookforcluesinthesentence.Asecondkindofcluedoesnot__13__onspecificwordstoindicatemeaning.Thiskindofcontextclueiscalledaframework-basedclue.Yourknowledgeofthemeaningofsurroundingwords__14__youdiscoverthemeaningofawordorsentence.Common__15__andyourknowledgeofthepartsofspeechalsohelpdefiningunknownwords.Forexample,theangrydrivershoutedvehementlyduringhisfightwiththeotherdriver.Whatdoes“vehemently”__16__？Youknowwhat__17__means,andyouknowhowpeople__18__whentheyargue.Fromthis,youcan__19__outthat“vehemently”hassomethingtodowithstrong__20__orintensefeeling.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了幾種在閱讀過程中學(xué)習生詞的方法和技巧。1.A.takedown B．lookupC．comeacross D．pickout解析：選C有時候你在閱讀中所遇到的生詞的意思可以通過語境知道其含義。takedown“記下”；lookup“查閱”；comeacross“遇見”；pickout“找出”。下文中的“Aftercomingacrossthewordafewmoretimes”也是提示，故C項正確。2．A.sentences B．wordsC．topics D．surroundings解析：選D根據(jù)“thatis”可知，此空與contexts是同義詞，與下文中的“Thewordsaroundtheunknownword”和“Yourknowledgeofthemeaningofsurroundingwords”呼應(yīng)，故D項正確。3．A.unknown B．a(chǎn)bnormalC．familiar D．negative解析：選A句子的語境可以告訴我們生詞的詞性。與上文中的“unknownwords”呼應(yīng)可知，此處是指生詞，故A項正確。abnormal“不正常的”；familiar“熟悉的”；negative“負面的”。4．A.unique B．naturalC．helpful D．common解析：選C利用段落的語境來確定生詞也是有幫助的。與下文中的“Common__15__andyourknowledgeofthepartsofspeechalsohelpdefiningunknownwords.”呼應(yīng)，故C項正確。5．A.correct B．inconvenientC．different D．satisfactory解析：選A讀者經(jīng)常遇到麻煩，因為他們逐字理解句子而不是(理解)一個詞的正確意思。根據(jù)空格前的“Readersoftenhavetrouble”可推知，讀者沒有理解一個詞的正確意思，即A項正確。6．A.cases B．reasonsC．effects D．clues解析：選D生詞周圍的詞可以給你(提供)線索。與下文中的“Comparisonclues”呼應(yīng)，故D項正確。7．A.translate B．interviewC．continue D．examine解析：選C一旦你知道了這個詞是名詞還是形容詞，那么你就可以不必停下來去查這個詞的意思而繼續(xù)讀下去。根據(jù)空格后的“withouthavingtostop”可知，此處應(yīng)用continue“繼續(xù)”，故C項正確。8．A.strangely B．uncertainlyC．potentially D．firmly解析：選Dstrangely“奇怪地”；uncertainly“猶豫地”；potentially“潛在地”；firmly“堅定地”。根據(jù)空格前的“Aftercomingacrossthewordafewmoretimes”可知，在生詞出現(xiàn)的頻率較高的情況下，根據(jù)語境，讀者就可以更加確定其具體的含義，故D項正確。9．A.alike B．meaningfulC．proper D．great解析：選A比較性線索表明兩個或多個事物是相似的。根據(jù)下文中的“Thelikeness”可知，此處表示事物的相似性，故A項正確。10．A.properties B．similaritiesC．possibilities D．personalities解析：選B之所以可能作比較是因為認識的詞和不認識的詞之間有相似性。根據(jù)下文中的“Thelikeness”可知，similarity“相似性”，符合語境。11．A.Popularity B．ConsiderationC．Example D．Comparison解析：選C例子線索會通過舉例來提示讀者。與空格后的“anexample”和“Exampleclues”呼應(yīng)，故C項正確。12．A.affected B．a(chǎn)djustedC．changed D．introduced解析：選D例子線索通常通過以下詞或短語來提出。affect“影響”；adjust“調(diào)整”；change“改變”；introduce“提出”。故D項正確。13．A.focus B．spendC．carry D．rely解析：選D另一種線索并不是靠具體的詞來表明(生詞的)意思的。與上文“text-basedclues”形成對比，這種線索不是依賴上下文而得出詞義的，故D項正確。relyon“依賴”，符合語境。14．A.prevents B．helpsC．tells D．displays解析：選B你對附近的詞的意思的理解有助于你了解一個詞或一個句子的意思。故B項正確。15．A.point B．tasteC．a(chǎn)wareness D．sense解析：選D常識和對詞性的了解也有助于(讀者)給生詞下定義。固定搭配：commonsense意為“常識”，符合語境，故D項正確。16．A.mean B．useC．contain D．complete解析：選A“vehemently”是什么意思呢？與下文中的“Youknowwhat__17__means”形成呼應(yīng)，故A項正確。17．A.angry B．gratefulC．happy D．a(chǎn)nxious解析：選A你知道angry是什么意思，而且你(也)知道人們在爭辯時的感受。與上文中的“theangrydriver”呼應(yīng)，故A項正確。18．A.act B．sayC．feel D．think解析：選C根據(jù)上文中的“theangrydriver”和空格所在句中的“howpeople__18__whentheyargue”可推知，C項正確。19．A.come B．figureC．take D．set解析：選B由此你可以弄清楚“vehemently”與強烈的情感或緊張的情緒有關(guān)。comeout“出現(xiàn)；出版”；figureout“弄明白”；takeout“切除”；setout“出發(fā)”。20．A.demand B．a(chǎn)mbitionC．a(chǎn)ttitude D．emotion解析：選Ddemand“要求”；ambition“野心”；attitude“態(tài)度”；emotion“情感”。與語境“orintensefeeling”呼應(yīng)可知，此處表示情感，故D項正確。Ⅱ.語法填空(2016·秦皇島市高三質(zhì)檢)IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassetting__1__mycarbrokedownneararemotevillage.Cursingmy__2__(fortune),IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundme__3__(argue)astowhoshouldhavethehonourofreceivingme__4__aguestintheirhouse.Finally,Iacceptedtheofferof__5__80-year-oldpeasantwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingmesettledintoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorse__6__mycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometersaway__7__therewasagarage.Ihadnoticedthreehens__8__(run)freeinmyhostess’courtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.Othervillagersbroughtmegoats’cheeseandhoney.Wedranktogetherandtalked__9__(merry)tillfarintothenight.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleI__10__(cause)her.Butsherefused.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________語篇解讀：“我”在去TaiyetosMountains的途中車子壞了，這時熱情的村民幫助了“我”。1