2024-2025學年高中英語Unit1Greatscientists單元加餐練新人教版必修5

PAGE1-單元加餐練Ⅰ.閱讀理解Withtheclickofamouseconsumerscanpurchasethegoodsandservicetheyneedatonlineshops.Whattheyhavetodoiswaitingforthegoodssenttotheirhomes.Weshallallbegratefultothepioneersofonlineshoppingforbringingussuchconvenience.MichaelAldrich(theU．K.)OnlineshoppingwasinventedandpioneeredbyMichaelAldrichintheU．K.In1979heconnectedatelevisionviaatelephonelinetoareal-timemulti-usertransaction(交易)processingcomputer.HesoldmainlyBusiness-to-Businesssystems.Therewereanumberofsignificantworldfirstswithnewapplicationsinseveralbusinessfields.JeffBezos(theU．S.A.)JeffBezosdefinedonlineshoppingandrewrotetherulesofcommerce.TimBerners-LeeinventedtheWorldWideWebserverandbrowser(閱讀器)in1990.In1994,JeffBezosreadanarticleabouthowtheWorldWideWebwasgrowingby2,300%ayear.Heknewhehadtotapintosuchagreatpotentialforcommerce.OnJuly6,1995,BezoslaunchedAmazon,whichoperatedoutofthegarageofhistwo-bedroomhomeinsuburbanSeattle,Washington.Withalmostnopublicity,salestookoffimmediately.Thecompanyhasnowexpandedintodozensofproductcategories,forcingtheworld'sbiggestretailer(零售商)torethinktheirbusinessmodels,JackMa(China)Asachild,JackMawasbadatmathbutfascinatedbyEnglish.HetraveledtotheUnitedStatesin1995asatranslatortohelpaChinesefirmrecoverpayment.Theattemptfailed.ButafriendinSeattleshowedMatheInternet,andanideabeganbrewing.In1999,Mr.Magathered17friendsandfoundedAlibabainhisapartmentinHangzhou.Alibaba'smodelwassimple:allowsmallandmedium-sizedChinesecompaniestofindglobalbuyerstheywouldotherwiseonlybeabletomeetattradeshows.Itworksbrilliantly.Alibaba'ssalesarenowmorethanthoseofeBayandAmazoncombined.語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了對網(wǎng)上購物有深遠影響的三位人物以及他們對電子商務(wù)的促進作用。1．WhatmadeAmazonasuccess?A．Business-to-Businesssystems.B．TheWorldWideWebserverandbrowser.C．Commercialpublicity.D．Helpfromretailers.解析：選B細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段的“TimBerners-LeeinventedtheWorldWideWebserverandbrowser(閱讀器)in1990.”及“Withalmostnopublicity,salestookoffimmediately.”可知，亞馬遜公司依托互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展迅猛。故選B項。2．HowdidJackMahavetheideaoffoundingAlibaba?A．Atranslatorhelpedhim.B．AChinesefirminspiredhim.C．HewasintroducedtotheInternet.D．Hewasfundedbysomecompanies.解析：選C細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段最終一句“ButafriendinSeattleshowedMatheInternet,andanideabeganbrewing.”可知，當摯友把互聯(lián)網(wǎng)介紹給馬云時，他起先有了想法。故選C項。3．Whatdothepioneershaveincommon?A．Theyhaveimprovedcomputers.B．Theyhavesoldgoodsworldwide.C．Theyhaveenlargedproductcategories.D．Theyhavecontributedtoonlineshopping.解析：選D推理推斷題。依據(jù)介紹的人物可知，他們都在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)背景下從事商業(yè)貿(mào)易活動，因此他們都對網(wǎng)上購物起到了推動作用。故選D項。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五__1__Movingfromhighschoolintocollegecanbeespeciallydifficultbecauseofthefreedomstudentsexperienceincollegealongwithanewsetofexpectations.Inhighschool,studentsusuallyliveathome,andtheirparentstakecareofalltheirphysicalneedssuchasfoodandhousing.__2__Parentsarealsotheretoofferhelpandmakesurethatthestudents'homeworkisdone.Duringtheschoolday,studentsrarelyhavefreetime.Theygodirectlyfromoneclasstoanother.Teachersarealwaysaroundtotellthestudentswhattodo.__3__Sostudentscanoftencompletetheirhomeworkandreadinginashorttime.__4__Theymayberesponsibleforshopping,payingbills,andlaundry.Theyalsomayhavetocooktheirownmeals.Theirparentsarenotaroundtohelpwithhomeworkoreventocheckifithasbeendone.Contrarytostudentsinhighschool,studentsincollegemayhavealotoffreetimebetweenclasses,butmustdisciplinethemselvestousethistimeproductivelyforhomeworkandotherassignments.__5__A．Studentsdonotusuallyhavetoshopfortheirfood,taketimetopaybills,orevendotheirownlaundry.B．Highschoolstudentshavetoburythemselvesinpilesofpapers.C．Finally,theworkitselfisnotsochallenging.D．Bycontrast,incollege,studentsoftenliveawayfromhomeindormsorapartments.E．Incollege,studentsmayapplytoabankloanandotherswilltrytofindpart-timejobs.F．Eachnewlevelofeducationbringsnewchallengesanddemandstostudents.G．Mostimportantly,collegerequiresahigherlevelofthinkingandalotmoreworkthanhighschool.語篇解讀：每一個新階段的教化都會給學生帶來新的挑戰(zhàn)和要求，本文具體介紹了高校和中學生活學習的不同之處。1．選F設(shè)空處下一句中提到“Movingfromhighschoolintocollege”和F項中的“Eachnewlevelofeducation”吻合。故選F項。2．選A依據(jù)上文提到的“theirparentstakecareofalltheirphysicalneeds”可知，此處應(yīng)是家長為孩子做的具體的事情，也就是孩子不須要做的事情。本段和第三段形成對比，所以也可以依據(jù)第三段中的“Theymayberesponsibleforshopping,payingbills,andlaundry.Theyalsomayhavetocooktheirownmeals.”推斷出A項內(nèi)容與之相符。故選A項。3．選C依據(jù)上文“Teachersarealwaysaroundtotellthestudentswhattodo.”和下文“Sostudentscanoftencompletetheirhomeworkandreadinginashorttime.”可知，此處應(yīng)是描述學生的作業(yè)，而且是說作業(yè)并不是很難。這與C項(最終，作業(yè)本身并沒有太大的挑戰(zhàn)性)相符。故選C項。4．選DBycontrast這個短語起到了承上啟下的作用，且本段和其次段是明顯的對比關(guān)系，所以本段首句應(yīng)和其次段的首句形成顯明的對比，D項(與之對比，在高校，學生常常遠離家，住在學生宿舍或公寓)符合語境。故選D項。5．選G上文描述了在高校和在中學的區(qū)分，G項中的“collegerequiresahigher...thanhighschool”是兩者之間的對比，符合語境。故選G項。Ⅲ.完形填空Inmyyouth,Ioftendisagreedseriouslywithmyfatheraboutsomeissues.Once,myfatherevenhitme,andthenheburstout__1__.Thememoryofthosetearssaysmoretomeaboutwhomyfatherwasthanthememoriesofour__2__.Ineverdoubtedthathelovedme,eveninthosemomentswhenIfeltleast__3__byhim.Hewasamanwho__4__notonlypeopleheknewandloved,butalsothoseinneedhedidn't__5__atall.Hetaughtmetolovepeople__6__.Inhislife,healwaysdidsomethingoutof__7__，forexample,preparingandservingmealsfor__8__peopleatSt.Ben'sparish(教區(qū))inMilwaukee'sinnercity.Aftermyfatherretired,hetookhissocialactiontoa__9__level.AdmittedtoaministryprogramthatintroducedhimtoCatholicsocialaction,he__10__ithappily.Meanwhilehebecame__11__abouthowunconcernedthepeopleinhisdistrictwereaboutthelifeoftheless__12__.Whenhegraduatedfromtheprogram,hebecametheSocialProgramsCoordinatorforhisdistrict,continually__13__thecitizenstheretogivemoretothoseinneed,__14__hediedateighty-one.Becauseofthe__15__setbymyfather,Ihavearesponsibilitytogiveofmyself—notjusttothoseIknowandlove,buttothoseIwouldneverknowifIdidn't__16__themout:thepoorandthedisabled.Itisbecauseofmyfather'sguidancethatItryto__17__10percentofmyincometocharity.Itisalsobecauseofmyfather'sguidancethatIspendtwohoursaweek__18__ablindman.Idon'tdoitoutofguiltbutoutoflove,becauseIsawloveinmyfather's__19__，inhistearsandinthewayhelivedhislife.Becauseofhim,I__20__love.語篇解讀：本文是夾敘夾議文。作者的父親熱衷于公益事業(yè)，為他樹立了榜樣，也讓作者學會了關(guān)愛他人。1．A.crying B．a(chǎn)nnoyingC．regretting D．cheering解析：選A依據(jù)下文的“Thememoryofthosetears”可知，因作者和父親看法分歧，父親打了作者之后哭了。2．A.achievements B．progressC．cooperation D．a(chǎn)rguments解析：選D依據(jù)第一段可知，作者和父親因看法分歧而爭論。3．A.followed B．blamedC．a(chǎn)ccompanied D．understood解析：選D即使是在父親最不理解作者的時候，作者也從不懷疑父親對自己的愛。4．A.dealtwith B．caredaboutC．heardabout D．a(chǎn)greedwith解析：選B依據(jù)下文的“Hetaughtmetolovepeople”可知，父親關(guān)愛他人。5．A.know B．praiseC．mention D．remember解析：選A父親不僅關(guān)愛他相識的人，也關(guān)愛他不相識的人。6．A.simply B．secretlyC．personally D．genuinely解析：選D父親教作者真誠地關(guān)愛他人。7．A.charity B．cultureC．finance D．society解析：選A依據(jù)下文可知，父親總是慷慨助人。dosomethingoutofcharity“慷慨助人”。8．Amon B．devotedC．homeless D．occupied解析：選C例如，父親總是為那些無家可歸的人供應(yīng)飯菜。9．A.primary B．lowC．new D．normal解析：選C父親關(guān)愛他人，他退休后，將關(guān)愛他人的做法上升到一個新的高度。10．A.ignored B．a(chǎn)cceptedC．a(chǎn)dmitted D．prepared解析：選B依據(jù)上文講到的父親熱衷于社會公益事業(yè)的做法可知，當他被允許進入一個牧師項目時，他開心地接受了。11．A.angry B．realisticC．careful D．impatient解析：選A從上文講到父親熱衷于關(guān)切那些弱勢群體的做法可知，他對他所在社區(qū)的人們不關(guān)切不幸的人的做法很生氣。12．Apetitive B．energeticC．intelligent D．fortunate解析：選D參見上題解析。13．A.forcing B．invitingC．callingon D．callingup解析：選C父親從這個項目畢業(yè)后，接著呼吁居民幫助那些須要幫助的人。14．A.after B．untilC．though D．because解析：選B依據(jù)上文講解并描述的父親熱衷于關(guān)愛他人的公益事業(yè)的做法可知，他從事公益事業(yè)直到他去世為止。15．A.task B．levelC．example D．standard解析：選C依據(jù)下文的“Itisbecauseofmyfather'sguidance”可知，作者對社會的責任感是以父親為榜樣的。16．A.take B．seekC．make D．carry解析：選B假如作者沒有找到窮人和殘疾人這些須要幫助的人，他恒久不會知道他們。17．A.explain B．returnC．show D．give解析：選D作者把自己每月的10%的收入捐給慈善機構(gòu)。18．A.recognizing B．thankingC．a(chǎn)ssisting D．encouraging解析：選C作者對社會上須要關(guān)愛的人供應(yīng)幫助，比如他一周會花兩個小時幫助一位盲人。19．A.actions B．speechesC．a(chǎn)ims D．memories解析：選A作者從父親的行為、眼淚和生活方式中感受到了愛。20．A.holdback B．comeacrossC．believein D．dependon解析：選C依據(jù)上文講解并描述的作者和父親對他人的關(guān)愛的做法可知，受父親的影響，作者深信要關(guān)愛他人。Ⅳ.語法填空About40yearsago,JadavPayeng,anIndianteenager,beganplantingtreesinahugesandbar(沙洲)nearhisbirthplace.Withhishardworkandgreatefforts,hehasturnedthesandbar__1__aforest.Itwas1979,__2__Payengwasonly16,andfloodshadwashedagreatnumberofsnakesontothesandbar.WhenPayengfoundthem,theyhadalldied.“Becauseofthe__3__(absent)oftrees,thesnakesdiedin__4__heat.Itwasreally__5__(pain),soIdecidedtogrowbamboosandtreesthere，”saidPayeng.Overtheyears,Payeng__6__(plant)over1,360acres(英畝)offorest.Theforest,__7__(name)afteritscreator,isbelievedtobetheworld'sbiggestforestinthemiddleofariver.Theoncelifelesssandbarisnowhometoseveralthousandsof__8__(variety)oftreesandanamazingdiversityofwildlife,includingbirds,deer,apes,elephantsandeventigers.In2015,Payeng__9__(honor)withPadmaShri,oneofthetopawardsinIndia.Today,Payengstilllivesintheforest.Hesharesasmallhousewithhiswifeandthreechildren__10__makesalivingbysellingcowandbuffalomilk.語篇解讀：本文是記敘文。印度曾經(jīng)的一片沙洲如今卻成了1360英畝的森林，有著各種各樣的植物，吸引著多數(shù)動物前來光顧。這一切的轉(zhuǎn)變，全靠一個人，他就是JadavPayeng。1．intoturn...into...是習慣搭配，意為“將……變成……”。2．when此處when用作關(guān)系副詞，引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞1979,其中when在從句中作時間狀語。3．a(chǎn)bsence空格中所填單詞在句中作becauseof的賓語，且空前有冠詞the，故用absent的名詞形式。4．the此處heat為不行數(shù)名詞，intheheat意為“在燥熱的天氣中”。5．painful空格中所填單詞在句中作表語，需用pain的形容詞形式。6．hasplanted“over＋一段時間”作狀語時，句子謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時。7．dafteritscreator是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾theforest,分詞動作name與被修飾詞之間是被動關(guān)系。8．varietiesthousandsof修飾名詞，被修飾名詞需用復數(shù)形式；varietiesof表示“各種各樣的”。9．washonored主語Payeng是謂語動詞動作ho