北京市西城區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題【含答案解析】

北京市西城區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末試卷高三英語第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。OnJuly22nd,18-year-oldColleenKnull,avolunteerfirefighter,facedadangeroussituationwhenawildfirerapidlyspreadthroughJasperNationalPark.Knull,withlessthanayearofexperienceattheEnderbyFireDepartment,spotted___1___risingfromthemountainside.Hertrainingimmediately___2___.“IsawthesmokeandusedsomeoftheknowledgeIhadgainedtoreadit,understandthewinddirection,and___3___howclosethefirewas,”shesaid.Beforeanofficialevacuation(疏散)orderwasissued,Knulldecidedtoact.Shebeganknockingoncabindoorsatthelodge(旅館),___4___guestsaboutthefire.Then,realizingthathikersatanearbycampgroundwereunawareofthe___5___,shequicklywalkedupthetrailtoevacuatethem.Leadingagroupof16people,Knullguidedthemonatough,four-hourhikethroughthicksmokeanddifficultconditions.“Thesmokewasheavy,myeyeswereburning,andashkeptfalling,”saidRebeccaTocher,oneofthehikers.Despitethese___6___,Knullremainedcalmandkeptthegroupfocused.Knull’sfamiliaritywiththeareaandherfirefightingskillsproved___7___.Afterhoursofstruggling,thegroupfinallymadeitoutofthesmokyforestandreachedasafeareawherehelpwaswaiting.Authoritieslater___8___Knull’sefforts,callingheraheroforhercalmnessandleadershipunderextremepressure.ForKnull,theexperiencewasapowerfulreminderoftheimportanceofpreparationandcommunity.“Ididn’tdoitalone,”shesaid___9___.“ThetrainingIreceivedandthe____10____thegroupplacedinmemadeitpossible.”1.A.dust B.smoke C.cloud D.steam2.A.kickedin B.gaveout C.addedup D.caughton3.A.show B.prove C.assess D.track4.A.calling B.asking C.teaching D.warning5.A.program B.danger C.arrangement D.fear6.A.challenges B.limitations C.findings D.consequences7.A.unique B.cautious C.vital D.popular8.A.evaluated B.supported C.applauded D.resisted9.A.humbly B.confidently C.honestly D.nervously10.A.honor B.gratitude C.request D.trust【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D5.B6.A7.C8.C9.A10.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講述的是18歲的志愿消防員科琳·克諾爾（ColleenKnull）在加拿大賈斯珀國家公園（JasperNationalPark）野火迅速蔓延時的英勇表現(xiàn)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Knull在安德消防部門工作不到一年，他發(fā)現(xiàn)山坡上冒出了煙。A.dust灰塵；B.smoke煙；C.cloud云；D.steam蒸汽。根據(jù)下文“Isawthesmoke”可知，他是發(fā)現(xiàn)山坡上冒煙了。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：她的訓(xùn)練立刻起了作用。A.kickedin開始生效；B.gaveout分發(fā)；C.addedup加起來；D.caughton變得流行。根據(jù)下文“usedsomeoftheknowledgeIhadgainedtoreadit”可知，她平時的訓(xùn)練起了作用，空格處意為“開始生效”。故選A。【3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她說：“我看到了煙霧，并利用我所掌握的一些知識來解讀它，了解風(fēng)向，并評估火勢有多近?！盇.show展示；B.prove證明；C.assess評估；D.track跟蹤。根據(jù)下文“howclosethefirewas”可知，她評估火勢有多近。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她開始敲小屋的門，警告客人著火了。A.calling打電話；B.asking問；C.teaching教；D.warning警告。根據(jù)下文“guestsaboutthefire”可知，她是警告那些客人著火了。故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，她意識到附近露營地的徒步旅行者沒有意識到危險，她迅速走上小路疏散他們。A.program項目；B.danger危險；C.arrangement安排；D.fear害怕。根據(jù)上文“thefire”可知，起火了，很危險，但是那些旅行者沒有意識到危險。故選B。【6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管面臨這些挑戰(zhàn)，Knull仍然保持冷靜，讓團隊保持專注。A.challenges挑戰(zhàn)；B.limitations局限性；C.findings發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.consequences后果。根據(jù)上文“Thesmokewasheavy,myeyeswereburning,andashkeptfalling”可知，煙很重，火挺大的，這對她來說是挑戰(zhàn)。故選A?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Knull對該地區(qū)的熟悉和她的消防技能證明是至關(guān)重要的。A.unique獨特的；B.cautious謹(jǐn)慎的；C.vital至關(guān)重要的；D.popular受歡迎的。根據(jù)上文“Knull’sfamiliaritywiththeareaandherfirefightingskills”可知，Knull對該地區(qū)的熟悉和她的消防技能證明是至關(guān)重要的。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)局后來贊揚了Knull的努力，稱她為英雄，因為她在極端壓力下的冷靜和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力。A.evaluated評價；B.supported支持；C.applauded稱贊，贊許；D.resisted抵抗。根據(jù)下文“callingheraheroforhercalmnessandleadershipunderextremepressure”可知，當(dāng)局贊揚了她。故選C?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：“我不是一個人干的，”她謙虛地說。A.humbly謙虛地；B.confidently自信地；C.honestly誠實地；D.nervously緊張地。根據(jù)上文“Ididn’tdoitalone”可知，她謙虛地說不是她一個人干的。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我所接受的訓(xùn)練和團隊對我的信任使得這一切成為可能。A.honor榮譽；B.gratitude感激；C.request要求；D.trust信任。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“keptthegroupfocused”和下文“thegroupplacedinmemadeitpossible”可知，團隊是信任她的，她所接受的訓(xùn)練和團隊對她的信任使得這一切成為可能。故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Mysons,LiamandPatrick,lovebakingourfamily’sspecialSwedishbread,____11____wemakeonlyonceayear.Therecipewaspasseddownfrommygreat-grandmothertomygreat-uncleOlof,whobakediteveryweekandlatertaughtit____12____mewhenIwasfourteen.Aswebake,wesharefamilystories.Bakingtogethernotonlyhelpsusconnectwithourfamily’spastbutalsoallowsustocreatenewmemories.Oneday,Ihopemyboys____13____(carry)onthesetraditions,passingthestoriesandrecipestotheirownchildren.【答案】11.which12.to13.willcarry【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是家庭傳統(tǒng)瑞典面包的烘焙過程，以及它在家族成員間傳承的重要性，通過這個過程，家族的歷史與記憶得以延續(xù)和珍藏?！?1題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我的兒子們，利亞姆和帕特里克，喜歡烤我們家特有的瑞典面包，這種面包我們一年只做一次。此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少賓語，所以此處使用關(guān)系代詞，先行詞“specialSwedishbread”指的是物，所以此處使用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which?！?2題詳解】考查介詞。句意：這個配方從我的曾祖母傳給了我叔祖父奧洛夫，他每周都會烤它，后來在我十四歲時教給了我。此處為固定短語“teachsth.tosb.”意為“教給某人某事”符合句意。故填to。【13題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：我希望有一天我的孩子們能把這些傳統(tǒng)傳承下去，把故事和食譜傳給他們的孩子。此處為賓語從句中的謂語動詞，結(jié)合句意可知，此處描述的是希望將來發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)該使用一般將來時態(tài)來表示這一愿望。故填willcarry。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。OnNovember17,2024,China’sfirstdomesticallybuiltoceandrillingship,Mengxiang,or“Dream,”____14____(enter)serviceinGuangzhou.MengxiangisthelargestscientificresearchshipeverbuiltinChina.Itsmostremarkablefeatureisitsabilitytodrillasdeepas11kilometersbelowtheseafloor.Aftersamples____15____(collect),heship’sautomatedsystembringsthemaboardforanalysisinninelaboratoriesspecializingin____16____(field)suchasgeologyandmicrobiology.Theship’suniquepropulsion(推進)systemimprovessafety,____17____(enable)ittooperateinroughseaconditionsandevenduringsupertyphoons.【答案】14.entered15.arecollected16.fields17.enabling【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講的是中國首艘國產(chǎn)深海鉆探船“夢想”號于2024年11月17日在廣州正式投入使用?！?4題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：2024年11月17日，中國第一艘國產(chǎn)海洋鉆井船“夢想”號在廣州開始服役。空處是句子的謂語動詞，由OnNovember17,2024可知，句子描述過去的事情，時態(tài)用一般過去時，空格處用過去式，故填entered?！?5題詳解】考查時態(tài)，被動語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：采集完樣本后，船上的自動化系統(tǒng)將它們送到9個專門從事地質(zhì)學(xué)和微生物學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的實驗室進行分析?？仗幨菑木涞闹^語動詞，由主句謂語brings可知，句子時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語samples與collect之間是被動關(guān)系，即“樣本被收集”，因此句子用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，主語samples是復(fù)數(shù)，be動詞用are。故填arecollected?！?6題詳解】考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意：采集完樣本后，船上的自動化系統(tǒng)將它們送到9個專門從事地質(zhì)學(xué)和微生物學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的實驗室進行分析。field在此處意為“領(lǐng)域”，是可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)后面列舉的“suchasgeologyandmicrobiology”可知，不止一個領(lǐng)域，所以要用復(fù)數(shù)形式fields，故填fields?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：該船獨特的推進系統(tǒng)提高了安全性，使其能夠在惡劣的海況下甚至在超級臺風(fēng)期間運行。句中謂語是improves，空格處用非謂語動詞，Theship’suniquepropulsion(推進)system和enable之間是主謂關(guān)系，因此空格處用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，作狀語，故填enabling。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Inthefuture,wemaynolongerneedchemicalpesticides(農(nóng)藥)tohelpcropsgrow.Chinesescientistshavediscoveredasmallmolecule(分子)called2’cADPRinplantcellsthatcanstimulateimmunity.Thismoleculemaybedevelopedintoanewtypeofbiopesticide.“Oncethisbiopesticideisputintouse,itwillworkwhen____18____(apply)totheplantsurface,”saidWanLi,oneoftheresearchers.“Basedonexistingscientificknowledge,ithasthepotentialtobeusedonvariousplants____19____(fight)manydiseases.”Wanalsomentionedthatthesmallmoleculehasalreadystartedproduction.Thenextstepistocontinuetestingitseffectivenessinthefield,withthehopeofputtingitinto____20____(practice)usesoon.【答案】18.applied19.tofight20.practical【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹的是研究人員正在研制的一種生物殺蟲劑?！?8題詳解】考查狀語從句的省略。研究人員萬里說：“這種生物農(nóng)藥一旦投入使用，在植物表面施用時就會起作用?！备鶕?jù)空格前的連詞when和所給動詞apply可知，此處考查狀語從句的省略。when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句應(yīng)該是whenitisappliedtotheplantsurface，從句的主語和主句的主語一致且從句中有be動詞is，符合狀語從句省略的條件，可以省略從句的主語和be動詞。故填applied?！?9題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的科學(xué)知識，它有可能被用于各種植物來對抗許多疾病。beusedtodo“被用于……”是固定搭配，所以空格處應(yīng)該用不定式，作目的狀語。故填tofight。【20題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：下一步是繼續(xù)在實地測試其有效性，希望很快將其投入實際使用。根據(jù)空格后的名詞use可知，空格處應(yīng)該用形容詞practical作定語，修飾后面的名詞use。故填practical。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AThankyouforyourinterestinvolunteeringatBrightviewChildren’sResearchHospital.Eachyear,hundredsofvolunteersdonatetheirtimeandprovidemuch-neededsupporttoourpatientsandtheirfamilies.Volunteersserveinavarietyofroles,deliveringthecareandservicesourpatientfamiliesdeserve.Roles:·Playinggamesandprovidingactivitiesforchildren.·Providingtemporarycareinclinical/inpatientsettings.·Deliveringdrinks,toys,andothernecessaryitemsfromvariouscarts.·Providingdirectionsandassistingwithdoors.Qualifications:·Beatleast18yearsofageandnotattendinghighschool.Thoseunder18musthavewrittenpermissionfromaparentorlegalguardian.·Committoatleasteightcontinuousmonthsofservice,includingcompletingthreeormorefour-hourshiftseachmonth.·Passacriminalbackgroundcheck.Backgroundscreeningmayincludecriminalhistory,educationhistory,andcreditreports.·Requiredvaccinations(疫苗接種):Fluvaccinationduringfluseasonandannually;Measles,Mumps,andRubella(MMR);Chickenpox;andTuberculosis(TB)screeningandclearance.VolunteerCodeofConductandEthics:·Donotmakecommitmentsyoumaybeunabletofulfill.Forday-of-eventroles,ifyoucannotappearfororcompletetheshift(s)youregisteredfor,cancelyourregistrationatleastoneweekpriortothescheduledroleorshift.·WhenusingtheInternet,beawareofyoursurroundings.Considerhowyourbehaviormightbeperceivedbypatientsorothersnearby.Neverpostanythingaboutpatientsormembersonsocialmedia,evenifyouomitnamesorthinkyou’veremovedallidentifiers.·Volunteersshouldneverofferadviceorguidancetopatientsaboutmedical,personal,financial,orotherdecisions,evenifasked.Encouragepatientstodiscusstheirconcernswithappropriatestaff.·Itisnotappropriatetobecomefriendswithpatients.Volunteersareencouragedtobefriendly,caring,andsupportivewhilemaintainingprofessionalboundariesandfollowingprofessionalstandards.IfyouhavespecificquestionsaboutindividualvolunteeropportunitiesatBrightview,pleasereadourHospitalVolunteerFAQsorcontactvolunteers@B.21.WhatdovolunteersatBrightviewdo?A.Delivertakeout. B.Makedrinksandtoys.C.Provideconsistentcare. D.Guidepeopleintherightdirection.22.Accordingtothispassage,whoisqualifiedforthepost?A.Acollegestudentwhowantstotakeasix-monthgap.B.Afull-timehousewifewhoissensitivetofluvaccines.CA50-year-oldself-employedpersonwhoiswillingtoworkshifts.D.An18-year-oldhighschoolstudentwhowantstobeadoctorinthefuture.23.Whichcodeofconductshouldvolunteersfollow?A.AvoidusingtheInternetinthehospital.B.Givepatientspersonaladvicewhenconfident.C.Removepatients’nameswhenpostingphotosonsocialmedia.D.Canceltheregistrationatleast7daysinadvanceiftheycannotcome.【答案】21.D22.C23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要講的是關(guān)于在Brightview兒童研究醫(yī)院做志愿者的相關(guān)信息?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Roles:部分“Providingdirectionsandassistingwithdoors.(指路并協(xié)助開門。)”可知，Brightview的志愿者引導(dǎo)人們走正確的方向。故選D。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Qualifications:部分“Beatleast18yearsofageandnotattendinghighschool.(年滿18歲，未在上高中。)”，“Committoatleasteightcontinuousmonthsofservice,includingcompletingthreeormorefour-hourshiftseachmonth.(承諾至少連續(xù)服務(wù)8個月，包括每月完成3次或更多4小時輪班。)”可知，50歲，自雇人士，愿意輪班工作的人有資格擔(dān)任這個職位。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)VolunteerCodeofConductandEthics:部分第一段的“Forday-of-eventroles,ifyoucannotappearfororcompletetheshift(s)youregisteredfor,cancelyourregistrationatleastoneweekpriortothescheduledroleorshift.(對于活動當(dāng)天的角色安排，如果您無法出席或無法完成您已注冊的值班（班次），請在預(yù)定的角色或值班開始前至少一周取消您的注冊。)”可知，志愿者應(yīng)該遵守的準(zhǔn)則是如不能到場，請至少提前7天取消報名。故選D。BAfterthedeadlyhurricaneinOctober,TaylorSchenker,wholivesinCanton,NorthCarolina,nearhard-hitAsheville,wentforawalkwithherfriendtocheckoutthehomesdestroyedinthedisaster.“Wespentaboutfourhoursdiggingthroughthemud,lookingforanybelongingswecouldfind,”Schenkersaid.Duringtheprocess,shefoundsomephotographsthatdidn’tbelongtothemandlaidthemout,hopingtheycouldbereunitedwiththeirowners.Schenkersaidthatthinkingaboutthephotosshehadleftbehindkeptherupthatnight.Shewasafraidthatifitrainedorthewindblew,thephotoswouldn’tbeabletobereunitedwiththeirfamilies.Thenextday,Schenkerwentbacktocollectthephotosandendedupfindingmore—about200ofthem—containingschoolportraits,birthdaycards,andimagesofchildhoodfriendsandfamiliesonvacation.Shesaiditwasclearthatthephotosbelongedtomultiplefamilies,andsheunderstoodhowspecialsuchmemoriescouldbetothem.Realizinghowmanyimportantfamilymemoriesshenowhadinherpossession,shecreatedthePhotosfromHelenepage—avirtuallost-and-foundwherepeoplecouldrecognizeandreclaimtheirphotos.Shehopedpeoplewouldrecognizethephotosonherpageandthatwordofmouthwouldhelpreunitethemwiththeirrightfulowners.Schenkertookthephotoshome,cleanedthemoff,andorganizedthemintofoldersandbinsforsafekeepinguntiltheycouldbereturnedtotheirowners.Schenkermailedphotostopeoplewhowerenolongerinthearea,butshealsohand-deliveredthosethatbelongedtofamilieswhostilllivednearby.Eachreunionservedasaheartwarmingreminderoftheimportanceofherwork.Inoneinstance,BeckyTateandherdaughterbothrecognizedtheirphotosontheonlinepage.Tate’sdaughter,Nancy,commentedthathermomwasintearswhentheymadethediscovery.“Theprocessisdefinitelyfulfilling,”Schenkersaid.“It’senjoyabletowitnessthemomentwhenaphotographisreturnedtoitsrightfulowner,andtoobservepeopleinthecommentsmentioningeachotherandsharingtheirthoughtsandsaying,‘Ohmygosh,youjustremindedmeofthismomentinmylifethatIhadtotallyforgottenabout.’”Shesaidshechosethenameforherpagebecausemostofthephotosthey’veseencomeoutofthehurricaneshowthedevastation(破壞)leftbehind—butherPhotosfromHelenearehappymemoriesofAshevilleandthelivesthere.24.WhatcanweknowaboutthephotosonSchenker’spage?A.Theywereallproofofthehurricane.B.Theywereseriouslydamagedinthestorm.C.Theywereleftbehindbysomefamiliesonpurpose.DTheywerediscoveredinareasimpactedbythehurricane.25.WhichsentencebestexpressesSchenker’smotivationforherpage?A.“Thehurricanedestroyedeverythinginitspath.”B.“Iwantedtocleanthephotosandkeepthemasmemories.”C.“Irealizedhowimportantthesephotosmustbetosomeone.”D.“Itwasjustsosadtoseesomanyphotosspreadanddamaged.”26.WhywereSchenker’sactionsimportantafterthehurricane?A.Theygavecomforttothoseaffected.B.Theyinspiredotherstovolunteerandhelp.C.Theyprovidedsuppliestofamiliesinneed.D.Theyraisedawarenessofsurvivors’struggles.27.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeSchenker?A.Curious. B.Caring. C.Ambitious. D.Adventurous.【答案】24.D25.C26.A27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要報道了在北卡羅來納州坎頓經(jīng)歷了一場致命颶風(fēng)后，TaylorSchenker幫助尋找并歸還受災(zāi)居民遺失的照片的故事?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“AfterthedeadlyhurricaneinOctober(10月那場致命的颶風(fēng)過后)”和第二段““Wespentaboutfourhoursdiggingthroughthemud,lookingforanybelongingswecouldfind,”Schenkersaid.Duringtheprocess,shefoundsomephotographsthatdidn’tbelongtothemandlaidthemout,hopingtheycouldbereunitedwiththeirowners.(“我們花了大約四個小時在泥漿中挖掘，尋找我們能找到的任何東西，”Schenker說。在這個過程中，她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些不屬于它們的照片，并把它們放了出來，希望它們能和它們的主人團聚。)”可知，Schenker頁面上的照片是在受颶風(fēng)影響的地區(qū)被發(fā)現(xiàn)的。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Shesaiditwasclearthatthephotosbelongedtomultiplefamilies,andsheunderstoodhowspecialsuchmemoriescouldbetothem.(她說，很明顯，這些照片屬于多個家庭，她明白這樣的記憶對他們來說有多特別。)”和第四段“Shehopedpeoplewouldrecognizethephotosonherpageandthatwordofmouthwouldhelpreunitethemwiththeirrightfulowners.(她希望人們能認(rèn)出她頁面上的照片，并希望口口相傳能幫助它們與真正的主人團聚。)”可知，Schenker創(chuàng)建網(wǎng)頁是因為她意識到那些照片對那些人很重要，所以最能表達她的目的的句子是““Irealizedhowimportantthesephotosmustbetosomeone.”(“我意識到這些照片對某人來說有多重要。”)”。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Schenkermailedphotostopeoplewhowerenolongerinthearea,butshealsohand-deliveredthosethatbelongedtofamilieswhostilllivednearby.Eachreunionservedasaheartwarmingreminderoftheimportanceofherwork.(Schenker把照片寄給那些已經(jīng)不在這個地區(qū)的人，但她也親手把那些仍然住在附近的家庭的照片寄給他們。每次團聚都溫馨地提醒著她工作的重要性。)”可知，Schenker在颶風(fēng)過后的行動如此重要是因為它們安慰那些受影響的人。故選A。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Schenkersaidthatthinkingaboutthephotosshehadleftbehindkeptherupthatnight.Shewasafraidthatifitrainedorthewindblew,thephotoswouldn’tbeabletobereunitedwiththeirfamilies.(Schenker說，一想到她留下的照片，她那天晚上就睡不著覺。她擔(dān)心如果下雨或刮風(fēng)，這些照片就不能和家人團聚了。)”和第四段“Realizinghowmanyimportantfamilymemoriesshenowhadinherpossession,shecreatedthePhotosfromHelenepage—avirtuallost-and-foundwherepeoplecouldrecognizeandreclaimtheirphotos.(意識到她現(xiàn)在擁有了多少重要的家庭記憶，她創(chuàng)建了“海倫的照片”頁面——一個虛擬的失物招領(lǐng)處，人們可以在這里識別和收回他們的照片。)”可推知，Schenker是一個關(guān)心他人的人。故選B。CInrecentresearch,mycolleaguesandIsetouttoinvestigatetheneural(神經(jīng)的)mechanismsunderlyingexperienceslikesolvingchallengingproblems.Specifically,wewantedtounderstandwhathappensinthebrainwhileapersonengagesinabstractanddemandingthought—sowedesignedastudyinvolvingmathexpertise.Forourexperiment,weselected22universitystudentsmajoringinmathematics,alongwith22studentsfromotherdisciplines.Weaskedthestudentstowatchstep-by-steppresentationsthatexplainedhowtosolveseveralchallengingmathproblems.Throughoutthisdemonstration,thestudentsworeacapcoveredwithelectrodes(電極)sothatwecouldtrackelectricalactivityintheirbrains.Aftereachpresentation,theyhadtoreportwhethertheythoughttheyhadunderstoodthepresentationsandhowengagedtheyfeltduringtheexperience.Wefoundthatstudentswhosecourseworkinvolvedlittlemathematicsshowedmoresignsofcomplexactivityintheprefrontalcortex(皮層),indicatinghowhardtheywereworkingtounderstandthevariousstepsofthecomplexmathdemonstrations.However,intheothergroup,wenotedsignificantactivitylinkingthefrontalandparietal(頂骨)regionsoftheirbrain.Morespecifically,theseareasexhibitedapatternofactivitydescribedasdeltawaves.Somerecentresearchsuggeststhatthesedeltawavesmayplayacrucialroleinthecognitive(認(rèn)知的)processingthatsupportsdeepinternalconcentrationandtherelocationofinformationbetweendistantbrainregions.Infact,wesuspectthatthelong-distancedeltawavesweobservedmayplayacentralrolewheneverpeopleengageincontextualandcomplexproblem-solving.Thissuggeststhatengagingbrainnetworksinthiswaycouldbeusefulformanytasksrequiringconcentration.It’slikelythatwhenpeoplewithextensiveexperienceinataskaredeeplyengagedinthateffort,thesesamedeltawavesareinvolved,evenasthespecificbrainnetworksvary.It’salsopossible—thoughwe’llneedtoinvestigatefurthertobesure—thatthisstateofdeepconcentrationisgeneralizable:developingthiswayofthinkinginonedomaincouldhelpyouinothers.Thesefindingssuggestatrade-offthatpeopleshouldkeepinmind—particularlyasartificialintelligenceandothertoolsoffershortcutsforvariousformsofproblem-solving.EachtimeweoffloadaproblemtoacalculatororaskAltosummarizeanessay,weloseanopportunitytoimproveourownskillsandpracticedeepconcentration.Tobeclear,technologiescanboostourefficiencyinimportantways,buttheseemingly“inefficient”hardworkwedocanbepowerful,too.28.Basedonthestudyresults,howdoMathmajorsprocesschallengingmathproblemsdifferentlyfromnon-Mathmajors?A.Theyexperiencelessengagementduringproblem-solvingtasks.B.Theyusemoreareasoftheirprefrontalcortextosolveproblems.C.Theydisplaydeltawaveactivitylinkingfrontalandparietalregions.D.Theyshowsloweroverallbrainactivityduringcomplexproblem-solving.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“trade-off”inthelastparagraphprobablyreferto?A.Weighingshort-termefficiencyagainstlastingcognitivebenefits.B.Choosingbetweenimmediateconvenienceandfasterresults.C.Sacrificingtechnology’sadvantageforhumancompetition.D.Decidingbetweenhumaneffortandadvancedtools.30.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’sviewontheroleof“inefficient”work?A.Itallowsthebraintobuildskillsthataretransferabletoothertasks.B.Itwastestimeandresourcescomparedtousingtechnology.C.Itimprovesengagementbuthasnocognitivebenefits.D.Ithelpsthosewhoaregoodatsubjectslikemath.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?AWhichtoChoose:EfficiencyorHardWork?B.WhatBenefitsUsMore:AIToolsorDeepConcentration?C.EmployingComplexMathProblemstoEnhanceDeltaWavesD.DevelopingExpertiseImprovestheBrain’sAbilitytoConcentrate【答案】28.C29.A30.A31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是研究者們對比了數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)生與非數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)生在觀看并理解復(fù)雜數(shù)學(xué)問題解法的過程中大腦活動的差異。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，缺乏數(shù)學(xué)背景的學(xué)生在理解過程中前額皮層表現(xiàn)出更復(fù)雜的活動，顯示出他們?yōu)槔斫膺@些步驟所付出的努力。而數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生則展示了額葉和頂葉區(qū)域之間顯著的活動聯(lián)系，并且特別表現(xiàn)為一種稱為delta波的大腦活動模式?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Wefoundthatstudentswhosecourseworkinvolvedlittlemathematicsshowedmoresignsofcomplexactivityintheprefrontalcortex(皮層),indicatinghowhardtheywereworkingtounderstandthevariousstepsofthecomplexmathdemonstrations.However,intheothergroup,wenotedsignificantactivitylinkingthefrontalandparietal(頂骨)regionsoftheirbrain.Morespecifically,theseareasexhibitedapatternofactivitydescribedasdeltawaves.(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些課程中涉及數(shù)學(xué)較少的學(xué)生，在前額皮層表現(xiàn)出更多復(fù)雜活動的跡象，這表明他們在努力理解復(fù)雜數(shù)學(xué)演示的各個步驟時有多費勁。然而，在另一組學(xué)生中，我們注意到他們大腦的前額和頂骨區(qū)域之間有顯著的活動聯(lián)系。更具體地說，這些區(qū)域表現(xiàn)出一種被稱為德爾塔波的活動模式)”可知，數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)生表現(xiàn)出連接前額和頂骨區(qū)域的德爾塔波活動。故選C?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段“EachtimeweoffloadaproblemtoacalculatororaskAltosummarizeanessay,weloseanopportunitytoimproveourownskillsandpracticedeepconcentration.Tobeclear,technologiescanboostourefficiencyinimportantways,buttheseemingly“inefficient”hardworkwedocanbepowerful,too.(每次我們把一個問題交給計算器，或者讓人工智能總結(jié)一篇文章，我們就失去了一個提高自己技能和練習(xí)深度專注的機會。需要明確的是，技術(shù)可以在重要方面提高我們的效率，但我們所做的看似“低效”的辛勤工作也可能是強大的)”可知，劃線詞所在句子表示“人們應(yīng)該牢記一種權(quán)衡——尤其是人工智能和其他工具為各種形式的問題解決提供了捷徑”，劃線詞trade-off意為“權(quán)衡”，和“Weighingshort-termefficiencyagainstlastingcognitivebenefits”意思相近。故選A。30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“It’salsopossible—thoughwe’llneedtoinvestigatefurthertobesure—thatthisstateofdeepconcentrationisgeneralizable:developingthiswayofthinkinginonedomaincouldhelpyouinothers.(還有一種可能——盡管我們還需要進一步調(diào)查才能確定——這種深度集中的狀態(tài)是可以推廣的：在一個領(lǐng)域培養(yǎng)這種思維方式可能有助于你在其他領(lǐng)域也表現(xiàn)出色。)”和最后一段“Tobeclear,technologiescanboostourefficiencyinimportantways,buttheseemingly“inefficient”hardworkwedocanbepowerful,too.(需要明確的是，技術(shù)可以在很多重要方面提高我們的效率，但我們所做的那些看似“低效”的艱苦工作同樣具有強大的力量)”可知，最好地概括了作者對“低效”工作的作用的看法是它允許大腦建立可轉(zhuǎn)移到其他任務(wù)的技能。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段“Wefoundthatstudentswhosecourseworkinvolvedlittlemathematicsshowedmoresignsofcomplexactivityintheprefrontalcortex(皮層),indicatinghowhardtheywereworkingtounderstandthevariousstepsofthecomplexmathdemonstrations.However,intheothergroup,wenotedsignificantactivitylinkingthefrontalandparietal(頂骨)regionsoftheirbrain.Morespecifically,theseareasexhibitedapatternofactivitydescribedasdeltawaves.(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些課程中涉及數(shù)學(xué)較少的學(xué)生，在前額皮層表現(xiàn)出更多復(fù)雜活動的跡象，這表明他們在努力理解復(fù)雜數(shù)學(xué)演示的各個步驟時有多費勁。然而，在另一組學(xué)生中，我們注意到他們大腦的前額和頂骨區(qū)域之間有顯著的活動聯(lián)系。更具體地說，這些區(qū)域表現(xiàn)出一種被稱為德爾塔波的活動模式)”和第四段“Somerecentresearchsuggeststhatthesedeltawavesmayplayacrucialroleinthecognitive(認(rèn)知的)processingthatsupportsdeepinternalconcentrationandtherelocationofinformationbetweendistantbrainregions.(最近的一些研究表明，這些德爾塔波可能在支持深層內(nèi)部集中和遠(yuǎn)距離大腦區(qū)域之間信息重新定位的認(rèn)知過程中起著至關(guān)重要的作用)”可知，本文主要講的是研究者們對比了數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)生與非數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)生在觀看并理解復(fù)雜數(shù)學(xué)問題解法的過程中大腦活動的差異。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，缺乏數(shù)學(xué)背景的學(xué)生在理解過程中前額皮層表現(xiàn)出更復(fù)雜的活動，顯示出他們?yōu)槔斫膺@些步驟所付出的努力。而數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生則展示了額葉和頂葉區(qū)域之間顯著的活動聯(lián)系，并且特別表現(xiàn)為一種稱為delta波的大腦活動模式由此可知，“DevelopingExpertiseImprovestheBrain’sAbilitytoConcentrate(發(fā)展專業(yè)技能可以提高大腦集中注意力的能力)”適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。DIntheearly1900s,anAmericanchemistnamedHarveyW.Wileyledthefamous“PoisonSquad”experiment.Hisstudiesrevealedthedangersofunregulated(未經(jīng)監(jiān)管的)foodadditivesandraisedpublicawarenessabouttheimportanceofknowingwhatwasinthefoodtheyconsumed.However,itwasn’tuntilnearly90yearslaterthatcompaniesintheU.S.begandisclosingtheingredientsinsidetheboxes,cans,andbagsthatlinedgrocerystoreshelves.Fast-forwardtotoday,andit’shardtoimaginewalkingthroughasupermarketwithoutseeingtheselabels.Yet,whenwesurftheInternet—anotheressentialmarketplaceinourlives—weoftenabsorbvastamountsofdigitalinformationwithoutanyunderstandingofitsemotionalormental“nutritionalvalue.”Butwhatifeverywebpagecamewithacontentlabel?Astudyweconducted,publishedtodayinNatureHumanBehavior,revealedthatindividualswithpoorermentalhealthtendedtoseekoutmorenegativeandfrighteningcontentonline.This,inturn,worsenedtheirsymptoms,creatingadestructivecycle.Tobreakthiscycle,weintroducedcontentlabelsthatprovideduserswithemotional“nutritioninformation”aboutthewebsitestheywereabouttovisit.Wouldthiswebpagemakeyoufeelbetterorworse?Wasitfullofnegativity,orwasitlikelytobrightenyourmood?Whenuserswereshowntheselabelsonthesearchengineresultspage,theywerefarlesslikelytoclickonnegativecontent.Asaresult,thisledtoimprovedmoodafterbrowsing(瀏覽).However,it’simportanttonotethatyouwouldn’twantpeopletomakedecisionssolelybasedontheemotionaltoneofawebsite.Stayinginformedabouttheworld—despitethepotentialforsadnessoranxiety—isoftenessential.Toaddressthis,wedevelopedapluginthatprovidesuserswithnotonlylabelsaboutawebsite’semotionaltonebutalsoscoresindicatingthepracticality,helpfulness,andabilityoftheinformationtoenhanceunderstanding.Thesescores,displayedonthesearchengineresultspage,arecalculatedusingamachinelearningalgorithm(運算法則)trainedonthousandsofhumanassessments.Anne-LindaCamerini,aresearcherspecializingindigitalmediaandmentalhealth,pointedoutthatwhilemuchofthefocusonmentalhealthandtechnologyhasbeenonlimitingscreentime,thetypeofcontentweconsumeisjustascritical.Thisshiftcouldtransformtheconversationaroundmentalhealthandtechnology.InsteadofframingtheInternetasinherentlyharmful,contentlabelsofferawaytocreateahealthierdigitalexperience.Justasnutritionlabelsempowerpeopletomakebetterf