安徽省阜陽市臨泉縣臨泉第二中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月月考英語試題

高三英語(120分鐘150分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhatwillthemandoonFriday?A.Givealecture.B.Attendalecture.C.Workonhisnovel.2.Whyhasthemanboughtthecoats?A.It’llbeacoldwinter.B.He’llhaveaninterview.C.Hisarmandleghurt.3Howdoesthemanadvisethewomantogotothemuseum?A.Bycar.B.Byunderground.C.Bytaxi.4.Howmuchwillthemanpayforthetickets?A.60dollars.B.150dollars.C.180dollars.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.It’snothisfault.B.Acolleaguestolethebag.C.Thewomanshouldaskmorepeople.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Onagameshow.B.Inaspaceship.C.Inabank.7.Whowasthefirstwomaninspace?A.AnnaEdison.B.SallyK.Ride.C.ValentinaTereshkova.聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Adelayedshipment.B.Aweatherreport.C.Aninsurancepolicy.9.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Adjustthetimetable.B.Waitforanotice.C.Offeranexplanation.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Whydoesthewomangotoartgalleriesandexhibitions?A.Tomeetsomefamousartists.B.Togetinspiredforherwork.C.Tobuysomeartworks.11.WheredoestheartistEdvardMunchefrom?A.America.B.Spain.C.Norway.12.WhichisStuartDavis’swork?A.LuckyStrike.B.TheScream.C.TheDanceofLife.聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Whotoldthewomansomethingabouttheman?A.Herclassmate.B.Herneighbor.C.Herfriend.14.What’sthewomanlikeaccordingtotheman?A.Friendly.B.Shy.C.Humorous.15.What’sthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Colleagues.C.Strangers.16.Whendidthewomanmove?A.Abouttwomonthsago.B.Abouttwoyearsago.C.Abouttwodaysago.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.WhenwilltheStudentWelfareOfficeopentomorrow?A.Fromabout10amto3pm.B.Fromabout9amto8pm.C.Fromabout4pmto8pm.18.Whatbenefitcanstudentsgetwithuniversityidentitycards?A.Freetextbooks.B.Booksaleentry.C.Discountsatsomelocalshops.19.Wherewillabooksalebeheld?A.Inthereadingroom.B.Intheschoolcanteen.C.Inthebookstore.20.Whatdoesthespeakeradvisestudentstodo?A.Signupforthecookerycourse.B.Getbooksonthereadinglistready.C.Eatintheuniversitycanteen.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ACreatingYoungV&AWhentheV&AMuseumofChildhoodinBethnalGreenwasfoundedin1872,itwasEastLondon’sfirstpublicmuseum.Today,wearetransformingthisbelovedbuildingintoanewnationalmuseumofdesignandcreativitydedicatedentirelytochildren.RelaunchinglaterthisyearasYoungV&A,themuseumwillbeaplacetoimagine,play,create,debateanddesign.YoungV&Awillhelpchildrentodevelopabilitiessuchascreativethinking,problemsolvingandcollaborationthroughimaginative,handsongallerydisplaysandcreativeprogrammingforschools,familiesandmunitygroups.HowyoucanhelpInaclimateofgrowinginequalityandreducedfundingforthearts,itisvitalthatweyoungpeople’screativedevelopment.Werelyonyourgenerousdonationsandarethankfulforyoursupport.WhetheryoucangiveE25orf25,000,alldonationswillhelptopletethisproject.25couldbuybooksforthenewReadingRoom.75couldbuysensorymaterialstohelpbringthecollectiontolifeforyoungvisitors150couldconserveanddisplayaninternationalobjectinthepermanentgalleries5000couldhelpfurnishthenewcreativestudiosintheLearningCentre.Waystogive*Topaybydebit,creditcard,usetheQRcode,visitvam.ac.ukappealorcall02079422905tospeaktoamemberoftheDevelopmentteam.*ReturnapleteddonationformorpostachequedirectlytothemuseumorhanditinalltheV&AMembershipDeskortheMembers’Room.*Tofindoutaboutdonatingbybanktransfer,makingaregularmonthlydonation,ortomakealargergift,pleaseemailtheDevelopmentteamatappeals@vam.ac.uk.1.WhoarethetargetvisitorsofYoungV&A?A.Thegeneralpublic. B.Seniors. C.Artlovers. D.Children.2.Whatcanadonationof75dofortheproject?A.RepainttheReadingRoom. B.Helpbringthecollectiontolife.C.Conserveaninspirationalobject. D.Furnishthenewcreativestudios.3.Howcanpeopledonatebycheque?A.ScanaQRcode. B.Sendachequetothemuseum.C.Call02079422905. D.EmailtheDevelopmentteam.【答案】1.D2.B3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹的是為創(chuàng)建一個專門致力于兒童的新的國家設(shè)計和創(chuàng)意博物館而進(jìn)行的募捐活動?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最中的“Today,wearetransformingthisbelovedbuildingintoanewnationalmuseumofdesignandcreativitydedicatedentirelytochildren.(今天，我們正在將這座心愛的建筑改造成一個新的國家設(shè)計和創(chuàng)意博物館，完全致力于兒童。)”可知，YoungV&A主要面向兒童，故選D項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Howyoucanhelp部分中的“75couldbuysensorymaterialstohelpbringthecollectiontolifeforyoungvisitors(75可以購買可視材料，以幫助年輕的游客使收藏充滿活力)”可知，75能幫助收藏充滿活力。故選B項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Waystogive部分中的“ReturnapleteddonationformorpostachequedirectlytothemuseumorhanditinalltheV&AMembershipDeskortheMembers’Room.(將填妥的捐款表格或支票直接寄回博物館，或?qū)⑵浣坏剿蠽&A會員服務(wù)臺或會員室。)”可知，如果使用支票捐贈，將填妥的捐贈表或者支票郵寄給博物館、把支票當(dāng)面交給博物館對應(yīng)部門等幾種形式。故選B項。BHowardSchultzwasn’tthefirstpersontobecarriedawaybythepleasantsmellofawellroastedcoffeebean.ButtheStarbucksCoffeeCo.leaderwasundoubtedlythefirsttoturnthatdreamintoabilliondollarretailbusiness.Schultz’sadventurestartedin1981whenhetraveledfromNewYorktoSeattletocheckoutapopularcoffeebeanstorecalled“Starbucks”.IthadbeenbuyingmanyoftheHammarplastSwedishdripcoffeemakershewasselling.Therewasthatgreatsmell,sure,butwhatcausedhimtofallinlovewiththebusinesswasthecaretheStarbucksownersputintochoosingandroastingthebeans.Hewasalsoimpressedwiththeowners’devotiontoeducatingthepublicaboutthewondersofthecoffee.IttookSchultzayeartoconvincetheStarbucksownerstohirehim.Whentheyfinallymadehimdirectorofmarketingandoperationsin1982,hehadanotheridea.ThisoneoccurredinItaly,whenSchultznoticedthecoffeebarsthatexistedonalmosteveryblock.Helearnedthattheynotonlyservedexcellentespressos,theyalsoservedasmeetingplacesorpublicsquares,andtherewere200,000oftheminthecountry.ButwhenhecamebacktoSeattle,theStarbucksownersresistedSchultz’splanstoservecoffeeinthestores,sayingtherestaurantbusinesswaspetitive,anditwascostlytohirewaiters.Afterall,economicbenefitsweretheirprimarymotivator.Frustrated,Schultzquitandstartedhisowncoffeebarbusinessin1987,named“IlGiornale”.Itwassuccessful,andtwoyearslater,theoriginalStarbucksmanagementsolditsStarbucksretailunittoSchultzfor$3.8million.Asthepanybegantoexpandrapidlyinthe1990s,Schultzalwayssaidthatthemaingoalwas“toserveagreatcupofcoffee”.Askedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,Schultztoldustheprinciples:“Don’tbethreatenedbypeoplesmarterthanyou.promiseanythingbutyourcorevalues.”4.WhatcausedSchultztojointheStarbucks?A.Thepleasantsmellofitscoffeebean.B.Hisstrongdesiretoimprovehimself.C.Theowners’impressiveworkattitude.D.Hiseagernesstosellmorecoffeemakers.5.WhydidtheStarbucksownersrefusetoservecoffeeinthestores?A.ManycoffeebarshadexistedinSeattle.B.Peoplepreferredtastingcoffeeathome.C.Theytriedtoavoidhighcostoflaborforce.D.Theircoffeewasalreadypopularonthemarket.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSchultz?A.mittedandgenerous.B.Sociableandhelpful.C.Motivatedandconsiderate.D.Determinedandcreative.7.WhatwasSchultz’sbusinessprinciple?A.Learnfromsmarterpeople.B.Sticktoone’sowncorevalues.C.Keepone’sbusinessasecret.D.Rememberasetofregulations.【答案】4.C5.C6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了星巴克創(chuàng)始人舒爾茨與星巴克的故事。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Therewasthatgreatsmell,sure,butwhatcausedhimtofallinlovewiththebusinesswasthecaretheStarbucksownersputintochoosingandroastingthebeans.(當(dāng)然，那里有很棒的氣味，但讓他愛上這項業(yè)務(wù)的是星巴克店主在挑選和烘焙咖啡豆時所投入的精力。)”可知，星巴克店主令人印象深刻的工作態(tài)度讓舒爾茨加入了星巴克。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“ButwhenhecamebacktoSeattle,theStarbucksownersresistedSchultz’splanstoservecoffeeinthestores,sayingtherestaurantbusinesswaspetitive,anditwascostlytohirewaiters.Afterall,economicbenefitsweretheirprimarymotivator.(但是，當(dāng)他回到西雅圖時，星巴克店主們抵制了舒爾茨在店里提供咖啡服務(wù)的計劃，他們說餐飲業(yè)競爭激烈，而且雇傭服務(wù)員的成本很高。畢竟，經(jīng)濟(jì)利益是他們的主要動力。)”可知，星巴克店主拒絕在店里提供咖啡服務(wù)是因為他們試圖避免高昂的勞動力成本。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“IttookSchultzayeartoconvincetheStarbucksownerstohirehim.Whentheyfinallymadehimdirectorofmarketingandoperationsin1982,hehadanotheridea.ThisoneoccurredinItaly,whenSchultznoticedthecoffeebarsthatexistedonalmosteveryblock.Helearnedthattheynotonlyservedexcellentespressos,theyalsoservedasmeetingplacesorpublicsquares,andtherewere200,000oftheminthecountry.(舒爾茨花了一年時間才說服星巴克店主雇傭他。1982年，當(dāng)他們終于任命他為市場營銷和運營總監(jiān)時，他又有了一個新的想法。這個想法是在意大利萌生的，當(dāng)時舒爾茨注意到幾乎每個街區(qū)都有咖啡店。他了解到，這些咖啡店不僅提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的意式濃縮咖啡，還作為聚會場所或公共廣場，全國共有20萬家這樣的咖啡店。)”和第五段“Frustrated,Schultzquitandstartedhisowncoffeebarbusinessin1987,named“IlGiornale”.Itwassuccessful,andtwoyearslater,theoriginalStarbucksmanagementsolditsStarbucksretailunittoSchultzfor$3.8million.(深感沮喪的舒爾茨于1987年辭職，并創(chuàng)辦了自己的咖啡店業(yè)務(wù)，名為“IlGiornale”。這家店非常成功，兩年后，原來的星巴克管理層以380萬美元的價格將其星巴克零售部門賣給了舒爾茨。)”可知，文章講述了舒爾茨從對星巴克產(chǎn)生興趣，到加入星巴克，再到因意見不合離開星巴克創(chuàng)辦自己的咖啡店，最后收購星巴克并將其發(fā)展壯大的過程。根據(jù)這個過程可知，舒爾茨是一個有決心和創(chuàng)造力的人。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Askedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,Schultztoldustheprinciples:‘Don’tbethreatenedbypeoplesmarterthanyou.promiseanythingbutyourcorevalues’.(當(dāng)被問及他成功的秘訣時，舒爾茨告訴我們他的原則：‘不要被比你聰明的人威脅。除了你的核心價值觀，其他都可以妥協(xié)’)”可知，舒爾茨的商業(yè)原則是堅持自己的核心價值觀。故選B。COnlyin2021,fishfarmsintheUSproducedanestimated307millionpoundsofthecreaturesforhumanconsumption.Butaquaculture(水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖)isplicatedbyinfectionsanddiseases,whichkillmillionsoffarmedfishyearafteryear.Now,researchersfromAuburnUniversitysaythey’vedevisedacreativesolutiontothisproblem:injectingalligator(短吻鱷)DNAintofarmraisedcatfish.Alligatorshaveagenethathelpsthemproduceaproteincalledcathelicidin.Scientistssaycathelicidinhelpspreventinfectionsdevelopinginthewoundsalligatorssustainwhilefightingwitheachother.Thecatfishresearcherswonderedwhetherthissamegenemightalsobeabletohelpcatfishavoiddisease.Tofindout,theyusedtheCRISPRgeneeditingtooltoinsertthealligatorgenecontainingablueprintforcathelicidinintothegenome(基因組)ofcatfish.Theresearcherswereafraidthatifthegeneticallymodified(GM)catfishescapedorwerereleasedintonatureforsomereason,theycouldpotentiallyoutpetewildcatfishandsetoffachainreactionthatmightharmthespeciesanditsecosystem.Sotheydecidedtoinjectthealligatorgeneintothepartofthecatfishgenomethatregulatesahormonethefishneedtobeabletolayeggs.Thissterilized(使絕育)theGMfish.Theresearchersexposedbothgeneeditedandunchangedcatfishtotwotypesofbacteriathatcancauseinfections.TheGMfishsurvivedatratesthatwere25timeshigherthantheiruneditedcounterparts,thefindingssuggest.Thisshowstheadditionofalligatorgenesmadecatfishmoreimpervioustoinfection.Butthetechniqueisn’tstraightforwardoreasy,andscientistswouldlikelyneedtorepeatitforeachnewroundoffish.Beyondthat,theAuburnresearcherswouldneedtogothroughthelengthyprocessofgettingtheGMcatfishapprovedforhumanconsumptionbytheUSFoodandDrugAdministration.TheymayalsohaveanuphillbattleconvincingconsumerstoeatGMfish.8.WhatmakestheAuburnresearchsignificantandnecessary?A.Thelargenumberofalligators.B.Theadvantagesofaquaculture.C.Theglobaldemandforhealth.D.Thegapbetweendemandandsupplyofcatfish.9.WhatcanwelearnabouttheAuburnresearchers?A.Theyreferredtopreviousresearch.B.Theydidagreatdealofquestionaireresearch.C.Theycollectedplentyofdataonthefarms.D.Theyexperimentedtotesttheirassumption.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impervious”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Resistant. B.Friendly.C.Sensitive. D.Exposed.11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Thecatfishresearchhasalreadyreceivedsomedoubts.B.Furtherresearchintofarmedcatfishwillbeprohibited.C.It’salongwayforGMcatfishtomakeittothediningtable.D.GMcatfisharerejectedbytheFDAandAmericanpeople.【答案】8.D9.D10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述美國奧本大學(xué)研究向鯰魚注入短吻鱷DNA抗病，雖有成效，但面臨審批難、推廣難的問題?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一二句“Onlyin2021,fishfarmsintheUSproducedanestimated307millionpoundsofthecreaturesforhumanconsumption.Butaquaculture(水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖)isplicatedbyinfectionsanddiseases,whichkillmillionsoffarmedfishyearafteryear.(僅在2021年，美國的養(yǎng)魚場就生產(chǎn)了約3.07億磅的這種生物供人類食用。但水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖因感染和疾病而變得復(fù)雜，這些疾病年復(fù)一年地導(dǎo)致數(shù)百萬養(yǎng)殖魚類死亡)”可知，水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖需求很大但面臨疾病困擾而損失大量魚，所以是水產(chǎn)魚類供需缺口使得奧本大學(xué)的此項研究很有意義且很有必要。故選D項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Theresearchersexposedbothgeneeditedandunchangedcatfishtotwotypesofbacteriathatcancauseinfections.(研究人員將經(jīng)過基因編輯的鯰魚和未改變的鯰魚都暴露在兩種可能導(dǎo)致感染的細(xì)菌中)”以及后面提到的實驗結(jié)果“TheGMfishsurvivedatratesthatwere25timeshigherthantheiruneditedcounterparts,thefindingssuggest.(研究結(jié)果表明，轉(zhuǎn)基因魚的存活率比未經(jīng)編輯的同類高25倍)”可知，研究人員通過做實驗來檢驗他們的設(shè)想，即把短吻鱷的基因插入鯰魚基因組是否能幫助鯰魚抵御疾病，所以他們通過實驗來驗證假設(shè)。故選D項?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Theresearchersexposedbothgeneeditedandunchangedcatfishtotwotypesofbacteriathatcancauseinfections.(研究人員將經(jīng)過基因編輯的鯰魚和未改變的鯰魚都暴露在兩種可能導(dǎo)致感染的細(xì)菌中)”以及后面的實驗結(jié)果“TheGMfishsurvivedatratesthatwere25timeshigherthantheiruneditedcounterparts,thefindingssuggest.(研究結(jié)果表明，轉(zhuǎn)基因魚的存活率比未經(jīng)編輯的同類高25倍)”可知，加入了短吻鱷基因的鯰魚在面對感染細(xì)菌時存活率更高，也就是更能抵御感染，所以猜測impervious意思應(yīng)該是“有抵抗力的，不受影響的”，所以A選項Resistant(抵抗的)符合題意。故選A項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Beyondthat,theAuburnresearcherswouldneedtogothroughthelengthyprocessofgettingtheGMcatfishapprovedforhumanconsumptionbytheUSFoodandDrugAdministration.(除此之外，奧本大學(xué)的研究人員還需要經(jīng)歷漫長的過程，才能讓轉(zhuǎn)基因鯰魚獲得美國食品和藥物管理局批準(zhǔn)供人類食用)”以及第三句“TheymayalsohaveanuphillbattleconvincingconsumerstoeatGMfish.(他們可能還需要艱難地說服消費者食用轉(zhuǎn)基因魚)”可以推斷出，轉(zhuǎn)基因鯰魚要走上人們的餐桌還有很長的路要走，要經(jīng)過審批流程，還要說服消費者接受等。故選C項。DThetermpovertyreferstothestateorconditioninwhichpeopleormunitieslackthefinancialresourcesandessentialsforaminimumstandardofliving.Assuch,theirbasichumanneedscannotbemet.Povertystrickenpeopleandfamiliesmaygowithoutproperhousing,cleanwater,healthyfood,andmedicalattention.Eachnationmayhaveitsowncriteriafordeterminingthepovertylineandcountinghowmanyofitspeopleliveinpoverty.It’simportanttorememberthatpovertyisasocioeconomicconditionthatistheresultofmultiplefactors—notjustine.Povertyisbothanindividualconcernaswellasabroadersocialproblem.Ontheindividualorhouseholdlevel,notbeingabletomakeendsmeetcanleadtoarangeofphysicalandmentalissues.Atthesocietallevel,highpovertyratescanbeanobstacle(障礙)toeconomicgrowthandbeassociatedwithproblemslikeunemployment,education,andpoorhealth.Povertyisadifficultcycletobreakandoftenpassesfromonegenerationtothenext.Itisoftendeterminedbysocioeconomicstatus,andgeography.Manypeoplearebornintopovertyandhavelittlehopeofoveringit.Othersmayfallintopovertybecauseofnegativeeconomicconditions,naturaldisasters,orrisinglivingcosts.TheUnitedNationsandtheWorldBankaremajoradvocatesofreducingworldpoverty.TheWorldBankhasanambitioustargetofreducingpovertytolessthan3%oftheglobalpopulationby2030.Youmaywonderwhetherpovertycanbesolved.Theanswertothisquestionisplicated.Ifitwereeasyorobvious,povertywouldnolongerbesuchabigissue.Socialwelfareprogramsandprivatephilanthropy(慈善事業(yè))arewaystoprovideforthoseinpoverty,alongwithaccesstoessentialslikecleanwater,goodfood,andadequatehealthcare.However,moreisneeded.Programsthatencouragethedisadvantagedtoobtainskills,jobs,andeducationarealsoimportantasalongertermcure.12.Whatcanwelearnaboutpovertyfromthefirstparagraph?A.Ithasaworldwidestandard.B.Itisactuallyjudgedbyine.C.Itusuallyinvolvesmanyaspects.D.Itreferstounderdevelopedregions.13.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thecausesofpoverty.B.Thespreadofpoverty.C.Thejudgmentofpoverty.D.Thesideeffectsofpoverty.14.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsolvingpoverty?A.ItmustbeauthorizedbytheUN.B.Itisaplexanddifficulttask.C.Itmayaffecttheglobalpopulation.D.Itisthemajortaskofwelfareprograms.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thedisadvantaged”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Badlybehavedpeople.B.PeoplewithlowEQ.C.Peoplewithdisabilities.D.Peoplelivinginpoverty.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了貧困的定義、影響、原因以及解決貧困的復(fù)雜性和可能的途徑?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thetermpovertyreferstothestateorconditioninwhichpeopleormunitieslackthefinancialresourcesandessentialsforaminimumstandardofliving.Assuch,theirbasichumanneedscannotbemet.Povertystrickenpeopleandfamiliesmaygowithoutproperhousing,cleanwater,healthyfood,andmedicalattention.Eachnationmayhaveitsowncriteriafordeterminingthepovertylineandcountinghowmanyofitspeopleliveinpoverty.It’simportanttorememberthatpovertyisasocioeconomicconditionthatistheresultofmultiplefactors—notjustine.(貧困一詞指的是人或社區(qū)缺乏達(dá)到最低生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所需的財政資源和必需品的狀態(tài)或條件。因此，他們的基本人類需求無法得到滿足。貧困的人和家庭可能沒有適當(dāng)?shù)淖》俊⑶鍧嵉娘嬘盟?、健康的食物和醫(yī)療服務(wù)。每個國家可能都有自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來確定貧困線，并統(tǒng)計有多少人生活在貧困之中。重要的是要記住，貧困是一種社會經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，是多種因素的結(jié)果，而不僅僅是收入。)”可知，貧困不僅僅是收入問題，還涉及住房、飲用水、食物和醫(yī)療等多個方面。故選C?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Povertyisadifficultcycletobreakandoftenpassesfromonegenerationtothenext.Itisoftendeterminedbysocioeconomicstatus,andgeography.Manypeoplearebornintopovertyandhavelittlehopeofoveringit.Othersmayfallintopovertybecauseofnegativeeconomicconditions,naturaldisasters,orrisinglivingcosts.(貧困是一個難以打破的循環(huán)，而且常常代代相傳。它通常由社會經(jīng)濟(jì)地位和地理位置決定。許多人一出生就陷入貧困，幾乎沒有克服貧困的希望。其他人可能因為經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況不佳、自然災(zāi)害或生活成本上升而陷入貧困。)”可知，第三段主要講的是貧困的原因。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Youmaywonderwhetherpovertycanbesolved.Theanswertothisquestionisplicated.Ifitwereeasyorobvious,povertywouldnolongerbesuchabigissue.(你可能會想，貧困問題能否得到解決。這個問題的答案很復(fù)雜。如果解決貧困問題很容易或很明顯，那么貧困就不再是一個大問題了。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為解決貧困問題是一項復(fù)雜而艱巨的任務(wù)。故選B?！?5題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“Socialwelfareprogramsandprivatephilanthropy(慈善事業(yè))arewaystoprovideforthoseinpoverty,alongwithaccesstoessentialslikecleanwater,goodfood,andadequatehealthcare.However,moreisneeded.(社會福利項目和私人慈善事業(yè)是為貧困人口提供保障的方式，同時為他們提供清潔飲水、良好食物和充足的醫(yī)療保健等必需品。然而，僅這些還不夠。)”可知，劃線詞所在的句子意為鼓勵貧困的人獲得技能、工作和教育的項目也是長期解決方案的重要組成部分，“thedisadvantaged”指的是上文中的“thoseinpoverty(生活在貧困中的人)”。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。BadHabitsThatCanHurtYourBrainYoumissoutonsleep___16___—wealldo.Butsomeofthosebadhabitscantakeatollonyourbrain.Forexample,lackofsleepmaybeacauseofdementia,includingAlzheimer’sdisease.It’sbesttohaveregularsleepinghours.Ifyouhavetroublewithsleep,avoidalcohol,caffeine,andelectronicsintheevening.

YouspendtoomuchtimealoneHumansareexcitedaboutsocialcontact.It’snotabouthowmanynetfriendsyouhave—whatmattersisarealsenseofconnection.Peoplewhohavethatwithevenjustafewclosefriendsarehappierandmoreproductive.___17___.Ifyoufeelalone,callsomefriendsorstartsomethingnew—salsadancing,tennis,bridge—thatinvolvesotherpeople.

YoueattoomuchjunkfoodPartsofthebrainlinkedtolearning,memory,andmentalhealtharesmallerinpeoplewhohavelotsofhamburgers,fries,potatochips,andsoftdrinksintheirdiet.Berries,wholegrains,nuts,andgreenleafyvegetables,ontheotherhand,preservebrainfunctionandslowmentaldecline.___18___,grabahandfulofnutsinstead.

___19___Thelongeryougowithoutregularexercise,themorelikelyyouaretohavedementia.You’realsomorelikelytogetdiabetes,heartdisease,andhighbloodpressure—allofwhichmaybelinkedtoAlzheimer’s.Youdon’thavetostartrunningmarathons—ahalfhourinthegardenorabriskwalkaroundtheneighborhoodwillwork.Theimportantthingistogetatleast150minutesofmoderateexerciseeachweek.YoublastyourheadphonesWithyourearbudsatfullvolume,youcanpermanentlydamageyourhearinginonly30minutes.Butit’snotjustyourears:Hearinglossinolderadultsislinkedtobrainproblems,suchasAlzheimer’sandlossofbraintissue.___20___—nolouderthan60%ofyourdevice’smaximumvolume—andtrynottolistenformorethanacoupleofhoursatatime.A.SoturnitdownB.Youdon’tmoveenoughC.YoustayinthedarktoomuchD.Youdoafewthingsyouknowyoushouldn’tE.SonexttimeyoustarttoreachforabagofchipsF.Itmakesyoutwiceaslikelytogetdementia,includingAlzheimer’sG.They’realsolesslikelytosufferfrombraindeclineandAlzheimer’s【答案】16.D17.G18.E19.B20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章列舉了傷害大腦的幾種壞習(xí)慣，如缺覺、獨處、吃垃圾食品等，并給出了一些建議?！?6題詳解】由下文“Butsomeofthosebadhabitscantakeatollonyourbrain.(但其中一些壞習(xí)慣會對你的大腦造成損害)”可知，后文提到了壞習(xí)慣對大腦的損害，而D項Youdoafewthingsyouknowyoushouldn’t(你做了一些你知道不應(yīng)該做的事情)符合語境，說人們會做一些知道不該做的事，引出后文提到的壞習(xí)慣，所以本句起到啟下作用。故選D項?！?7題詳解】由上文“Peoplewhohavethatwithevenjustafewclosefriendsarehappierandmoreproductive.(即使只是和幾個親密的朋友在一起的人也會更快樂，更有成效)”可知，這里說的是有良好社交關(guān)系的好處，而G選項They’realsolesslikelytosufferfrombraindeclineandAlzheimer’s(他們也不太可能遭受大腦衰退和阿爾茨海默病的困擾)”符合語境，進(jìn)一步說明其對大腦方面的益處，與前文邏輯連貫。故選G項?！?8題詳解】由上文“Partsofthebrainlinkedtolearning,memory,andmentalhealtharesmallerinpeoplewhohavelotsofhamburgers,fries,potatochips,andsoftdrinksintheirdiet.Berries,wholegrains,nuts,andgreenleafyvegetables,ontheotherhand,preservebrainfunctionandslowmentaldecline.(在飲食中攝入大量漢堡、薯條、薯片和軟飲料的人，大腦中與學(xué)習(xí)、記憶和心理健康相關(guān)的部分較小。另一方面，漿果、全谷物、堅果和綠葉蔬菜可以保護(hù)大腦功能，減緩智力衰退)”可知，前文提到吃垃圾食品對大腦不好，而像漿果等食物對大腦有益，且下文“grabahandfulofnutsinstead(改為抓一把堅果吃)”在講選擇食物方面的事情，所以E選項Sonexttimeyoustarttoreachforabagofchips(所以下次你伸手去拿一袋薯片時)符合語境，在邏輯上承接前文關(guān)于食物的內(nèi)容，引出后文的正確選擇。故選E項。【19題詳解】由下文“Thelongeryougowithoutregularexercise,themorelikelyyouaretohavedementia.(你不進(jìn)行規(guī)律鍛煉的時間越長，患癡呆癥的可能性就越大)”可知，這里在講缺乏運動帶來的危害，所以此空應(yīng)是引出缺乏運動這一話題，而B選項Youdon’tmoveenough(你運動得不夠)符合語境，能很好地引出后文內(nèi)容。故選B項?！?0題詳解】由上文“Withyourearbudsatfullvolume,youcanpermanentlydamageyourhearinginonly30minutes.Butit’snotjustyourears:Hearinglossinolderadultsislinkedtobrainproblems,suchasAlzheimer’sandlossofbraintissue.(當(dāng)耳機處于最大音量時，您可能會在30分鐘內(nèi)永久性地?fù)p害聽力。但這不僅僅是你的耳朵：老年人的聽力損失與大腦問題有關(guān)，如阿爾茨海默氏癥和腦組織喪失)”可知，前文提到大音量用耳機對聽力及大腦有損害，后文“nolouderthan60%ofyourdevice’smaximumvolume—andtrynottolistenformorethanacoupleofhoursatatime.(不超過設(shè)備最大音量的60%——并且盡量一次不要聽超過幾個小時)”是在說調(diào)節(jié)音量及控制收聽時長的做法，而A選項Soturnitdown(所以把音量調(diào)小)符合語境，承上啟下，引出后文具體做法。故選A項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Thehistoryofhumanbeingsisnaturallyaprocesstopursuehappiness,whichistheultimatepurposeoflife.Happinessmakesuscopewithourcareersenergeticallyandharmoniselife___21___.

However,theword“pursue”evidencesthathappinessislikeahorizon(地平線),whenwemovefurther,it___22___away.

Obviously,defininghappinesshas___23___mankindforthousandsofyearsbecauseindividualsallhavetheirown___24___and,morecritically,humandesiresarealmostlimitless.___25___isthemonstandardforhappinessofmerchants,yettheirdreamsofbeingbillionairesandevenzillionairesalwaysfollowthefulfilmentofthedreamsofbeingmillionaires.Theprocessofstrugglingformaybehappinessalwaysendsinmustbe___26___.Thus,thedefinitionofhappinesscanhardlybe___27___.Nevertheless,althoughhappinessisindefinable,itisstilleasyforustofindthe___28___examplesofhappypeople,who,infact,sharethreefeaturesinmon:optimisticmentality,___29___body,andstableine.Itisapparentthatmostofthesufferingsare____30____byexternalsurroundingsandtheyarenearlyunavoidable.Thus,onecanonlychangehismentalityto____31____them.Meanwhile,withouthealthonecannotsustainhappinesstoenjoythe____32____oflife.

Furthermore,toberealistic,abeggar,whilestrugglinginpoverty,canneverbeas____33____asamillionairesailingonthePacificOcean.Hence,stableineisalsosignificantforachievinghappiness.

Tosummarise,todefinehappinesswillnotbesohardifhumanscanunderstandhappinessinastandardwayandeliminate(消滅)their____34____totally.However,beforetherealizationofthis____35____,beingoptimistic,healthy,andfinanciallyindependentmaybethe“keys”tohappiness.21.A.instantly B.definitely C.permanently D.optimistically22.A.puts B.backs C.gives D.breaks23.A.helped B.confused C.changed D.interrupted24.A.directions B.positions C.solutions D.interpretations25.A.Fame B.Health C.Wealth D.Liberty26.A.success B.sacrifice C.motivation D.dissatisfaction27.A.settled B.copied C.expected D.expanded28.A.rare B.unique C.walking D.running29.A.weak B.slim C.sound D.large30A.cutdown B.heldback C.pulledup D.broughtabout31.A.clear B.find C.test D.grasp32.A.cycle B.sunshine C.oute D.power33.A.peaceful B.careful C.polite D.practical34.A.fear B.greed C.dream D.poverty35.A.goal B.value C.cause D.potential【答案】21.D22.B23.B24.D25.C26.D27.A28.C29.C30.D31.A32.B33.A34.B35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章圍繞“幸?！边@一主題展開，提出人類追求幸福是人生的終極目的，探討了幸福定義的困難性，并闡述了實現(xiàn)幸福的可能途徑?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幸福讓我們精力充沛地應(yīng)對事業(yè)，樂觀地調(diào)和生活。A.instantly立刻；B.definitely肯定地；C.permanently永久地；D.optimistically樂觀地。根據(jù)空前的“copewithourcareersenergetically”可判斷，空處指的是“樂觀地”面對生活。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，“追求”一詞表明，幸福就像地平線，當(dāng)我們向前邁進(jìn)時，它卻在后退。A.puts放置；B.backs支持、后退；C.gives給予；D.breaks打破。根據(jù)上文“theword“pursue”evidencesthathappinessislikeahorizon(地平線),whenwemovefurther”以及常理可知，幸福就像地平線，你追求它，它卻越來越遙遠(yuǎn)，也就是仿佛在后退。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：顯然，數(shù)千年來，人類對幸福的定義一直感到困惑，因為每個人都有自己的詮釋，而且更重要的是，人類的欲望幾乎是無限的。A.helped幫