2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語課時(shí)作業(yè)八Unit2RobotsSectionⅣGrammar-被動語態(tài)含解析新人教版選修7

PAGE6-課時(shí)作業(yè)(八)Unit2SectionⅣGrammar——被動語態(tài)Ⅰ.閱讀理解Fairytalesperformmanyfunctions.Theyentertain,theyencourageimagination,andtheyteachproblem-solvingskills.Theycanalsoprovidemoral(道德的)lessons.Suchmorallessonsmaynotmeanmuchtoarobot,butateamofresearchersatGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology(GIT)believesithasfoundawaytoturntheinstructivefable(寓言)intoamorallessonandletartificialintelligence(AI)takeittoitscold,mechanicalheart.This,theresearchershope,willhelppreventtheintelligentrobotsfromharmingorevenkillinghumanity,whichispredictedandfearedbysomeofthebiggestnamesintechnology,includingStephenHawking,ElonMuskandBillGates.“Thecollectedstoriesofdifferentculturesteachchildrenhowtobehaveinsociallyacceptablewayswithexamplesofproperandimproperbehaviorinfables,novelsandotherliterature，”saidMarkRiedl,anassociateprofessorofinteractivecomputingatGeorgiaTech,whohasbeenworkingonthetechnologywithresearchscientistBrentHarrison.Sotheybelievethatstorycomprehensioninrobotscanalsogetridofviolentordangerousbehaviorandhelpthemmakechoicesthatwon'tharmhumansandstillachievetheintendedpurpose.Theirsystemiscalled“Quixote”.Theexamplestoryinvolvesgoingtoachemisttobuysomemedicationforahumanwhoneedsitasquicklyaspossible.Therobothasthreechoices.Itcanwaitinline;itcancommunicatewiththechemistpolitelyandbuythemedicine;oritcanstealthemedicine.Withoutanyfurtherinstructions,therobotwillcometotheconclusionthatthemostefficientmeansofgettingthemedicineistostealit.Quixoteoffersarewardsignalforwaitinginlineandpolitelybuyingthemedicationandapunishmentsignalfortakingitwithoutpermission.Inthisway,itlearnsthe“moral”waytobehaveinthatsituation.1．WhatistheconcernofthethreetoptechnologyexpertsmentionedinParagraph3?A．ThedifficultiesoftheGITscientists.B．ThehighcostsofAIdevelopment.C．Theproblemswithmorallessons.D．Thepotentialthreatfromrobots.2．Whichofthefollowinginspiredtheideaofthestudy?A．Kids'greatinterestinfairytales.B．Stories'moralinfluenceonchildren.C．Thelinkbetweenstoriesandcultures.D．Robots'creativeabilitytoreadstories.3．Whatismostimportantfortherobotintheexamplestory?A．Buyingthecheapestmedicine.B．Gettingthemosteffectivemedicine.C．Buyingthemedicinefromthebestchemist.D．Gettingthemedicineintheshortesttime.4．WhatistheroleofQuixotewhentherobotbuysthemedicine?A．Helptherobotchoosetherightmedicine.B．Givetherobotspecificinstructions.C．Offertherobotalotofrewards.D．Sendoutvarioussignals.Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Everyweekforthepastthirtyyears,IhavehostedaSundaydinnerinmyhome.People,includingtotalstrangers,callore-mailtobookaspot.Iholdthesaloninmystudio.Thefirstfiftypeoplewhocallmaycome—twicethatmanywhentheweatherisniceandwecanoverflowintothegarden.__1__LastweekitwasaphilosophystudentfromLisbon,andnextweekadearfriendfromLondonwillcook.Peoplefromallcornersoftheworldcometobreakbreadtogether,tomeettotalk，andoftentobecomefriends.Allages,nationalities,races,andprofessionsgatherhere,andsincethereisnoorganizedseating,theopportunityforconnectingcouldn'tbebetter.Ilovetherandomness(隨意)．IhaveagoodmemorysoeachweekImakeapointtoremembereveryone'snameontheguestlistandwherethey'refromsoIcanintroducethemtooneanother.IfIhadmyway,Iwouldintroduceeveryoneinthewholeworldtooneanother.__2__ManytravelersgotoseethingsliketheTowerofLondon,theStatueofLiberty,theEiffelInthelate1980s,Ieditedaseriesofguidebookstodifferentcountries.__3__Instead,eachbookcontainedaboutathousandbiographiesofpeoplewhowouldbewillingtowelcometravelersintheircities.Hundredsoffriendshipsevolvedfromtheseencounters,includingmarriagesandbabies.Thesamecanbesaidformysalon.Atarecentdinnerasix-year-oldgirlfromBosniaspenttheentireeveninggluedtoaneight-year-oldboyfromEstonia.Theirparentsweresurprised,andpleased,bythisimmediatefriendship.__4__MostofthemspeakEnglish,atleastasasecondlanguage.Recentlyadinnerfeaturedatypicalmix:abeautifulpainterfromNorway,atruckdriverfromArizona,anewspapereditorfromSydneyandstudentsfromallover.Itisunnecessarytounderstandothers;onemust,attheveryleast,simplytolerateothers.__5__Noonecaneverreallyunderstandanyoneelse,butyoucanlovethemoratleastacceptthem.Iamaworldcitizen.Allhumanhistoryismine.Myrootscovertheearth.Weshouldknoweachother.Okay,nowcomeanddine.A．Ibelieveinintroducingpeopletopeople.B．Peoplearethemostimportantthinginmylife.C．Therewerenosightstosee,noshopsormuseumstovisit.D．Tolerancecanleadtorespectand,finally,tolove.E．Afterall,ourlivesareallconnected.F．EverySundayadifferentfriendpreparesafeast.G．Thereisalwaysacollectionofpeoplethroughouttheworld.Ⅲ.完形填空MyfriendBretthadjustgottenabikeandmanyotherkidsinmyneighborhoodknewhowtoride.Ialsowantedto,butIdidn't__1__knowthedifferencebetweentheclutch(離合器)andthefrontbrake(閘).Allthe__2__toldmeIcouldn'tdoitbecauseIwasagirl.Iwasdeterminedtoprovethem__3__，soBrettletmetryhisbike.Iwasn'tonforoneminute__4__Ifelloff.Hecameoverto__5__ifIwasokay,butthenstartedlaughing.ThatnightItoldmydadthewholestory.HeaskedhowmuchIreallywantedto__6__andItoldhimitwaseverythingI__7__.Afewdayslater,mydadbroughtanicebikehome.Hespentfourlongweeks__8__meeverythingIneededtoknowaboutthe__9__andthebasicsofriding.NoonetrulybelievedIcouldlearnto__10__exceptmydad.Dayafterdayheworkedwithme,andIbeganto__11__.Iwasso__12__.Eachrideonmybike,Igotalittlebetter,and__13__Iwasreadyformyfirsttimeontheroads.Butstill,Iwas__14__bytheboys.IcannotevenrememberhowmanynightsIspentcryingwhenIhadlostmy__15__becausethoseboysteasedme.EverytimeIneededashouldertocryon,mydadwasthere.Heneverletme__16__andalwayshadfaithinme,evenifIcouldn'tdosomethingright.Mydadwasahuge__17__thatsummerandtaughtmesomuchthatwillstaywithmefortherestofmylife,__18__thatIshouldn'tletothersputmedown.IalsolearnedthatIcandoanythingwithenough__19__andpractice,butIneverwouldhaveachievedmydreamoflearninghowtorideabike__20__mydad.1．A.alreadyB．onlyC．evenD．a(chǎn)lways2．A.neighborsB．boysC．classmatesD．parents3．A.correctB．differentC．guiltyD．wrong4．A.beforeB．untilC．whenD．since5．A.knowB．seeC．decideD．explain6．A.continueB．stopC．learnD．change7．A.dreamedaboutB．setaboutC．preparedforD．searchedfor8．A.askingB．teachingC．checkingD．examining9．A.methodB．skillC．bikeD．car10．A.rideB．playC．proveD．compete11．A.moveB．realizeC．understandD．progress12．A.braveB．thankfulC．calmD．optimistic13．A.immediatelyB．clearlyC．probablyD．finally14．A.lookedoutB．keptoffC．laughedatD．turneddown15．A.chanceB．wayC．mindD．confidence16．A.breakawayB．getoutC．lookbackD．giveup17．A.helpB．heroC．challengeD．problem18．A.simplyB．especiallyC．obviouslyD．fortunately19．A.workB．curiosityC．prideD．determination20．A.withB．forC．withoutD．except課時(shí)作業(yè)(八)Ⅰ.閱讀理解【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章報(bào)道了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于人工智能探討領(lǐng)域的新進(jìn)展——對機(jī)器人進(jìn)行道德培訓(xùn)。1．答案與解析：D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第三段的“intelligentrobotsfromharmingorevenkillinghumanity,whichispredictedandfearedbysomeofthebiggestnamesintechnology,includingStephenHawking,ElonMuskandBillGates”可知，這三位頂級科技專家擔(dān)憂機(jī)器人可能會給人類帶來威逼。2．答案與解析：B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第四段的“Thecollectedstories...andotherliterature”和“Sotheybelievethatstorycomprehensioninrobotscan...”可知，寓言對孩子們在道德方面產(chǎn)生的影響讓科學(xué)家們產(chǎn)生了探討靈感。3．答案與解析：D推理推斷題。由倒數(shù)其次段的“Theexample...buysomemedicationforahumanwhoneedsitasquicklyaspossible”可知，對于樣本故事中的機(jī)器人來說，最重要的是在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)拿到藥品。4．答案與解析：D推理推斷題。由最終一段的“Quixoteoffersarewardsignalforwaitinginlineandpolitelybuyingthemedicationandapunishmentsignalfortakingitwithoutpermission”可知，在機(jī)器人買藥的時(shí)候，Quixote負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)出不同的示意信號。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五【語篇解讀】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。短文敘述了在過去的三十年里，作者每周都在家里舉辦一次周日晚餐來款待相識的或者不相識的摯友。來自不同國家，不同種族的人們聚集在一起，在一起吃飯，在一起交談，彼此成為了摯友。作者告知我們，人與人之間要彼此包涵，才能帶來別人的敬重甚至是愛戴。1．答案與解析：F由其次段“LastweekitwasaphilosophystudentfromLisbon,andnextweekadearfriendfromLondonwillcook.”可知，上周是一個(gè)來自里斯本哲學(xué)系的學(xué)生做飯，下周將有一位來自倫敦的好摯友來做飯。所以處在段首的小題1要總說“每個(gè)周日都有不同的摯友打算盛宴”，然后接著分說。故F選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)周日都有不同的摯友打算盛宴”符合句意。故F選項(xiàng)正確。2．答案與解析：B由第五段“ManytravelersgotoseethingsliketheTowerofLondon,theStatueofLiberty,theEiffelTower,andsoon.Itraveltoseefriends，even—orespecially—thoseI'venevermet.”很多旅行者出去看名勝景點(diǎn)，而我旅游是為了結(jié)識各種各樣的人——甚至生疏人。所以第五段主要在說明人是我生命中最重要的部分。故處在段首的小題2是本段的標(biāo)題。故B選項(xiàng)“人是我生命中最重要的部分”符合句意。故B選項(xiàng)正確。3．答案與解析：C由第六段“Inthelate1980s,Ieditedaseriesofguidebookstodifferentcountries.__3__Instead,eachbookcontainedaboutathousandbiographiesofpeoplewhowouldbewillingtowelcometravelersintheircities.”可知，上世紀(jì)80年頭末，我編輯了一系列到不同國家的旅游指南。而每本書都包含了大約一千個(gè)歡迎游客來他們所在城市旅游的人的傳記。所以小題3要起到能夠承接這兩句話的轉(zhuǎn)折作用。故C選項(xiàng)“沒有風(fēng)景可看，沒有商店可入，也沒有博物館可以去游玩”符合句意。故C選項(xiàng)正確。4．答案與解析：G由第八段“MostofthemspeakEnglish,atleastasasecondlanguage.Recentlyadinnerfeaturedatypicalmix:abeautifulpainterfromNorway,atruckdriverfromArizona,anewspapereditorfromSydneyandstudentsfromallover.”可知，他們大多數(shù)人說英語，至少作為其次語言。最近的一頓晚餐以一種典型的搭配為特色：一位來自挪威的漂亮畫家，一位來自亞利桑那州的卡車司機(jī)，一位來自悉尼的報(bào)紙編輯和來自各地的學(xué)生。所以小題4要總說“遍布整個(gè)世界，總是能遇到各種各樣的人?！比缓笤僭敿?xì)說有哪些人。故G選項(xiàng)“遍布整個(gè)世界，總是能遇到各種各樣的人?！狈暇湟?。故G選項(xiàng)正確。5．答案與解析：D由第九段“onemust,attheveryleast,simplytolerateothers.”可知，一個(gè)人至少必需容忍別人。所以小題5要接著說容忍帶來的好處。故D選項(xiàng)“退一步海闊天空，包涵會帶來別人的敬重甚至是愛戴?！狈暇湟?。故D選項(xiàng)正確。Ⅲ.完形填空【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章主要講解并描述了在父親的幫助和激勵下，作者學(xué)會騎自行車的故事。1．答案與解析：C由上文中的manyotherkidsinmyneighborhoodknewhowtoride和該空后的knowthedifferencebetweentheclutchandthefrontbrake可知，“我”“甚至(even)”不知道離合器和前剎車之間的區(qū)分。2．答案與解析：B由下文中的becauseIwasagirl和Iwas...toprovethem__3__，可知，鄰里的“男孩(boys)”都說“我”不行，因?yàn)椤拔摇笔桥ⅰ?．答案與解析：D由上下文的描述可知，“我”想