高考英語長難句解析省公開課一等獎(jiǎng)全國示范課微課金獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

解析高考英語閱讀中長難句1/34

在閱讀中，我們經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到一些長而難句子。長難句通常含有較多、較長修飾成份、并列成份或從句。長難句豐富內(nèi)容和復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)往往會(huì)造成了解困難。了解長難句關(guān)鍵是了解長難句類型，理清句子成份，抓住句子中關(guān)鍵部分。2/341、帶有較多成份簡單句。Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomen’smagazines，thetoothpastemarketer，forinstance，mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazinestobeused.

一、長難句分類3/342、含有多個(gè)簡單句并列句。Inthe1970s,hewasasurgeonatYale，andhadawonderfulwifeandfivebeautifulchildren，buthewasterriblyunhappy.4/34Ican’tliveinfearofthepossibilitythatastheearth’spopulationgrowsandweusemoreandmoreofournonrenewable(不能再生)resources，ourchildrenmayhavetoleadpoorerlives.3、含有多個(gè)從句復(fù)合句。5/344、含有多個(gè)插入成份句子。Hisjourneytothee-mailhellbeganinnocently（無知地）enoughwhen,aschairmanofComputerAssociatesInternational，asoftwarecompany，hefirstheardhowquicklyhisemployeeshadacceptedtheirnewelectronic-mailsystem.6/345、并列復(fù)合句。Ihaveknownchangesforthebetterandchangesfortheworse，butIhaveneverquestionedthefactthatwhetherIlikeditornot，changewasunavoidable.7/34Before1066,inthelandwenowcallGreatBritainlivedpeoplesbelongingtotwomajorlanguagegroups.6、倒裝句。8/34

1、復(fù)合從句

句子較長，一個(gè)從句套著另一個(gè)從句，環(huán)環(huán)相扣。不論句子有多長有多復(fù)雜，它只由兩部分組成，即主干和修飾成份。主干是整個(gè)句子骨架，主要指主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)或主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。而修飾成份在句中只起修飾或補(bǔ)充主干作用，它既能夠是單詞，也能夠是短語，更常見則是從句，尤其是定語從句和狀語從句。我們應(yīng)經(jīng)過仔細(xì)分析，將每個(gè)修飾成份劃出來，找出句子主干，這么整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)就清楚了。

二、長難句歸納9/342、分隔結(jié)構(gòu)

為了調(diào)整語氣和增加補(bǔ)充信息，更主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，防止頭重腳輕，使語義嚴(yán)密，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，可將語法關(guān)系親密兩個(gè)句子成份用其它語法成份分隔開來，這就是所謂分隔結(jié)構(gòu)?？荚囍谐霈F(xiàn)較多是插入語、用破折號(hào)插入新話題或補(bǔ)充信息。另外，還有一些句子成份（普通是定語）過長而出現(xiàn)后置，也能夠看作是插入現(xiàn)象。只不過它只是句子原有成份位置調(diào)整，沒有新增信息。

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3、成份省略

在英語句子中，節(jié)約用詞是一條主要修辭標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。省略主要是為了防止重復(fù)，突出關(guān)鍵詞并使上下文緊密連接。成份省略普通和從句相結(jié)合，一正一反，使句子富于改變，增強(qiáng)表現(xiàn)力。

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4、改變語序

改變語序主要指倒裝句式。這種打破相對(duì)固定常規(guī)語序做法，或是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子意義表示重心，或是強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)表示語氣，如虛擬語氣、否定語氣等。這些句子往往和一些副詞、連詞相關(guān)，有顯著標(biāo)志。12/34

(1)

結(jié)構(gòu)分析法

所謂結(jié)構(gòu)分析法，就是經(jīng)過語法分析，快速搞清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，把握住句子基本框架。首先，判斷該句是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句；然后，找出句子關(guān)鍵成份，分清主語和謂語，再分清句子從屬成份。

三、分析長難句方法策略13/34句子判斷簡單句并列句復(fù)合句主干并列連詞隸屬連詞14/34

However,whospecializeinageingthehumanbodyisjustnotdesignedtolastpastabout120years.

方法一：較復(fù)雜單句處理方法——找主、謂語，即找主干成份

manyscientistsaredoubtfulaboutitandsay15/34方法二：并列句處理方法——找并列連詞MissGermaine’smotherlookedanxiousthroughtheweddingMr.Cordell’sparentsarereportedtobelessthandelighted.

and16/34方法三：主從復(fù)合句處理方法——找隸屬連詞awoman’sclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage，itwasn’tunusualtohearamansayhedidn’tknowhisfriend’smarriagewasinserioustroubleheappearedonenightaskinghecouldsleeponthesofa.Whereasthatthatuntilif17/34方法四：并列和主從復(fù)合句并存處理方法——先讀懂并列句，再看主從復(fù)合句youaskpeopletonameonepersonhadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguage,youwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare”,“SamuelJohnson”,and“Webster”,noneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamandidn’tevenspeakEnglish—William,theConqueror.butIfwhowho18/34

(2)意群閱讀法

意群閱讀法即把意義和語法結(jié)構(gòu)上相關(guān)聯(lián)幾個(gè)詞連接成較完整信息。此方法不但有利于提升閱讀速度，而且有利于對(duì)句子整體了解。

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分析：①是狀語從句，②是主句，③是with引導(dǎo)介詞短語作狀語，修飾謂語。這么，把整個(gè)句子劃為3個(gè)意群，能夠大大提升閱讀速度。

Whentwocarstravellingat30mhhiteachother，anunbelteddriverwouldmeetthewindshieldwithaforceequaltodivingheadfirstintothegroundfromaheightof10meters.20/341.句子信息量大，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，附加成分多（幾個(gè)從句同時(shí)出現(xiàn)）2.分隔現(xiàn)象普遍（主謂分隔、同位語分隔、定語分隔等）3.省略現(xiàn)象

四、長難句幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)

這些都增加了閱讀難度。所以在回歸語篇復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，要利用所學(xué)知識(shí)去突破英語閱讀中長難句。21/34五、分析長難句注意事項(xiàng)1、是否有同位語和插入語。2、是否有省略、倒裝和分隔等現(xiàn)象。3、替換詞所指對(duì)象。4、判斷并列成份層次。5、句首并列連詞and、or、but、for通常起承上啟下作用，不要將他們歸入后文句法分析。6、在從句多句子中，從句中又包含從句現(xiàn)象。7、非限定動(dòng)詞短語在句中作次要成份（定語和狀語）時(shí)又帶著自己較長隸屬成份，尤其是狀語從句或賓語從句時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)分析。8、在有多個(gè)從句復(fù)合句和并列句中，狀語（單個(gè)詞、短語或從句）終究是全句修飾語還是某個(gè)從句或詞語修飾語。22/34六、長難句分析實(shí)例經(jīng)典高考真題（NMET.A篇）實(shí)例分析，分析下面這篇文章共有194個(gè)單詞，卻只有9個(gè)句子，平均每個(gè)句子大約有22個(gè)單詞，是近幾年高考英語閱讀了解中一篇比較經(jīng)典集中含有長難句文章。23/34TristandaCunha,a38-square-mileisland,isthefarthestinhabitedislandintheworld,accordingtotheGuinnessBookofRecords.Itis1,510milessouthwestofitsnearestneighborSt.Helena,and1,950mileswestofAfrica.DiscoveredbythePortugueseadmiral(葡萄牙海軍上將)ofthesamenamein1506,andsettledin1810,theislandbelongstoGreatBritainandhasapopulationofafewhundred.Cominginaclosesecond——andoftenwronglymentionedasthemostdistantisland——isEasterIsland,whichlies1,260mileseastofitsnearestneighbor,PitcairnIsland,and2,300mileswestofSouthAmerica.Themountainous64-square-mileislandwassettledaroundthe5thcentury,supposedlybypeoplewhowerelostatsea.Theyhadnoconnectionwiththeoutsideworldformorethanathousandyears,givingthemplentyoftimetobuildmorethan1,000hugestonefigures,calledmoai,forwhichtheislandismostfamous.OnEasterSunday,1722,however,settlersfromHollandmovedinandgavetheislanditsname.Today,2,000peopleliveontheChileanterritory(智利領(lǐng)土).Theyshareonestreet,asmallairportandafewhoursoftelevisionperday.24/341.What’sthenameofthePortugueseadmiral?2.What’stheEasterIslandwell-knownfor?EasterB.St.HelenaC.TristandaCunhaD.PitcairnthemostdistantislandB.MoaiC.onestreetD.EasterSunday25/34a38-square-mileisland,isthefarthestinhabitedislandintheworld,accordingtotheGuinnessBookofRecords.Itis1,510milessouthwestofitsnearestneighborSt.Helena,and1,950mileswestofAfrica.

andsettledin1810,theislandbelongstoGreatBritainandhasapopulationofafewhundred.Cominginaclosesecond——andoftenwronglymentionedasthemostdistantisland——isEasterIsland,whichlies1,260mileseastofitsnearestneighbor,PitcairnIsland,and2,300mileswestofSouthAmerica.Themountainous64-square-mileislandwassettledaroundthe5thcentury,supposedlybypeoplewhowerelostatsea.Theyhadnoconnectionwiththeoutsideworldformorethanathousandyears,givingthemplentyoftimeOnEasterSunday,1722,however,settlersfromHollandmovedinandgavetheislanditsname.Today,2,000peopleliveontheChileanterritory(智利領(lǐng)土).Theyshareonestreet,asmallairportandafewhoursoftelevisionperday.DiscoveredbythePortugueseadmiral(葡萄牙海軍上將)ofthesamenamein1506,

TristandaCunha,tobuildmorethan1,000hugestonefigures,calledMoai,forwhichtheislandismostfamous.26/34

TristandaCunha,isthefarthestinhabitedislandintheworld,a38-square-mileisland,accordingtotheGuinnessBookofRecords.27/34Itis1,510milessouthwestofitsnearestneighborSt.Helena,1,950mileswestofAfrica.and28/34DiscoveredbythePortugueseadmiral(葡萄牙海軍上將)ofthesamenamein1506,andsettledin1810,GreatBritainapopulationofafewhundred.theislandbelongstoandhas29/34——andoftenwronglymentionedasthemostdistantisland——