2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)Module4GreatScientistsSectionⅢGrammar學(xué)案含解析外研版必修4

PAGEModule4GreatScientistseq\o(\s\up7(SectionⅢ),\s\do5())eq\o(\s\up7(Grammar),\s\do5())表一：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成表二：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法巧記誰(shuí)做的動(dòng)作不知道，說(shuō)出誰(shuí)做的沒(méi)必要；突出承受者或禮貌，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)不了。被動(dòng)不離“be”“pp.”，pp.前面助動(dòng)be。主謂一樣莫遺忘，句中時(shí)態(tài)要留意。表三：by的用法【例1】Ifnothing________(do),theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.【解析】nothing與do之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?！敬鸢浮縤sdone【例2】—Sowhatistheprocedure?—Alltheapplicants________(interviewed)beforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.【解析】Alltheapplicants與interview之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，依據(jù)問(wèn)句時(shí)態(tài)可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。【答案】areinterviewed【例3】Weareconfidentthattheenvironment________(improve)byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.【解析】句意：我們很自信，通過(guò)我們進(jìn)一步實(shí)施減輕環(huán)境污染的措施，環(huán)境將會(huì)被改善。從句中有further，所以用將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！敬鸢浮縲illbeimproved【例4】Thelettersfortheboss______(put)onhisdeskbuthedidn'treadthemuntilthreedayslater.【解析】letters與put之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式?！敬鸢浮縲ereput【例5】Afterschoolwewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading，onlytobetoldthatit________(decorate)．【解析】thereading-room與decorate之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，表示過(guò)去特定的時(shí)間在發(fā)生的事用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)?！敬鸢浮縲asbeingdecorated【例6】—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes，fortunatelynoone________(hurt)．【解析】noone與hurt之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且發(fā)生在過(guò)去?！敬鸢浮縲ashurt【例7】Don'tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow________(repay)laterinlife.【解析】依據(jù)句意laterinlife指將來(lái)，故用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。【答案】willberepaid【例8】Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouse________(rebuilt)．【解析】forthemoment與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用?！敬鸢浮縤sbeingrebuilt寫(xiě)作專(zhuān)項(xiàng)突破人物傳記——莫泊桑【題目要求】請(qǐng)依據(jù)以下提示，寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文，介紹一下法國(guó)著名作家莫泊桑(GuydeMaupassant)。歷史地位19世紀(jì)法國(guó)最著名作家之一，法國(guó)歷史上最宏大的短篇小說(shuō)家，被譽(yù)為“短篇小說(shuō)之王”主要經(jīng)驗(yàn)1850年8月5日誕生于法國(guó)西北部諾曼底(Normandy)。學(xué)生時(shí)代起先寫(xiě)小說(shuō)，30多歲成名，43歲時(shí)因病去世成就一生共寫(xiě)了6部長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)，300多篇中短篇小說(shuō)代表作短篇小說(shuō)《我的叔叔于勒》(MyUncleJules)、《項(xiàng)鏈》(TheNecklace)，長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《美麗摯友》(PrettyFriends)等留意：1.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；2．100詞左右。參考詞匯：中篇小說(shuō)novelette一、構(gòu)思謀篇二、關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)最宏大的短篇小說(shuō)家thegreatestshortstorywriter被譽(yù)為bepraisedas成名becomewell-known在某人三十多歲時(shí)inone'sthirties在……歲時(shí)attheageof...因?yàn)閎ecauseof三、連詞成句1．莫泊桑被認(rèn)為是法國(guó)歷史上最宏大的短篇小說(shuō)家。GuydeMaupassantisconsideredasthegreatestshortstorywriterintheFrenchhistory.2．他因在這一領(lǐng)域的巨大成就而被譽(yù)為“短篇小說(shuō)之王”。Heispraisedas“thekingofshortstories”forhisgreatachievementsinthisfield.3．他學(xué)生時(shí)代起先寫(xiě)小說(shuō)，30多歲成名。Whenhewasastudent,hebegantowritestoriesandbecamewell-knowninhisthirties.4．他43歲時(shí)因病去世。Hediedattheageof43becauseofillness.四、連句成篇①GuydeMaupassantwasoneofthemostfamousFrenchwritersofthenineteenthcentury,whoisconsideredasthegreatestshortstorywriterintheFrenchhistory.He②ispraisedas“thekingofshortstories”forhisgreatachievementsinthisfield.HewasborninNormandyinthenorthwestofFranceonAugust5th,1850.③Whenhewasastudent，hebegantowritestoriesand④becamewell-known⑤inhisthirties．Hedied⑥attheageof43⑦becauseofillness.Inhiswholelife,hewrotesixnovelsandmorethanthreehundrednovelettesandshortstories.Hisbest-knownshortstoriesincludeMyUncleJulesandTheNecklaceandPrettyFriendsishismostfamousnovel.【亮點(diǎn)點(diǎn)評(píng)】亮點(diǎn)一：本文是一篇介紹莫泊桑的人物傳記，主要從歷史地位、主要經(jīng)驗(yàn)、成就和代表作三個(gè)方面高度概括了這位宏大的法國(guó)作家的一生。語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，層次分明。亮點(diǎn)二：文章多處運(yùn)用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、并列句和復(fù)合句，顯示出作者具有肯定的語(yǔ)言功底。如①句就是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，其中包含了who引導(dǎo)的表示被動(dòng)意義的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；③是由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句等。亮點(diǎn)三：②bepraisedas，④becomewell-known，⑤inone'sthirties，⑥attheageof和⑦becauseof等短語(yǔ)的嫻熟運(yùn)用也表明作者對(duì)詞匯有很好的駕馭。單元要點(diǎn)回顧Ⅰ.重點(diǎn)單詞1．stapleadj.主要的；重要的2．producern.生產(chǎn)者3．leadingadj.主要的leadv.帶領(lǐng)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)4．figuren.人物5．educatevt.教化educationn.教化educatorn.教化工作者6．a(chǎn)griculturen.農(nóng)業(yè)7．speciesn.(動(dòng)物或植物的)種8．originaladj.原來(lái)的；最初的originn.起源，開(kāi)端9．publishvt.出版10．breakthroughn.突破11．supportvt.支持supportn.支持12．productionn.產(chǎn)量producev.生產(chǎn)13．convertvt.變更；轉(zhuǎn)換14．exportvt.出口importv.進(jìn)口15．a(chǎn)griculturaladj.農(nóng)業(yè)的16．replacevt.取代；以……代替17．quantityn.數(shù)量18．qualityn.質(zhì)量19．best-sellern.暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)(或唱片等)20．diagnosevt.診斷diagnosisn.診斷21．victimn.受害者22．brilliantadj.聰穎的；才華橫溢的23．careern.生涯；經(jīng)驗(yàn)24．briefadj.簡(jiǎn)短的；簡(jiǎn)潔的brieflyadv.扼要地，簡(jiǎn)明地25．partlyadv.部分地；在肯定程度上partn.部分26．physicaladj.身體的27．graduatevi.畢業(yè)graduationn.畢業(yè)graduaten.畢業(yè)生28．personaladj.個(gè)人的personn.人；個(gè)人29．relativityn.相對(duì)論30．explosionn.爆炸；爆炸聲31．explodevi.爆炸32．escapevi.逃跑；躲避33．a(chǎn)rrown.(弓)箭34．straightadj.直的straightadv.干脆；徑直；筆直地；平正地35．clearvi.(煙霧)消散Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．bringup培育；哺育2．a(chǎn)saresultof由于……的結(jié)果3．beinterestedin對(duì)……感愛(ài)好4．searchfor找尋；搜尋5．beknownfor因……而出名/著名6．bediagnosedwith被診斷出患有7．earnone'sliving謀生8．inbrief簡(jiǎn)言之9．cometopower掌權(quán)10．byaccident偶然地11．escapefrom從……逃離12．beatwarwith與……交戰(zhàn)13．beattachedto被綁在……上；附屬于……14．becauseof因?yàn)椤?5．insteadof代替；而不是Ⅲ.語(yǔ)篇點(diǎn)睛BillGates,chiefdesignerofMicrosoftCorporationandleading(主要的)figure(人物)insoftware，is_known_for(因……而著名)hisunusualexperience.HewasbornonOctober28,1955.Beingaverybrilliant(聰穎的)boy，hisfavoritesubjectsatschoolwerescienceandmath.Asearlyasinhighschool，Billstartedtoplaywithcomputersanddevelopedhisstronginterestinsoftware.Aftergraduating(畢業(yè))fromhighschoolin1973,hewenttoHarvardUniversity，onlytoleaveitthreeyearslater.In1975Billbeganhiscareer(事業(yè)，生涯)withoneofhisbestfriends,developingsoftwareforpersonal